A complete book on disease prevention and treatment of ornamental fish

The prevention and treatment of diseases of ornamental fish should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, treatment as a supplement, prevention is more important than treatment". In the prevention and treatment of diseases of family ornamental fish, salt is the first choice, which is both convenient and economical, and the concentration is easy to master. Let's take a look at the prevention and treatment of common diseases of ornamental fish.

Fungal disease of ornamental fish

1. Skin mycosis (water mildew)

[etiology] A very common disease of ornamental fish that is infected by mold spores after being injured by trauma or parasites during fishing and transportation.

[pathogen] Aquatic mold, Rhizopus and other aquatic molds.

[symptoms] White hairs grow on the fish's body. In severe cases, white hair can surround the fish. The body of the fish is thin and the swimming ability is reduced. The disease occurs all the year round.

[prevention] as long as fishing and transportation are careful not to hurt the fish, a small amount of salt can be put into the aquarium of new fish to inhibit the occurrence of water mold, pay attention to cleaning and disinfection when putting live bait, and the water quality can be kept clean to isolate the growth of water mold. generally, the occurrence of this disease can be prevented, once it occurs, the following treatment methods can be used.

[treatment] ① 2% Mel 3% brine, once a day, 5-10 minutes each time. The malachite green solution of 1/1000000 to di (1-2ppm), the specific drug of ②, was washed for 20-30 minutes a day. ③ 2/1000000 (2ppm) mixed potassium permanganate with 1% salt water and soaked the diseased fish for 20-30 minutes. ④ increased the water temperature to inhibit the growth of water mold. And a 15-watt ultraviolet lamp can be used for several hours a day to effectively inhibit and eliminate water mold.

2. Parotid mildew

[pathogen] A fungus of the genus Gill.

[symptoms] when the spores of the bacteria fall into the water, they will attach to the gills of the fish and invade the tissue to grow. When the fish are found to be having difficulty breathing, the hyphae will be found when they are opened.

[prevention] or prevention to keep the water quality clean. The occurrence of this disease can be avoided by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

[treatment] the treatment can refer to the treatment of water mold.

Viral diseases of ornamental fish

Viral disease is an extremely dangerous disease in ornamental fish diseases, and it is also troublesome to treat, with rapid transmission and high mortality.

1. The Black death

[etiology] Antibacterial infection of Gram-positive bacteria complicated with intestinal parasitism of six flagellates.

[pathogen] hexaflagellate and enteroid drug-resistant bacteria.

[symptoms] fin overlap, body shaking, fear of people, blackening of body color, slight loss of appetite, hiding in the corner of the cylinder, slowly loss of appetite, damage and festering of fins, cloud-like erosion on the body surface, covered with many white protuberances, tail and fins, loss of balance, and eventually death.

[treatment] ① improves water quality, such as changing water or adjusting PH. ② specific drug, chlorphenamine. ③ Heinamin and Helishamin are used alternately.

2. Hemorrhagic fever

[pathogen] herpesvirus

[symptoms] the body surface of the diseased fish is black and dull, and the mouth, fins and muscles are congested. Sometimes the cheek cover, head, abdominal wall are congested, the cheek silk shows bright red dots or lumps of congestion, serious cheeks will bleed and become "white cheeks", eyeballs will have protruding symptoms (this prominent symptoms are different from arowana exophthalmos), the onset season is mostly between June and September, when the water temperature is 26-30 degrees Celsius, it is most popular.

[treatment] ① fully exposed to sunlight and tried to reduce the water temperature to less than 25 degrees Celsius. ② was bathed with the extract of traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb. ③ was decocted with 0.25-0.5g inkstone of rhubarb and Liquidambar formosana leaves, mixed with beef heart hamburger and fed with 0.6 parts per million (0.6ppm) of carbendazim solution in the aquarium for two consecutive days. Soak in ④ antibiotics (such as penicillin, erythromycin, etc.).

Bacterial diseases of ornamental fish

The diseases caused by bacteria belong to the most kinds of diseases in fish. the common diseases are rotten mumps, bacterial enteritis, white skin disease, vertical scale disease, hemorrhagic corruption, printing disease, furunculosis, white head and white mouth disease, and so on. They all belong to the high incidence of ornamental fish diseases, and the incidence is generally more dangerous.

1. Rotten gills

[pathogen] Myxococcus caused by fish

[symptoms] Fish gills are full of mucus, and there is bleeding in the inner epidermis of the cheek silk and parietal bone. the cheek silk will quickly change from red to white, and gradually rot and finally all the rotting fish in the whole cheek will lose their respiratory function and die.

[treatment] ① was bathed with 12.5/1000000 (12.5ppm) furacillin solution for 30 minutes. ② was bathed with 12.5/1000000 (12.5ppm) oxytetracycline solution for 30 minutes. ③ every day until the sick fish recover, while cleaning all utensils and aquariums with 1/1000000 furacilin solution to disinfect the fish to prevent re-infection.

2. Bacterial enteritis

[etiology] eating unclean food or overeating, intestinal distension, obstruction of excretion, resulting in bacterial infection of the intestinal tract leading to enteritis.

[pathogen] Aeromonas punctata.

[symptoms] the diseased fish stops in the corner of the aquarium and does not eat, and its abdomen is swollen with erythema and anus protruding. The muscles will twitch for a short time, and the feces will be white. If you perform an autopsy, you will find water in the abdominal cavity, congestion and inflammation of the intestinal wall, fuchsia in the intestines in severe cases, no food in the intestines, only yellowish mucus and thick blood.

[treatment] Furacillin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, dysentery and other medicine baths should be used if they are taken internally. The internal medicine must be dissolved and mixed into Niu Xin hamburger or other mixed bait. If the fish can no longer eat, there is only a medicine bath (there are also intramuscular injection of gentamicin and penicillin).

3. White skin disease (also known as white tail disease)

[etiology] the uncleanliness in the aquarium, especially the faeces of the fish, is not cleaned up in time, or the fish is injured carelessly during fishing and transportation, resulting in pathogenic bacteria infection (the harm of trauma can be seen).

Gram-negative bacilli of Trichoderma albicans

[symptoms] the dorsal fin or caudal fin may also be a small white spot at the base of the dorsal fin plus caudal fin (that is, the back and caudal stalk of the fish). The white spot expands rapidly until all the caudal fins are white and rotten, and the swimming ability of the diseased fish is significantly reduced. out of balance will stand up and swim up and down vertically, and die for 2-3 days. The mortality rate is extremely high, and the disease is prevalent from May to August.

[treatment] 25/1000000 (25ppm) oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline solution was bathed for 30 minutes per day, and the aquarium was disinfected with 1/1000000 bleach solution.

4. Vertical scale disease

[pathogen] A bacterium similar to Trichoderma punctatus.

[symptoms] the scale of the fish changes from flat covering the fish's body surface to an elephant like a pine ball, and the scales at the base of the scales are swollen. If you press lightly on the scales, the scales will fall off, and after 2-3 days, the diseased fish will die. The disease is not contagious, and it is more common in goldfish, koi, bass and oviparous fish, such as Mary, moon fish, peacocks, etc., which are more popular every spring.

[treatment] tetracycline solution of ① 1/50000 was bathed for 1 hour / day. ② 2% salt and 3% sodium bicarbonate solution medicine bath for 10 minutes / day. Soak in ③ furacillin plus fluroterin solution.

5. Hemorrhagic decay

[etiology] the invasion of pathogenic bacteria caused by fish injury is also caused by frostbite in winter.

[pathogen] Gram-negative bacteria of Trichoderma fluorescens.

[symptoms] body surface bleeding, inflammation, scale shedding, congestion of the dorsal fin or all the fins, fin decay like a broken fan, water mold on the scale or fin, and gills and hemorrhagic disease (see viral disease).

[treatment] 1% saline or 2/1000000 (2ppm) potassium permanganate or 2/1000000 (2ppm) bleach solution.

6. Printing disease (also known as skin rot)

[cause] the disease occurs when the water is unclean or when the fish is injured. There is no obvious seasonal difference.

[pathogen] the punctate subspecies of punctate Aeromonas is also a kind of Gram-negative bacteria.

[symptoms] inflammation of the skin and muscles near the anus or on the caudal stalk (rarely seen in the front of the fish) is like a pustule, and the muscles gradually rot away to form round or oval lesions, as if branded.

[treatment] refer to the treatment of other Gram-negative bacteria.

7. Furunculosis

[pathogen] A punctate Aeromonas aerogenes belonging to a kind of gram-negative bacteria.

[symptoms] the subcutaneous muscle tissue is inflamed, with abscesses and dropsy similar to ulcers, there are a lot of pus, blood and bacteria in the abscesses, the base of the fins is congested, the fins are cracked, and in severe cases, the intestines are also congested.

[treatment] refer to the treatment of other Gram-negative bacteria.

8. White head and white mouth disease

[pathogen] A myxococcus similar to the pathogen of rotten mumps, the most suitable temperature is 25 degrees Celsius and the PH value is between 6 and 8.5.

[symptoms] the cells around the forehead and mouth of the diseased fish necrosis, whitening, ulcers, sometimes with gray fluff, thin and black, rapid onset, rapid infection, all die in one day, mostly from late May to early July.

[treatment] sprinkle 1/1000000 (1ppm) of bleach into the aquarium for disinfection.