Design Scheme of Modern Pig Farm

China has a long history of pig raising and rich resources for the development of pig industry, including pig breed resources, feed resources and the tradition of raising pigs in rural areas, but it is relatively backward in pig raising technology, and there are some problems, such as low labor productivity, low commodity rate and so on. In recent years, with the number of professional households in rural areas increasing year by year, the science and technology of pig industry is becoming more and more popular, and the professional pig industry is also gradually consolidated and prosperous.

Combined with the major and the experience of visiting pig farms, taking 1000 fat pigs per year as an example, a modern pig farm construction plan is drawn up and designed. According to the mechanized pig raising technology, this paper makes a preliminary discussion on the function of pig farm and the planning and design of production building, auxiliary building and mechanization of pig farm.

Planning and design basis

In a pig farm with an annual output of 1000 fattening pigs, it is necessary to raise 2 boars, 83 sows, 100 lactating piglets, 1000 nursing pigs and 370 mature pigs. The planning and design of mechanized pig raising is mainly based on the feeding technology. at present, the full-in-all-out feeding technology with weekly beat is generally adopted, and the design adopts early weaning (10-20 days old) isolation feeding.

Process features: early weaning (10-20 days old), isolated feeding is a new process for raising pigs. Early isolation weaning means that piglets are weaned within 10 ~ 20 days of age according to the diseases to be removed by themselves, and then the piglets are sent to a nursing house in a clean area 250m away from the delivery house, which is called two-point isolation breeding for early weaning (10 ~ 20 days old). The newly developed SEW feeding technology can increase the litter number of sows, cut off the ways for piglets to be infected by sows or other big pigs, and improve the health level of piglets.

Planning and design

1. Site selection is very important to pig farm production, and the following aspects should be considered:

① long-term planning. Nowadays, with the rapid development of society, the construction of urban and rural areas is changing with each passing day, and the pig industry is a long-term industry, so the construction of pig farms should conform to the development of the city. If it can become part of the urban vegetable basket project, the pig farm will be built in the livestock production base of urban planning. The embarrassment of demolition can be avoided. In order to isolate dust, smell and noise, the pig farm should be located in the downwind direction of the residential area, with a distance of more than 300m to 500m and not less than 100m to 200m from the main line of traffic, and there should be enough room for expansion.

The location of the ② pigsty. Piggery should sit north to south, according to the topography, latitude can also have a certain deflection, in order to facilitate sunny heating in winter and cool wind in summer. Modern mechanized pig farming adopts artificial climate control, which is not strict in orientation, and pays more attention to facilitate centralized management and realize mechanized production.

③ water, electricity, transportation and other factors. A 1000 mechanized pig farm has a daily water consumption of 16t, so a clean and stable water source must be considered first. The installed capacity of the pig farm is large, generally 30kW, and can not be power outage, once the power outage, pigs thirsty can not drink water, hot can not be ventilated and cooled, piglets can not be heated and kept warm, which will seriously affect production. Therefore, it is best to build pig farms in areas where the power grid is stable, and at the same time, they should also provide their own small generators in case of accidents. A 1000 pig farm has about 4 tons of feed, feces and live pigs going in and out every day. If the pig farm is built in a place with convenient transportation, the transportation cost can be reduced.

④ hygiene and epidemic prevention. In order to maintain good health and epidemic prevention conditions, the site should be located in a place with high terrain, open terrain and good ventilation, and at the same time, it should be far away from residential areas, medical institutions, slaughterhouses and other places.

⑤ fecal pollution treatment. The amount of manure in 1000 pig farms is very large, if it can not be treated timely and effectively, it will pollute the surrounding environment and cause ecological imbalance. Therefore, the choice of the site should be considered away from the drinking water source, while leaving room for sewage treatment. Manure treatment, combined with fish pond culture, fruit and vegetable cultivation and other crop production, can turn waste into treasure; manure can also be dried and sold as fertilizer.

2. Functional area planning

The overall layout of mechanized pig farms is mainly divided into several areas according to function from the point of view of three-dimensional health and epidemic prevention system and production management. generally, pig farms are divided into production buildings, production auxiliary buildings and production management buildings. Production buildings include childbirth pig sheds, breeding pig sheds, fattening houses and so on. Production auxiliary buildings include feed workshop, water tower, boiler room, warehouse, power distribution room, veterinary room, slaughtering room, pig loading table and so on. Production management building includes administrative office, dormitory and so on. The production management building should be separated from the production building, and the production auxiliary building should be separated from the production building as far as possible to control the epidemic, but the production auxiliary building should be arranged around the production building to facilitate production. In the terrain, the production building and production auxiliary building should be lower than the production management building, in the downwind direction; the veterinary room and manure storage tank should be lower than the production building, in the downwind direction.

Modern pig farms establish specialized pig houses according to different production links, such as breeding houses, childbirth houses, nursing homes and so on. The distance between pig houses is not less than 20m. The layout of the pig house should facilitate the turnover of the pig herd, and the last process should be such as the nursing house of the breeding farm and the commercial pig.

On the other hand, the fat pig house should consider convenient transportation to facilitate the outward transportation of products. There should be roads or corridors connecting each pig house to reduce the distance between water, electricity and heating lines so as to improve work efficiency. The breeding group and the commodity group in the pig farm should be separated, keep a certain distance of epidemic prevention between the two groups, and keep the breeding group downwind. The feed depot and pig loading platform should be located at the boundary of the production area to prevent off-site vehicles from entering the production area, which is conducive to epidemic prevention. The area should be afforested and trees should be planted to regulate the microclimate.

3. Architectural planning and design of production area

When carrying out the graphic design of the pig house, we should first calculate the number of pigs and the number of fences in each production period according to the process of mechanization process, and then carry out the graphic design. The following is to take the annual production of 1000 pigs as an example to calculate the number of pigs in each stage and the number of fences.

(1) the number of pigs in each production period. The lactation time is shortened by using the SEW feeding process, and the annual birth rate of each sow is increased by about 2.3litter / year (the general process is 2.1litter / year). The annual output of 1000 pigs is 1000 / 2.3litter / year / 10 / fetus / 90% / 95% / 40.85. 51 piglets (90% of which are piglets and 95% of piglets) are 10 sows less than the general feeding process. According to the calculation of 51 sows, 2 boars are needed in the whole field. The number of litters per week: 51 × 2.3births / year / 52 weeks = 2.256 births. That is, 2.256 sows are registered every week, 2.256 sows are born, and the number of litters per week is 2.256 × 10 / fetus = 22.56. Weekly listing of pigs: 22.56 × 90% × 95% of 19.29 pigs, take 19. There are 52 × 190988 pigs on the market in the whole year.

(2) number of fences

① boar pen. 2 columns, each column area is 5.04m2 (2.4m × 2.1m).

② single sow pen. The total number of sows in production-the number of sows in delivery house = 51-(3 weeks × 2.256 / week) = 44.2. considering the factors such as backup sows, 43 columns were selected, and the area of each column was 1.26m2 (2.1m × 0.6m).

③ delivery column. Pregnant sows entered the delivery column one week before delivery, and the delivery column was cleaned and disinfected 3 weeks before delivery and 1 week after delivery for a total of 5 weeks. Number of delivery lines = number of sows delivered per week × 5 × 2.256 × 5 × 11.3 columns, take 11 columns, each column area 4.07m2 (2.2m × 1.85m).

④ nursery bar. The newborn piglets entered the nursery, 2 litters were combined into one litter, the maintenance period was 6 weeks, and 1 week was cleaned and disinfected for 7 weeks. The number of care columns = the number of sows delivered per week / 2 × 7 × 2.256 / 2 × 7 × 7.896 columns, take 8 columns, each column area 8.1m2 (3m × 2.7m).

⑤ growth and breeding column. The growth column and breeding column are usually 2 nests and one column, which are reared for 6 weeks (clean for 1 week) and 11 weeks during the growing period. The number of care flocks = the number of sows per week / 2 × 6 × 2.256 / 2 × 6 × 6.768, the area of each column 16.2m2 (5m × 2.2563m). The number of breeding lines = the number of sows delivered per week / 2 × 11 × 2.256 / 2 × 11 / 12.4 columns, 13 columns, each column area 24m2 (5m × 4.8m).

4. Graphic design of all kinds of pig houses.

According to the number of pigsty, the graphic design of pigsty can be carried out. The main principles of graphic design of piggery are:

The width of ① piggery should mainly consider the ventilation and cooling in summer, so the piggery is generally designed according to two rows, with a width of 7.5m to 11m.

The length of ② pig house is convenient for sewage discharge, and the length of all kinds of pig house should not be too different, which is beneficial to make full use of the land. the general length of pig house is 60 to 100m. According to the above principles, all kinds of pig houses in a 1000 pig farm are as follows: 1 15m×7.5m, 1 15m×7.5m, 1 25m×7.5m, 1 10m×7.5m, 2 25m×7.5m, 2 25m×10.5m, 2 25m×7.5m, 1 25m×11m and 2 fattening houses (15m × 11m).

The graphic design of pig houses should pay attention to the following points: first, all pig houses had better be arranged according to the technological process, which is convenient for management and epidemic prevention; second, pig houses should sit north and face south, and sufficient sunlight can play the role of sterilization and heating in winter. if restricted by the terrain, the orientation can change from 5 °south by west to 15 °south by east. Third, from the point of view of ventilation and epidemic prevention, the interval between pig houses should be 2-2.5 times the height of pig houses, generally not less than 9m.

5. Planning and design of other buildings in the production area

Other buildings in the production area mainly include pig platform, manure table, biogas tank, feed room, veterinary room, personnel disinfection room, vehicle disinfection room and road, etc. The following points should be paid attention to in its planning and design:

It is best to have only one entrance and exit in the ① production area, with personnel disinfection, vehicle disinfection and duty room.

② pig platform and manure collection tank are placed outside the fence, and foreign pig and manure trucks do not have to enter the production area to operate.

③ foreign vehicles will transport the feed to the feed room, and then the vehicles in the production area will transport the feed to each pig house.

According to the road setting in the ④ production area, the roads in the use area can be roughly divided into sidewalks, feed roads and pig transport and manure transport roads.

The ⑤ isolated pig house should be far away from the production pig house and be in the perennial downwind or side wind direction.

⑥ water source and power supply should be close to each pigsty to facilitate use and reduce waste. At the same time, the water source should be protected by practical measures to avoid pollution, and the power supply should be used safely.

⑦ fecal sewage treatment should be unified planning, combined with the actual conditions, make full use of. And pay attention to the separation of sewage from Rain Water to reduce the amount of sewage treatment.

6. Building planning of office and living area

The design of the office and living area should be far away from the production area and placed in a superior position. The planning of the office area should be convenient for management, especially for the disinfection management of foreign personnel and vehicles.