Culture techniques of brocade carp

Koi belongs to the family Cyprinidae biologically. Cyprinidae is the largest family of all fish species, with more than 1400 species. It is a kind of high-grade ornamental fish popular in today's world, with the laudatory name of "living gemstone in the water" and "works of art that can swim". Because of its low requirements for water quality, miscellaneous eating habits and easy reproduction, it is welcomed by people.

Selection of breeding sites for koi

Raising koi, whether in gardens, fish farms, or individual professional households, must have a short-term or long-term unified plan for the establishment of koi breeding grounds, water sources, and power supply, even if koi lovers build a few small fish ponds in the garden. We also have to design according to local conditions. Because the selection and planning of sites and water sources for raising koi can directly affect the growth and development of koi and the scientific and technological management in the future, it is necessary to make a comprehensive investigation and planning in advance.

1. Fish farms had better choose places with plenty of sunshine and good ventilation, especially those with good ventilation in the suburbs, gardens and reinforced roofs and balconies where the sun can be exposed between 6 a.m. and 12:00.

2. The fish farm must be close to the water source and power source. If the water quality of rivers, lakes and rivers is not polluted, in order to reduce the cost of fish culture, natural water sources can also be used according to local conditions and can be used after suction filter treatment. If the water quality of rivers, rivers and lakes has to use groundwater (deep well water) or tap water because of pollution, the fish farm should choose the place where the groundwater level is higher or nearby where the tap water pipe can be connected.

3. The fish farm should be located in a place with convenient transportation. It is ideal to be close to airports, stations and ship docks. In this way, the advantages of transit or transportation can be brought into play. It can reduce the cost of export transportation and play a very positive role in improving the survival rate of koi transportation.

4. The fish farm is close to the feed producing area. Sufficient feed can raise koi well. If there is a shortage of food, the koi will get sick because of physical problems.

Construction and rational layout of koi culture ponds

At present, the construction of koi breeding ponds in China can be divided into three types:

1. Far away from the productive koi ponds with large breeding area in the urban area. The size of this kind of koi pond can reach more than 10 square meters. The depth of the pond is about 35 li 50 cm. Lanshou koi farmed in Fuzhou, Guangzhou and Dongguan in recent years will build deeper fish ponds in order to make the fish grow bigger, with a general water depth of more than 50 cm or more.

2. Breeding ponds for ornamental and production dual-purpose fish farms. The fish ponds in these fish farms should not only adapt to production, but also meet the needs of viewing. Therefore, the area of fish ponds should be smaller and shallower, with a depth of about 255cm and a total area of 3m ~ 5m. It is commonly configured in the park.

3. Due to the limited conditions, regardless of the size, shape and direction of the fish pond, the family fish pond should be adjusted to local conditions, and there is no need for excessive standardization. Therefore, it is economical, convenient and practical for some koi lovers to raise fish with only one brick upright (about 25 centimeters high) and a small fish pond painted with cement (about 1 meter 2 square meters). The walls of fish ponds, whether productive, ornamental or family, should not be too high. Generally speaking, the water depth should be 30ml / 50cm high.

Management of koi culture ponds

Koi must be prepared before and after the introduction of koi, which is of great significance to the survival and rapid adaptation of koi to the environment.

1. The newly built fish pond should be soaked with water. For newly built fish farms, the fish ponds should be soaked in water 15 seconds before the arrival of koi. To achieve the purpose of alkali removal and "annealing". The best soaking time is about 1 week. If the new pool is in urgent need, two methods can be used: the first is to dissolve 12-15 grams of phosphoric acid in 50 kg of water and soak in the new pool for 1-2 days. Put off the water containing phosphoric acid, then rinse and disinfect it with salt water or potassium permanganate solution, fill it with old green water or clear water and soak it for about a week, in order to plant moss as soon as possible, re-fill it with new water and expose it to the sun for 3 min for 5 days. After dechlorination, koi can be put into this pond water to raise. The second is to add alum (about 250 grams per ton of water) to the soaking water of the new pond, which can also be used to remove alkali after 3 days, and then add green water to soak for a few days and then inject it into the fresh water for 5 days. After dechlorination, the pond can raise fish.

2. The koi breeding pond was disinfected. Even in old fish farms, if fish have not been raised for a long time or fish ponds at the end of winter, it is best to soak and disinfect them with 2%-3% concentrated salt water or 10 Mel 20 mg / L potassium permanganate or trichlorfon solution before use. the purpose is to check whether the fish ponds have frozen cracks and leaks after overwintering and to prevent fish diseases.

3. Family fish farming. When raising fish in the family, the yellow sand tank or ceramic tank bought should also be soaked, annealed and disinfected, and then soaked in thick green water for a few days (the aim is to speed up the growth of moss). Finally, replace it with new (volt) water before you can raise fish.

4. temporary recuperation. After the introduction of koi is transported, the protective layer (mucus) on the surface of the fish is easy to scratch and damage after a long-distance bump. therefore, before the golden arrival (home), several tanks or large basins or two small fish ponds should be prepared in the market (home). Put away the fresh water of 1canister and 2 ponds (tanks). After the purchased fish arrive, first put their deceased tank or basin or small pond. After bathing for 15 minutes with 1%-2% salt water or 10-10 mg / L furacilin or 5-10 mg / L potassium permanganate solution (the time should be controlled flexibly depending on the size of the fish), put it into the breeding pond to rest (if there is green water, it is best to add a little bit in the pond), and put furacilin powder at the ratio of 2 mg / L in the breeding pond, so as to reduce the incidence of fish disease. The water from the original plastic bag after long-distance transportation must not be poured directly into the breeding pond.

5. Feeding. After entering the market, the koi should not be fed on the first day, not or less on the second day, and the subsequent feeding should depend on the principle that the appetite of the koi increases gradually. this will help the water quality not to deteriorate and turn green quickly. do not spoil the water quality by eating too much at one time. It destroys a pool of new water and seriously affects the health of koi.

6. Disinfection of breeding utensils. All the utensils used, such as fishing net pockets, fishing nets, fish basins, brushes, rags, straws, etc., should be sterilized, exposed and hung in a fixed and dry place.

7. Install oxygenation equipment. For conditional fish farms, oxygen pumps can be installed to increase oxygen in the newly entered koi ponds, so that koi can recover quickly after transportation.