Aquaculture technology

Aquatic plants are very useful plants, which can not only greatly improve the ornamental value of fish, but also promote the growth and reproduction of tropical fish, so aquaculture is very important. Different kinds of aquatic plants have different culture methods.

Basic conditions for aquaculture

1. The basic conditions of aquaculture: moderate lighting, addition of carbon dioxide, adequate fertilizer (base fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, topdressing), water flow, water temperature, water hardness, PH value, healthy bottom bed.

2. The reproduction mode of aquatic plants: there are two kinds of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, and sexual reproduction is completed through the process of flowering and pollination, fertilization and seed (seed). Asexual reproduction, also known as vegetative reproduction, roughly has the following ways.

① root propagation: the roots of some aquatic plants will produce lateral buds, which will be separated from the mother and form new individuals.

② stem propagation: plants with underground stems can be separated from broken branches or lateral branches to form new plants; underground stems grow from the roots and spread in the bottom sand, and new plants can be produced at each node. Stolons are somewhat like underground stems, but only thrive on sand.

③ leaf reproduction: a leaf can be planted in the bottom sand to grow into a complete aquatic plant.

Basic equipment for aquaculture

1. Lighting equipment

① lamps and lanterns: the fluorescent lamp is better, its price is lower, and the high reflection lamp is more suitable when choosing.

② lamp: choose the wavelength distribution 655nm and 460nm that are suitable for photosynthesis of aquatic plants, and should not only pay attention to brightness.

2, filtering equipment: can be divided into cylindrical filtration, internal filtration, etc., filter size should be matched with the size of the cylinder, but not suitable for upper filtration.

3. Heating equipment: the bottom heating is the best.

4. Bottom bed: bottom sand, base fertilizer, bottom bed microorganism, timer, thermometer and so on.

Preparation for aquaculture

1, the selection of fish tank: set up the place to avoid sunlight as far as possible, if it is a super-large fish tank should consider the pressure that the floor can bear.

2. Planting location: when arranging aquatic plants, it is best to conceive the landscape of aquatic plants before buying them, and then buy aquatic plants according to the needs of landscaping, and then plant them according to the designed landscape drawings. When conceiving the design map, the species of aquatic plants should be selected, especially the demand for light and the hardness of water; in other matching materials, such as streamwood, stone and so on. Attention should be paid to whether it will affect water quality, such as limestone, which will increase the hardness of the water. And the driftwood more or less contains colored substances, need to soak in water for several days, so that after spitting color, put into the water grass tank will not affect the beauty.

3. Bottom sand: the selection of bottom sand should also be based on the principle that it does not affect the water quality; before setting up the cylinder, the bottom sand should be fully washed and put into the special microorganism of the bottom bed.

Selection of aquatic plants

1. When buying aquatic plants, you should choose healthy leaves in the water, which are easier to grow.

2. After buying aquatic plants, they should be disinfected first.

3. The aquatic plants should be classified before planting. If there is any decay, the unhealthy stems and leaves should be removed.

4. When planting, do not crush the ends of aquatic plants or break stems and branches.

Water grass tank setting

1. First, lay a thin layer of the washed bottom sand on the bottom of the cylinder, then lay the base fertilizer on it, and then cover the bottom sand. The bottom sand laying should be low before mining and high after mining, and its visual effect is better. If you use the bottom heating, you should first set up the heating equipment, and then lay the bottom sand. The height of the bottom bed varies according to the size of the fish tank. The total height of the foreground of the small fish tank (below 75cm) is about 5cm, and the height of the rear view should not exceed 1 × 4 of the height of the tank. The large fish tank (above 90cm) is adjusted according to the type of aquatic plants planted and the need for landscaping. The total height of the foreground is about 8-10cm, while in the background, if large aquatic plants are planted, their roots extend wide and deep. The thickness of the bottom sand needs to be a little thicker, usually about 15~25cm (its thickness mainly depends on the need for landscaping).

2. Put the matching material of the landscape in the predetermined position according to the design drawing, and adjust it to the most suitable position.

3. Put in the water of 1G, 3pm, 1P4. Do not release the water too quickly, so as not to damage the bottom bed. (it is best to pre-aerate with tap water for one day.) A small plate can be used to hold water, so that the water can slowly overflow and it is less likely to wash out the bottom bed.

4. Plant the shorter grass according to the predetermined position.

5, then slowly add the water, at this time, you can use a sucker to fix the water pipe on the cylinder wall, so that the water can slowly flow into the cylinder, at this time the flow is not too large; at the same time, according to the height of the grass from low to high, slowly implanted, so that the grass landscape will be completed.

6. If the aquatic plants planted are very fragile, wait until the water level reaches the height of the grass, so that the aquatic plants will not be damaged.

Daily management of aquaculture

1, lighting time setting: ① in the first week of setting the cylinder, its lighting time is about 3-4 hours, so the aquatic plants are still adapting to the environment, do not need too much light, such as lighting time is too long, algae is easy to grow. The lighting time of ② can be increased to 5-6 hours in the second week of setting the cylinder. After the third week of setting the cylinder in ③, the lighting time can be slowly increased to the normal time, 8-10 hours. ④ lights on and off the best way to adopt a gradual way, not all the lights all at once, it is appropriate to pick the switch above the section, more in line with the natural ecology, aquatic plants have sleep time, do not give 24 hours of lighting.

2, the addition of carbon dioxide: ① with lighting time addition. The pH value of ② should be maintained from 6.4 to 6.8. The addition amount of ③ should be moderate, too little will lead to poor growth of aquatic plants, and too much will easily lead to hypoxia and death of animals in the water.

3. Water change: within the first week of setting up the ①, the frequency and quantity of water change are recommended, and the water should be changed every 3 days. After the second week of ②, the water was changed once a week, and the amount of water changed was about 1 × 3 × 1 / 4. New water should be aerated for more than 1 day, and should be added slowly when it is added to the tank.

4. Add liquid fertilizer: do not add liquid fertilizer within two weeks of setting up the cylinder of ①. When aquatic plants adapt to the new environment, they temporarily stop growing and do not absorb nutrients. If liquid fertilizer is added, it is easy to breed algae.) ② began to add liquid fertilizer in the third week, and the amount of liquid fertilizer was halved at this time. ③ is added according to normal usage after the fourth week.

5. Fish and shrimp stocking: after the second week of setting up the tank in ①, you can put black-shell shrimp and algae shrimp to remove algae and sundries first. After the fourth week of setting up the tank in ②, put in the fish to be raised again, and the quantity should not be too large. (for example, there are about 40 lanterns in the 60cm tank) ③ fish and shrimp should pay attention to the adjustment of PH quality and water temperature when putting them into the tank, first put the bag into the fish tank, about 15 minutes to neutralize the water temperature, and then slowly mix the water in the tank with the original water of the fish and shrimp after about 15 minutes-half an hour, then slowly release the whole bag into the tank. ④, please choose only fish suitable for water grass tank, such as lantern fish, immortals and so on. When ⑤ fish are only released, pay attention to the water capacity in the tank and the size of the fish to determine the number of fish.

6, temperature setting: the best temperature of ① water grass tank is 22 degrees Celsius ~ 23 degrees Celsius, but with fish breeding, it can be adjusted between 24 degrees Celsius and 26 degrees Celsius. After setting the temperature, keep it stable as far as possible. When the temperature of ② is too high in summer, you can use a cooler or a small fan to dissipate heat. It is best to frame the lamps and lanterns high to improve the heat dissipation effect.

7. Pruning aquatic plants: when aquatic plants affect the overall landscape, they need to be pruned. ① stemmed aquatic plant: generally can be directly trimmed from the top to the desired height, such as when the aquatic plant is aging, cut off the upper part and implant it, and remove the lower aging part, such as Pearl Grass. ① stemless aquatic plant: just trim the withered and yellow leaves. If the growth of the walking stem is too messy, you can cut off the excess walking stem and pull up the aquatic plant.

8. Control and removal of algae. ① moderate amount of light and lighting time. ② add appropriate fertilizers (avoid using chemical fertilizers like nitrates). ③ fish should not be overfed.