How to sow bayberry seeds? Introduction to the Sowing and Seedling Raising Methods of Myrica rubra

Red bayberry is an excellent tree species produced by the combination of landscaping and greening. it is a small tree or shrub of the genus Myrica of Myricaceae, with luxuriant branches and leaves, round crown, solitary planting, cluster planting in the lawn, courtyard or roadside. East China and Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and other areas are distributed, let's take a look at how to plant bayberry seeds!

Nursery selection

When selecting nursery land, attention should be paid to the location, topography and direction of nursery land. It is best to choose areas with convenient transportation and flat terrain, such as the general slope of the slope is not more than 5 °, and the slope direction is north or northeast as far as possible. The sandy loam with rich soil, loose texture and deep soil layer is better. If the soil is too loose, the upper layer is easy to dry, the lower layer is full of fertilizer and water, the root system extends downward, forming a thick and straight root system, the whisker root is not developed, and clay and saline-alkali soil are not suitable for raising seedlings.

Seed collection

Red bayberry seeds should collect fully ripe fruits from robust adult trees. When collecting seeds, check whether the kernels of the fruits are full or not, and select the fruit trees with abundant kernels for collection. The harvested fruit should choose the appropriate place where the sunlight is not direct, spread out and accumulate the fruit, and the accumulation height generally does not exceed 15 cm. After 4-5 days of accumulation, the pulp is rotten, which can be washed in running water, and the floating gravure is removed to dry the surface for use.

Soil preparation and fertilization

Bayberry seeds should be prepared before sowing. The paddy field or flat land should be ploughed 23 to 27 centimeters deep, and the mountain or deep soil should be ploughed deeper. Sun-white after ploughing, and then layer-by-layer fertilization, repeated ploughing and harrowing, so that the soil is fully fine. The width of the border is 1 meter, the width of the ditch is 30 centimeters, the height of the mountain border is 10-15 centimeters, and the height of the flat border is 20-30 centimeters. Per mu of pig, cattle manure or compost 30005000kg, calcium superphosphate 1520kg, a number of plant ash. Deep drainage ditches should be dug around the paddy fields, and attention should be paid to drought and flood control in mountainous areas.

Sowing method

The red bayberry seeds were soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 40% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution for 10 minutes before sowing. After the seeds were broken on the surface of the nursery, the seeds were scattered evenly on the surface of the border, with 1.25-1.5 kg per square meter. After sowing, the seeds were gently pressed into the soil with a plank, which was covered with a layer of fine soil, about 2-3 cm deep, and then covered with a thin layer of grass to prevent Rain Water from scouring and drying the topsoil.

Seedling stage management

When the weather turns cold in the middle of December, the red bayberry seeds should be covered with a small film arch to keep warm. It is necessary to maintain a certain temperature, pay attention to drainage and prevent rodent damage. Generally, the seeds are sown in the middle and late October, the seeds germinate in January of the second year, and the seedlings emerge from the ground in the middle of February. After emergence, if the sun is too strong at noon, it is necessary to open the film ventilation at both ends of the small arch shed to reduce the temperature and humidity in the shed and prevent sunburn or quenching disease, which can be transplanted in late July.

Seedling transplanting

Red bayberry seedlings can be transplanted when they reach about 10 cm high and grow 4-5 leaves. Soil preparation and fertilization should be carried out in the nursery before transplanting. At the same time, 25 kg of lime should be applied on each mu of border or 600 times of topzine should be sprayed. Then, the seedlings were transplanted according to the specifications of row spacing 30 cm 35 cm and plant spacing 8 cm 10 cm. When transplanting seedlings, we should choose the morning and evening of cloudy or sunny days, and irrigate enough fixed root water, transplanting 1.2 ~ 14000 plants per mu.

Transplanting management

Red bayberry seedlings are very sensitive to fertilizer, and even a small amount of thin fertilizer can easily cause seedling death. it is necessary to wait for the root system to grow well and grow 4-5 new leaves before using diluted human feces and urine (1 load of water plus 2 tablespoons of human feces and urine, 0.25 kg of urea). After that, 2% ternary compound fertilizer or rare human feces and urine were irrigated once every half a month, and thin fertilizer was applied frequently to promote the growth of seedlings. Attention should be paid to preventing anthracnose, blight, diseases and insect pests of seedlings. It is necessary to loosen the soil and weed frequently to prevent soil consolidation and weeds from competing with seedlings for nutrients.

Seed sowing method of red bayberry

Bayberry is a common fruit in our life, and bayberry can be seen everywhere in some places in the countryside, but bayberry is actually very easy to grow, and it does not need careful care. Of course, if we take planting bayberry as a career, it is not possible to let him grow freely.

Seed sowing method of red bayberry

Both wild and cultivated red bayberry seeds can be sowed and raised seedlings, and the germination rate of fresh seeds is the highest, but autumn sowing is often used in production. The specific steps are:

The seeds were collected by ①. When collecting seeds, wash the pulp on the surface of the seeds first. Spread the seeds in a dry and ventilated place to dry and store them in sand. Sow seeds in the field. Generally sowing in 10-12 months, sowing with multiple uses, the sowing rate is 200-250 kg per mu, then covered with a thin layer of 1 cm thick, then covered with straw or other shade to protect and moisturize.

② seedling management. After 80 days of sowing, the seedling emergence rate reached 50%-60 plants. after emergence, the seedlings were transplanted in late April with a row spacing of 10 cm-25 cm, which was beneficial to survival. After transplanting, the culture tube should be strengthened to promote the growth of seedlings. It is not suitable to apply fertilizer in the early stage. When the seedlings reach more than 30 cm from August to September, nitrogen fertilizer (1% urea) can be applied sparsely to promote growth. Drought should be watered to resist drought. After October, the seedlings are as high as 50 cm and o.6 cm thick, and can be grafted in the following spring.

Propagation methods of Waxberry

Red bayberry is a treasure in the fruit, which is rich in nutrition. Because of its high economic value, it has attracted many farmers to plant. The following introduces several common breeding methods of red bayberry for your reference, hoping to be helpful to you.

1. Striping propagation. Striping propagation can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, but the propagation effect is the best in spring. Seedlings with foliage and fruit observation can be used. Generally choose a good variety of plants, first fill the soil under the canopy. Then carve 2 or 3 knives longitudinally at the bottom of the branch. Deep to xylem or annular peeling. 2cm wide, press the treated branches into the soil. Shallow irrigation with ABT1 rooting powder 800x liquid longitudinally engraved or peeled can promote early rooting. Then fill the 58 cm thick fine soil and pile up heavy objects such as stones on the fine soil to prevent the pressing branches from being moved by the wind. Generally, new roots can grow in the longitudinally engraved part in about 50-75 days. Before cultivating in the transplanting nursery according to the need, it can be cut off at 3-4 cm below the new root and then transplanted, and the seedlings can come out of the nursery after one year of cultivation.

2. Seedling propagation. Seedlings dominated by foliage. Most of them are cultivated by seedlings. The seeds of seedlings should be harvested on adult trees with strong growth. The seed germination rate is directly proportional to the nucleolus, so the fruit nucleolus of the seed tree should be examined when collecting seeds. A single plant with full nucleolus and fully mature nucleolus was selected for breeding. After harvesting, soak in water for 5-6 days until the pulp is rotten and washed, and remove the floating seeds, and then soak the seeds in 5% salt water for 10-12 days to sow the seedbed. The fertile and loose sandy loam should be selected in the seedbed. When sowing, strip sowing or sowing can be used, and the seeds can be pressed flat into the soil on the surface of the box. it is covered with a layer of fine soil 3 to 5 centimeters thick. The seeds can sprout and unearthed after a month. When the seedlings grow to about 8~l0 cm, interseedling or densification is carried out, and some human and animal dilute manure are applied to promote the robust growth of the seedlings, and the seedlings are formed after growing for about a year. It can be transplanted out of the nursery or used as a rootstock for grafted seedlings.

3. Grafted seedlings are propagated. In order to maintain the excellent characteristics of the varieties, the seedlings mainly focused on fruit were propagated by grafting. The grafting time should be in April. Generally, branch grafting is suitable. 2-3-year-old mature branches of mother trees with many fruits, good quality and strong growth should be selected as scions. 2-year-old seedlings transplanted once as rootstock, the rootstock is less than. 1 cm is commonly cut or subcutaneously grafted, and rootstocks greater than 1 cm can be split, embedded or ventrally grafted. The scion is 12 cm long. leave a section at the upper end and cut off the lower end. Because the red bayberry rootstock has a strong tip growth advantage. the sap of rootstocks increased more and faster after grafting. It is very easy to affect survival. In order to improve the survival rate, the following methods can be used to reduce the rate of sap rise of rootstocks:

① root cutting method. For small rootstocks less than 1 cm, the main root and part of the lateral root were cut off from both sides of the rootstock after grafting.

② remaining branch slow potential method. It is mainly used for small rootstocks less than 4 cm. First, grafting on the rootstock branches, leaving a small amount of branches as "diversion branches" to absorb sap, and then cut off about 30 days after grafting.

③ rootstock pruning in advance. The upper part of the rootstock was cut off 20 days before grafting. It can restrain the rise of tree sap and improve the survival rate.

④ rootstock ring cutting method. When the diameter of the rootstock is more than I.5 cm, two rounds of cross ring cutting is carried out 5 cm below the graft interface, and 30% of the cortex is retained in each round, which can significantly improve the survival rate.

Planting techniques of Waxberry

1. Transplanting time: red bayberry seedlings are about 10 cm high after they are unearthed and can be transplanted when they grow 4-5 leaves. Soil preparation and fertilization should be carried out in the nursery before transplanting. At the same time, 25 kg of lime should be applied on each mu of border or 600 times of topzine should be sprayed.

2. Transplanting method: when transplanting seedlings according to the specifications of row spacing of 30cm to 35cm and plant spacing of 8cm to 10cm, we should choose the morning and evening of cloudy or sunny days, and irrigate enough fixed root water, transplanting 1.2 ~ 14000 plants per mu.

3. Rational fertilization: red bayberry seedlings must wait for the root system to grow well and grow 4 or 5 new leaves before they can be poured with diluted human feces and urine (1 load of water plus 2 tablespoons of human feces and urine, 0.25 kg of urea), and then irrigate 2% ternary compound fertilizer or rare manure urine every half a month.

4. Tree management: the branches on the stem with a total trunk length of less than 1x2 were removed in time after planting. In the second year, three main branches could be equally divided in three directions. After the third year, the secondary branches were left on the main branch to make the crown form a natural happy shape, and the height was controlled at 2.5-3 meters.

5. Soil management: when planting red bayberry, we should timely remove weeds and loosen the soil, increase lime, adjust soil pH, supplement calcitonin for trees, and interplant green manure crops such as legumes and peanuts (avoid planting tall stalks and climbing plants) in the forest to increase soil biological cover.

6. Shoot control and flower promotion: when the crown of red bayberry is 2.0-2.5 meters high, the method of shoot control can be used to promote flower bud formation and achieve early fruiting and high yield. branch pulling, crown opening, relaxation of tree potential or soil application of paclobutrazol can be used to control shoot and promote flower from early October to late December.

7. Flower thinning and fruit thinning: plum trees combined with spring pruning to remove excess flower branches, especially weak flower branches, multi-flowering trees can be sprayed with bayberry flower thinning agent at flowering stage, and fruit thinning should be carried out according to the amount of fruit hanging on the tree body about 20 days after flowering.

Do you make money by growing bayberry?

Red bayberry has a wide range of uses and has great market potential. The 15-year-old red bayberry tree crown, which has beautiful appearance and thick green leaves, has been used as ornamental greening seedlings by garden engineering. The branches and leaves of red bayberry are green in winter and do not shed leaves. They have been used by cut flower shops to match leaves (cut leaves) in winter and are also exported to Japan. The fresh branches and leaves of red bayberry are not easy to burn and can be planted as a forest fire prevention zone to prevent forest fire. The epidermis of leaves, roots and branches of red bayberry is rich in tannins (up to 10%-19%), which can be extracted from flavonoids and essential oils and used as russet and medical astringents. The nucleolus of red bayberry contains vitamin B17, an anti-cancer substance. It also contains 32% crude protein and 21% crude fat. It is known as high-protein, high-vegetable oil food, which can be used for stir-frying or oil extraction. In addition, red bayberry has a variety of medicinal values, such as eliminating diet, protecting against cold, relieving heat, relieving diarrhea, diuresis, treating dysentery and thirst, clearing intestines and stomach, eliminating irritation and evil qi, etc., which is highly appraised by the medical circles in our country.

Red bayberry has a large market share in China, it can not only be eaten directly as fruit, many people like to drink red bayberry wine, often drink red bayberry wine has a very good health effect on people's health. And bayberry is also eaten in a variety of ways, so it is deeply loved by everyone in life!

How to plant bayberry seeds? Sowing method and Seedling stage Management of Waxberry

"Red fruit embellished with green branches, brilliant in front of the wood" bayberry tree has a long history of planting in China, the result is full of red fruit covered with branches, has a high ornamental and edible value. In the process of planting bayberry, the method of sowing and propagation is often used to propagate. So, how to plant bayberry seeds? The sowing methods and seedling management of bayberry are introduced as follows.

Picture: bayberry planting

1. Nursery selection

When selecting nursery land, attention should be paid to the location, topography and direction of nursery land. It is best to choose areas with convenient transportation and flat terrain, such as the general slope of the slope is not more than 5 °, and the slope direction is north or northeast as far as possible. The sandy loam with rich soil, loose texture and deep soil layer is better. If the soil is too loose, the upper layer is easy to dry, the lower layer is full of fertilizer and water, the root system extends downward, forming a thick and straight root system, the whisker root is not developed, and clay and saline-alkali soil are not suitable for raising seedlings.

II. Seed collection

Red bayberry seeds should collect fully ripe fruits from robust adult trees. When collecting seeds, check whether the kernels of the fruits are full or not, and select the fruit trees with abundant kernels for collection. The harvested fruit should choose the appropriate place where the sunlight is not direct, spread out and accumulate the fruit, and the accumulation height generally does not exceed 15 cm. After 4-5 days of accumulation, the pulp is rotten, which can be washed in running water, and the floating gravure is removed to dry the surface for use.

III. Soil preparation and fertilization

Bayberry seeds should be prepared before sowing. The paddy field or flat land should be ploughed 23-27 cm deep, and the mountain or deep soil should be ploughed deeper. Sun-white after ploughing, and then layer-by-layer fertilization, repeated ploughing and harrowing, so that the soil is fully fine. The width of the border is 1 meter, the width of the ditch is 30 centimeters, the height of the mountain border is 10-15 centimeters, and the height of the flat border is 20-30 centimeters. Per mu of pig, cattle manure or compost 3000-5000 kg, calcium superphosphate 15-20 kg, a number of plant ash. Deep drainage ditches should be dug around the paddy fields, and attention should be paid to drought and flood control in mountainous areas.

Picture: bayberry planting

4. Sowing method

The red bayberry seeds were soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 40% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution for 10 minutes before sowing. After the seeds were broken on the surface of the nursery, the seeds were evenly scattered on the surface of the border, 1.25-1.5kg per square meter. After sowing, the seeds were gently pressed into the soil with a plank, which was covered with a layer of fine soil, about 2-3 cm deep, and then covered with a thin layer of grass to prevent Rain Water from scouring and drying the topsoil.

V. Seedling management

When the weather turns cold in the middle of December, the red bayberry seeds should be covered with a small film arch to keep warm. It is necessary to maintain a certain temperature, pay attention to drainage and prevent rodent damage. Generally, the seeds are sown in the middle and late October, the seeds germinate in January of the second year, and the seedlings emerge from the ground in the middle of February. After emergence, if the sun is too strong at noon, it is necessary to open the film ventilation at both ends of the small arch shed to reduce the temperature and humidity in the shed and prevent sunburn or quenching disease, which can be transplanted in late July.

6. Transplanting seedlings

Red bayberry seedlings can be transplanted when they reach about 10 cm high and grow 4-5 leaves. Soil preparation and fertilization should be carried out in the nursery before transplanting. At the same time, 25 kg of lime or 600 times of topzine should be sprayed on each mu of border. Then, the seedlings were transplanted according to the specifications of row spacing of 30-35 cm and plant spacing of 8-10 cm. When transplanting seedlings, we should choose the morning and evening of cloudy or sunny days, and irrigate enough fixed root water, transplanting 1.2-14000 plants per mu.

Picture: bayberry planting

7. Transplanting management

Red bayberry seedlings are very sensitive to fertilizer, and even a small amount of thin fertilizer can easily cause seedling death. it is necessary to wait for the root system to grow well and grow 4-5 new leaves before using diluted human feces and urine (1 load of water plus 2 tablespoons of human feces and urine, 0.25 kg of urea). After that, 2% ternary compound fertilizer or rare human feces and urine were irrigated once every half a month, and thin fertilizer was applied frequently to promote the growth of seedlings. Attention should be paid to preventing anthracnose, blight, diseases and insect pests of seedlings. It is necessary to loosen the soil and weed frequently to prevent soil consolidation and weeds from competing with seedlings for nutrients.

[conclusion] to do a good job in seed reproduction of bayberry is the basis of successful planting of bayberry, which should be paid attention to by fruit growers. The above introduces the sowing method and seedling management of bayberry, hoping to help you!