Management techniques of growing and finishing Pigs

Reasonable clustering

The grouping technology should be divided into groups reasonably according to the breed, sex, body weight and feeding condition of pigs, so as to ensure the uniform growth and development of pigs. When divided into groups, they generally master the principles of "staying weak but not strong" and "disharmony between night and day". After grouping for a period of time, it is necessary to adjust the grouping at any time.

Group feeding is generally used in fattening pigs, which can not only make full use of the building area and equipment of pig houses, improve labor productivity, reduce the cost of raising pigs, but also use pigs to compete for food in the same trough, increase appetite and improve weight gain. When grouping, the nests must be combined, and the nests should be based on the characteristics of the pig's life, and the methods of keeping the weak but not the strong, dismantling more but not less, night and day should be carried out. It is generally raised in a fixed circle, with 10 to 20 heads per group. Under the condition of intensive feeding in the house and defecation and urine outside the house, it is appropriate to have 40-50 heads per group.

Feed

The growth rate of finishing pigs is fast, and nutritious full-price feed must be provided to meet the requirements of rapid growth of pigs.

Diets with a variety of pig growth need a variety of nutrients, a single diet is often not comprehensive nutrition, can not meet the requirements of pig growth and development. The application of a variety of feeds can give full play to the complementary role of protein and other nutrients, so as to improve the digestibility and utilization of protein and other nutrients. Studies have shown that the protein utilization rate of single corn fed to pigs is 51%, while that of single meat and bone meal is 41%. If two parts of corn and one part of meat and bone meal are mixed and fed to pigs, the protein utilization rate can be increased to 61%.

Feed quality affects not only weight gain and feed utilization efficiency of pigs, but also carcass quality. Pigs are omnivorous animals with monogastric stomach. the unsaturated fatty acids in the feed are deposited directly in the body fat, which softens the body fat, which is not conducive to long-term preservation. therefore, the feed containing less unsaturated fatty acids should be used two months before the pig goes on the market to prevent the production of soft fat.

Master the thinness of the diet the preparation of too thin diet not only affects saliva secretion, but also dilutes gastric juice and affects feed digestion. Feeding dilute diet reduced the dry matter intake of pigs, increased urination and consumed body heat. Therefore, it is better for the diet to be thicker, and the general feed-water ratio is 1 ∶ 2: 4. It should be thicker in winter and thinner in summer.

Timing, quantity and quality of feeding

Timing means that the time and times of feeding pigs every day should be fixed, which not only makes the life of pigs regular, but also contributes to the secretion of digestive juices and improves the appetite and feed utilization rate of pigs. The feeding times should be determined according to the specific feed. When concentrate is the main feed, it can be fed 2 times or 3 times a day, and the pig farms with more green roughage should be increased 1 times or 2 times a day. The summer day is long and the night is short, the day can be fed once during the day, and the winter day is short and the night is long, so you should add a night food. Feed in a fixed amount, not too much or too little, so as not to affect appetite and reduce the digestibility of feed. The feeding amount should be adjusted at any time according to the pig's appetite and growth stage, and each feeding should be controlled at 80% to 90% full, so that the pig can maintain a strong appetite every time. The type of feed and the ratio of concentrate, coarse and green should be relatively stable and should not be changed too much. when changing feed, it should be carried out gradually to make pigs have a process of adaptation and habit, which is beneficial to improve the appetite of pigs and the digestion and utilization rate of feed.

Feeding mode

The feeding methods can be divided into free feeding and restricted feeding. Free feeding is beneficial to daily gain, but the pig has more fat and poor carcass quality. Restricted feeding can improve the feed utilization rate and lean meat rate of pigs, but the weight gain is not as fast as free feeding. Generally speaking, the daily weight gain of free feeding is high, and there is a lot of deposited fat. Feed utilization rate is low. The utilization rate of limited feed was high, the carcass backfat was thinner, but the daily gain was lower. We can adopt the forward-promoting and back-controlling feeding method, that is, in the early stage (below 60KG), we can make use of the growth and development stage of the main lean meat of pigs, adopt the free feeding method, feed Hanzhu brand 5612 or Hope brand 5012 piglets, and in the later stage (above 60KG), use the fast growing stage of pig fat to carry out restricted feeding.

Feeding and management

In order to get faster weight gain with less feed in a short time, scientific feeding and management should be carried out in addition to selecting piglets and formula feed and additives.

Because the raw meal of ① has not been heated and its nutrition has not been destroyed, the effect of feeding raw meal to pigs is better than that of clinker, saving fuel for cooked feed, reducing feeding equipment, saving labor, increasing weight gain rate and saving feed.

The dry-wet feeding methods of ② include dry feeding, thin feeding and dry-wet feeding, and different feeding methods have different effects on digestion and absorption of pigs. Dry feeding is characterized by labor-saving, easy to master the amount of feeding, promote saliva secretion, the disadvantage is the loss of more feed. The advantage of sparse feeding is conducive to feeding, the loss of feed is less, the disadvantage is that it is easy to make pigs full, affecting digestion and absorption, the utilization rate of feed is not high, which is not conducive to the growth of pigs. The dry and wet feeding method is between dry feeding and thin feeding, pigs eat more feed, gastric juice can interact with feed well, digest and absorb well, improve the utilization rate of feed, and pigs grow fast.

③ timing quantitative method: feeding pigs should be specified for a certain number of times, a certain time and a certain quantity, and fed within a specified period of time. How many times a day is appropriate, depending on the specific conditions of each household, generally, piglets are fed six times a day, five times a day, and three times a day in the later period of fattening, so that big pigs can have enough time to sleep so as to reduce their activities, especially in summer, and avoid feeding when it is hottest at noon, which is beneficial to weight gain. Meals should be equally spaced during the day. Keep the amount of each meal moderate and balanced, neither make the pig hungry, nor overeat the pig, generally feed 90% full. It is best to feed at 9 o'clock in the morning and evening.

④ free feeding method can make pig daily gain faster, carcass fat thicker, deposit fat more, and save feeding time and labor. If you want to gain as much daily weight as possible, it is best to use free feeding method; if you want to obtain carcass with high lean percentage, it is better to use regular and quantitative feeding method. Pigs were allowed to eat freely in the early stage of growth and fattening, and fed regularly in the later stage, so that the daily gain of the whole period was higher, and the carcass fat was not too much, at the same time, the feed conversion rate was increased and feed was saved.

⑤ concentrate before green, add less frequently: feed concentrate first and then green feed, and add less frequently.

Feeding times

It is generally appropriate to feed 2 or 3 times a day. During the fattening period of 20~90KG, compared with the results of feeding 2 times and 3 times a day, feeding 3 times did not improve daily gain and feed efficiency, and the feed ratio of 3 times was 35% in the morning, 25% in noon and 40% in the evening.

Drinking water

To ensure that pigs can drink clean water at any time, it is best to give warm water in winter and spring and cold water in summer. Keep the sink running when feeding. Pigs need water 2.5~3.0KG to eat 1KG feed to ensure the normal digestion and metabolism of the feed. In addition, the supply of drinking water should be increased in summer.

Sufficient supply of clean drinking water is an indispensable substance in the process of regulating body temperature, digestion and absorption of feed nutrients and excretion of leftovers. Poor water quality will bring many pathogens, so it is necessary to ensure both sufficient water quantity and water quality. In actual production, do not use dilute material instead of drinking water, otherwise it will cause unnecessary feed waste.

Piggery environment

Pig house hygiene: pig house hygiene is closely related to disease prevention, so it is necessary to do a good job in pig house cleaning and treatment. The pigsty should be cleaned every day and carry away feces, urine and residual feed in time; starting from piglets, that is, training to defecate and defecate at a fixed point. Pig defecation and urine like to look for wet places. When pigs enter the pen, clean up other places, and put some water in the place where they are scheduled to defecate, and the pigs will defecate in the place where the water is released. If the pig is not excreted at the predetermined location, the dung shovel can be placed at the predetermined location, and the next time the pig is excreted, it can be excreted to the predetermined place. After two or three days of guidance, we will be able to excrete at a fixed point. Pigs develop the habit of "three-point positioning", that is, eating, sleeping and defecation and urine are fixed, which can not only keep the pigsty clean, but also help to accumulate soil and fertilizer and reduce the labor intensity of breeders. The pigsty should be cleaned every day and the pig body should be brushed frequently, which not only helps to reduce pig disease, but also helps to improve the daily gain and feed utilization rate of pigs.

Temperature: the suitable temperature is needed for the growth of pigs, and the suitable temperature for fattening pigs is 1523 ℃. When the temperature is too high, fattening pigs will be restless, wheezing and unwilling to eat. When the temperature is too low, fattening pigs will crowd each other, feed intake will increase, not only a waste of feed, but also pig weight loss. When the temperature of preventing cold and heat is too low, the heat energy used to maintain body temperature increases and the daily gain decreases; when the temperature is too high, the appetite of pigs decreases, the metabolism increases and the feed utilization rate decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in preventing heat in summer, increase the amount of water to drink, feed warm food in winter, and build warm circles if necessary.

Light: the light in the fattening pig house should be dim so that the pig can have a full rest.

Ventilation: maintain good ventilation and adequate ventilation. Make the air fresh, reduce the concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, and avoid the occurrence of respiratory diseases such as serous pneumonia.

Feeding density

Reasonable feeding density can not only increase the income of initial construction investment, but also avoid the occurrence of pig tail biting disease and improve the weight gain rate. The feeding density of pigs can be adjusted with the change of season. For example, in cold winter, one or two more pigs can be stocked in each column, and one or two pigs can be reduced in hot summer, which can produce better results. Landrace pigs are aggressive and should not be too dense.

Deworming, lice, castration, epidemic prevention

Before fattening, pigs should generally carry out repellent in vivo, lice and scabies in vitro, and drugs such as Ascari and imidazole can be used to dispel parasites in vivo, and 2% trichlorfon solution and other drugs can be used to dispel parasites in vitro. After castration, the sexual organs stop developing, the sexual function stops, the pig performance is quiet, the appetite is enhanced, the assimilation is enhanced, the fat deposition capacity is increased, the daily gain can be increased by 7% to 10%, and the feed utilization rate is also improved. and the meat is delicate, delicious and has no peculiar smell. Deworming once before fattening period can improve weight gain and feed utilization rate. Carry out disease prevention work regularly according to certain immunization procedures, pay attention to epidemic surveillance, and find the disease in time.

Prevent overexercise and panic in fattening pigs

In the process of fattening, growing pigs should prevent excessive exercise, especially fierce struggle or chase. excessive exercise not only consumes energy in the body, but also makes pigs suffer from a stress syndrome, sudden spasms and stiff limbs. in severe cases, it can cause pig death.