Feeding and management techniques of lactating sows

Lactating sows not only maintain their own consumption, but also produce 5 kg ~ 8 kg milk every day. If the feeding management is improper and the nutrient supply is insufficient, it will directly affect the milk yield of sows, the survival rate of piglets, the weaning weight of piglets, as well as the normal estrus and mating of sows after weaning. Therefore, strengthening the feeding and management of lactating sows is an important link to improve the economic benefits of raising pigs.

Nutritional needs

1. Daily feed intake

Sows weighing 180 kg ~ 200 kg should be fed with not less than 5.5 kg ~ 6 kg compound feed per day during peak lactation when there is no green feed. The digestible energy in diet should not be lower than 12.55MJ.

2. Crude protein

Dietary crude protein should not be less than 15%, and it is best to include a small amount of animal feed, such as fish meal.

3. Minerals and vitamins

The sow excretes 12 ~ 16 grams of calcium and 9 ~ 10 grams of phosphorus with the milk every day, coupled with the calcium and phosphorus needed by the sow itself for normal metabolism, so there should be 0.9% 1% calcium and 0.7% 0.8% phosphorus per kilogram in the feed of lactating sows. Vitamin feed is very beneficial to promote the lactation of sows and the development of piglets. Almost all kinds of vitamins needed for the growth and development of piglets are taken from breast milk. If sows lack vitamin A, it will cause a decline in milk yield and milk quality. Vitamin D deficiency causes postpartum paralysis in sows.

4. Ensure adequate drinking water.

Milk yield of lactating sows and its influencing factors

1. Lactation quantity

The 60-day milk yield of sows is 300 kg ~ 400 kg for local piglets and 600 kg for large pig breeds and imported lean meat breeds such as large Yorkshire and Landrace.

2. Milking times and intervals

The sow lactation time is shorter, the interval time is longer, the early stage is better than the later stage, and the day is better than the night. The longest lactation time was 46.75 seconds on the day of delivery, 22 seconds on the third day, and then became shorter gradually, only 11.1 seconds on the day before weaning (60 days). The interval between lactation and lactation increased gradually with the prolongation of lactation period. The interval was 45-60 minutes before 40 days, and 60-80 minutes in 40-60 days.

3. Influencing factors

There is a great relationship between milk yield and body weight of pigs. the milk yield of large sows is high, while that of miniature sows or fat pigs with low litter size is low. Hybrid sows showed strong heterosis in milk yield. Adjusting the postpartum litter size of sows to make them occupy all the effective nipples can fully explore the lactation potential of sows and increase the yield of milk. The milk yield of sows with mastitis decreased significantly, even without milk. The causes of mastitis: first, prenatal weight reduction is not timely, especially green succulent feed, and postpartum feeding is too urgent, especially high-protein, multi-moisture feed. Second, too many babies, uncut teeth, nipple bites when fighting for nipples, so that sows pain, do not allow piglets to breast-feed, resulting in breast inflammation. Third, environment and disease.

Key points of feeding and management

1. Master the amount of material input

Sows should not be fed too much immediately after parturition, and the feeding amount should be increased gradually after 3 ~ 5 days. At 1 week after delivery, sows can be fed freely and their intake and digestion are normal. Under the condition of 35 days weaning, the daily feeding amount of 10 ~ 20 days postpartum should be 4.5 kg ~ 5 kg, the peak lactation period of 20 ~ 30 days sows should be 5.5 kg ~ 6 kg, and that of 30 ~ 35 days should be gradually reduced to about 5 kg. After weaning, diet should be reduced according to fat condition. If weaning for 50 days, emphasis should be placed on feeding before 40 days after delivery, and the amount of feeding should be reduced after 40 days.

2. Feeding times

During lactation, it is best to always prepare materials and water, so that sows can eat and drink as much as they like. If a meal is adopted, it should be fed four times a day at evenly spaced intervals, and the last time at night should be at 00:00 at 22 ∶ at the earliest.

3. Drinking water and throwing green materials

If the raw dry material is fed, the drinking fountain should ensure the amount of water output and the speed of water output. Lactation sows had better be fed with raw wet feed (feed ∶ water = 1 ∶ 0.5-0.7). In addition to full-price formula feed, some green fodder such as beet, carrots, pumpkins, cabbages and legumes can be given, which is very effective in increasing milk yield and improving milk quality.

4. Feed structure

The feed for lactating sows should have a high level of energy and protein, and the feed should be varied, palatable and easy to digest. In addition to plant protein feed, it is best to have some animal protein feed, such as fish meal and so on. In addition, the feed structure of sows during lactation should be relatively stable, do not change frequently or abruptly change feed varieties, and do not feed moldy and deteriorated feed, so as to avoid piglet diarrhea caused by milk quality change of sows.

5. Piggery environment

Keeping a clean, dry, quiet and comfortable environment with good ventilation and sufficient sunlight is beneficial to improve the lactation ability of sows. Prevent cold and heat preservation in winter to prevent the attack of thieves. It is necessary to prevent the pigsty from getting too wet. Pig pens and aisles must be disinfected with non-toxic and side-effect disinfectant spray every 2 ~ 3 days.

6. Exercise

Sows should be allowed to lead piglets on the playground. This can increase the milk yield of sows, improve milk quality and promote the development of piglets.

7. Protect breasts and nipples

For first-born sows, it is necessary to ensure that all nipples can be used evenly, otherwise there will be uneven breast development and less milk production. If there are too few piglets, you can adopt the way of nesting together. If there is no nesting condition, it can be taken to let a piglet eat several nipples, especially the nipples at the back of the sow, to let the piglets suck to avoid atrophy. At the same time, keep the breasts clean and prevent pollution.

Treatment of lactation sows

It is necessary to analyze the causes of milk deficiency and treat them differently. Due to improper feeding during pregnancy, poor body condition, emaciation and no milk, the feed with high energy and protein content should be strengthened, and high quality fish meal and other protein feed should be added to the feed composition. For the fat sows without milk, the amount of feed should be properly controlled and more green fodder should be fed. At the same time with some lactation drugs, such as prolactin tablets, mothersheng and so on.