Technical video of crucian carp culture

Crucian carp belongs to the genus Carassius of Cyprinidae. Crucian carp has delicate meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. Crucian carp is a lactation tonic for parturients. Crucian carp has a strong ability to adapt to the ecological environment and can tolerate hypoxia and cold resistance. No matter shallow water, deep water, running water, still water, clear water, turbid water and even sewage can adapt to growth. Food can be eaten and digested normally when the water temperature is about 10 ℃ ~ 32 ℃. It can still grow and reproduce even in the strongly alkaline waters of pH9, and it begins to die when the oxygen content is as low as 0.1mg / L. The only disadvantage of crucian carp is its slow growth.

Crucian carp is omnivorous and omnivorous fish. Animal food includes rotifer, bryozoan, copepod, Cladocera, shrimp and so on. Plant food includes diatoms, sponges, leaves and seeds of higher plants. The feeding habits of crucian carp are slightly different at different growth stages. When the body length is 1 cm ~ 5 cm, the type of food increases, in addition to plankton, there are fragments of buds and tender leaves of higher plants; when it grows to 10 cm ~ 15 cm, the number of higher plants increases significantly, and when it reaches more than 15 cm, it eats more benthos.

Pond condition

1. Pond environment: the pond area is generally 5-10 mu, the water depth is 1.5-2.5 meters, the water quality is good, the water source is abundant, the water supply is convenient, and there is no pollution; the bottom material of the pond is flat and hard, generally with a silt thickness of not more than 20 cm, and the ridge is solid and watertight.

2. Cleaning pond fertilizer and water: remove sundries and silt from the bottom of the pond. There are two methods: dry pond method and water-carrying method.

① dry pond method: use 60-75 kg quicklime per mu, keep 8-10 cm stagnant water in the pool, and mix the bottom silt and lime slurry evenly.

② with water method: water depth of about 50cm per mu, with quicklime 100kg-125kg, evenly sprinkle lime paste throughout the pond, generally 7-10 days after disinfection can release fish seeds. Water will be injected into the pond 5-6 days later, with a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters. At the same time, apply rotting hot chicken, duck and other animal fecal sticks Hefei 100-150 kg, water to tender green or tea brown, transparency in about 35 cm.

Fish stocking

The free-range species are 80% of crucian carp and 20% of other fish species such as silver carp. The fry must be "tested" for about 24 hours before stocking. If there is no abnormal situation, the fry can be officially released when the average water temperature reaches 6 ℃-8 ℃. Before entering the pond, the fish were bathed with 10 mg / kg potassium permanganate solution for 3-5 minutes, or 3% 5% salt water for 5-10 minutes.

Feeding and management

1. Feeding management: according to the feeding and management of normal pond fish culture, good quantity of pellet feed for fish feeding, punctual and fixed feeding every day, appropriate feed size, good water stability and low feed coefficient, according to the principle of a small number of times, when the water temperature is below 20 ℃, twice a day, when the water temperature is above 20 ℃, 3 times a day, feeding time is arranged at 8:00-18: 00:00. According to the season, weather, water color and eating conditions, to 80% of the fish after eating for the degree, at this time to reduce or stop feeding.

2. Adjust the water quality: apply quicklime solution once every 20 days, the dosage is 25-30 kg / mu each time, to improve the water quality, keep the ph value of pool water between 7-7.5: apply calcium superphosphate once every 15 days, 15-20 kg / mu each time. Calcium superphosphate can not be applied until 3-5 days after the application of quicklime to prevent excessive alkalinity of water and reduce the effect of phosphate fertilizer. In the whole cycle, the pond should maintain an appropriate amount of water, change the water every 10 days or so, each time 15-20 cm deep, and cooperate with the use of aerator, so that the pond to maintain good water quality conditions, high-temperature season should be turned on in time to increase oxygen.

Daily management

Adhere to special personnel on duty, often patrol the pond, observe the dynamics of schools of fish in the pond, patrol the pond in the morning, middle and evening every day, and observe whether the color has floating head phenomenon and the degree of floating head before dawn; during the day, you can combine bait and water temperature measurement to check fish activity and eating; in the high temperature season, when the weather changes, you should also welcome the pond before and after midnight to prevent flooding.

Disease prevention and treatment

Mainly for prevention, for bacterial fish diseases (red skin, rotten gills, enteritis, etc.), sprinkle with 1 mg / kg bleached water every 15 days; parasitic fish disease, once a month, each time with 0.5 mg / kg copper sulfate + 0.2 mg / kg ferrous sulfate mixture dissolved water It is mainly used to control protozoan parasites such as rotifer, Gill Cryptotrichum and Chinese oysters, and to kill trichlorfon or agricultural trichlorfon with 0.3-0.5 mg / kg crystal trichlorfon or agricultural enemies (the dosage is 6-10 ml per 1 meter of water depth). Used to control the larvae of parasites such as Anchor head and Chinese mackerel in the pond.

Common high-quality crucian carp species

1. Silver crucian carp: the body shape is significantly higher and wider than the ordinary crucian carp, its growth rate is faster than the ordinary crucian carp, the individual is larger, the maximum can reach 3 kg. Silver crucian carp is not only large, but also has thick meat, delicious taste, high capture rate and less disease, so it is suitable for raising in ponds and lakes. Silver crucian carp is a kind of middle and lower layer fish, which likes to live in the still water of silt sediment and like to eat plant humus bait. its diet and adaptability to the environment are similar to those of common crucian carp. Carassius auratus is taller, the body length is 3 times of the body height, the head is short, the caudal fin is short and bifurcated, the body color is slightly bluish gray, and the abdomen is silver.

2. Pengze crucian carp: Pengze crucian carp has delicious meat, high meat content, rich nutrition (18.3% protein in muscle and 1.3% fat). It is plump, easy to transport, easy to temporarily raise, easy to hook, and is conducive to the listing of live fish. It is also a kind of fish that can be produced and developed. Pengze crucian carp has the characteristics of crucian carp, but also different from crucian carp, especially in the external shape, the difference is obvious. The shape of Pengze crucian carp is spindle-shaped, the pigment is star-shaped, the back is gray-black, and the abdomen is gray-white. The male pectoral fin of Pengze crucian carp can reach the base of the ventral fin, while the female pectoral fin can not reach the base of the pectoral fin. Pengze crucian carp has low back shape, silver crucian carp and allogenic silver crucian carp have high back shape, which is the basis of the difference between them. Pengze crucian carp is adaptable, resistant to high temperature, cold, fertilizer and water, and resistant to hypoxia. Pengze crucian carp has miscellaneous eating habits and wide recipes, and the feed is easy to solve. The sexual maturity age of Pengze crucian carp is 1 year old, and the breeding period is at the beginning of April every year. When the water temperature rises above 17 ℃, it can lay eggs. Pengze crucian carp grows rapidly and has a large individual. 1-year-old fish can reach more than 200 grams, the largest individual can reach 650 grams, the average growth rate is 3.5 times that of ordinary crucian carp.

3. Allogenic silver crucian carp: the offspring obtained by using founder silver crucian carp as female parent and Xingguo red carp as male parent by using "heterospermic gynogenesis effect". The method of reproduction is conventional artificial insemination, the pituitary gland of common carp is used as oxytocin, and the seedling cultivation is the same as that of silver crucian carp. Carassius auratus has a wide diet, including diatoms, cladocera, barley, bean cakes and plant detritus. The survival rate from fry to summer flower is 80%, and from summer flower to adult fish is 90%, and the growth rate is 1 ~ 2 times faster than ordinary crucian carp. The fish fry ponds were stocked with 100120 6.6cm per square meter for 5 months. without adding feed, the yield could be increased by 20kg ~ 25kg and the average body weight was about 0.25kg. Adult fish pond breeding, every 667 square meters to increase 100 ~ 120 (specification more than 6.6 cm), after 180 days of breeding, can increase the income of allogenic silver crucian carp about 20 kg, each tail more than 0.15 kg.