Efficient pig raising technology in rural areas

In recent years, with the increasing abundance of feed sources, the rural pig industry has developed greatly, the number of pigs has increased rapidly, and the breed quality has been significantly improved. In the past, the way of raising pigs based on "green and coarse feed, properly matched with concentrate" has been basically changed, and pig raising in rural areas is developing in the direction of scientific feeding. The use of scientific feeding method can make rational use of feed, improve feed conversion rate, and make pigs gain more weight and get out of the pen quickly.

Raw and cooked feed

In rural areas, many pig farmers have the habit of feeding cooked food to pigs, thinking that cooked food can reduce feed volume, soften crude fiber, pigs can eat more, and can improve digestibility. According to the experiment, there is a difference between raw feeding and cooked feeding according to different types of feed. Roughage type of diet cooked feeding is better than raw feeding. The digestibility of dry matter and carbohydrate was also higher in the clinker group, and there was no significant difference in the digestibility of protein and crude fiber between the raw meal group and the clinker group. Green and concentrate type diets should generally be fed raw. After the green feed is cooked, most of the protein and vitamins are destroyed, and the cooked concentrate generally loses 10%, 15% of the nutrients. The average daily gain of pigs fed with concentrate was about 10% higher than that of pigs fed with clinker, and each increase of 1kg gross weight could save 0.2-0.3kg of concentrate. There was no difference in dry matter digestibility between raw feeding and cooked feeding, but the digestibility of protein in raw feeding was higher than that in cooked feeding. In addition, feeding raw materials to pigs can also save a lot of labor and fuel. However, some toxic or easily contaminated feeds, such as soybeans and bean cakes in soybean seeds, contain a kind of antitrypsin, which hinders the decomposition of legume protein by trypsin in pigs, so it is not suitable for raw feeding and needs to be fed after high temperature treatment.

Thin feeding and thick feeding

Due to the high water content, thin feeding can reduce the secretion of digestive juice, accelerate gastric emptying and shorten the stay time of feed in the stomach, which is bound to reduce the digestibility of feed. Thick feeding, especially raw dry feeding and raw wet feeding, can strengthen the masticatory function of pigs, promote digestive juice secretion, prolong the time of feed staying in the stomach and improve the digestibility of nutrients, so heavy feeding is advocated. The dry and wet degree of dry feed mixed with water or dry feed mixed with green feed pulp should be squeezed together and dispersed.

Multiple meals and small meals

The number of meals must be determined according to the type, age, season and feed nature of pigs, and cannot be generalized. Suckling piglets have small stomach volume and weak digestion, which are mainly induced to eat from the age of 7 days, but there is no limit to the number of meals; from the age of 20 days to weaning, they can be fed more than 6 meals a day; the digestive function of newly weaned piglets is in a growing stage, which can be fed 4 times a day; sows with piglets and sows in late pregnancy need more nutrients and can be fed 4 meals a day; shelf pigs, big meat pigs, empty pregnant sows and boars can be fed 2 meals a day. The summer weather is hot, the days are long and the nights are short, and the pig's activity time is also long. One or two meals can be fed as appropriate to prevent hunger and replenishing water. If the winter is cold and the days are short and the nights are long, the first meal should be fed early in the morning and late in the evening, with an appropriate interval of 2 meals. And a thick meal at night to prevent hunger and keep out the cold.

Regular feeding

Pigs should never be fed late today and early tomorrow. They should be fed at a fixed time every day. This will make pigs develop a habit, want to eat when it comes to time, and regularly secrete digestive juice, eat particularly fragrant, but also easy to digest, not easy to have gastrointestinal diseases. If the feeding time is not fixed, disrupting the pig's law of life, it is easy to cause digestive disorders, leading to gastrointestinal disease in pigs, for a long time, pigs will lose weight, growth retardation.

Ration feeding

Feeding pigs with a hungry meal and a full meal will cause indigestion and slow weight gain. Therefore, when finding out the approximate feed intake of the pig, it should be sure of the amount of feed in the body. However, the food intake of the same group or even the same pig is often different due to climatic conditions, feed palatability, feeding technology and so on. After the breeders have mastered the feed intake of pigs, they should also flexibly control the amount of feed according to the nutritional status, feed and appetite of pigs. Generally speaking, there is no food left in the trough after feeding, and it is appropriate for pigs not to lick the trough. If there is leftover food in the trough, you can reduce it next time; if you don't eat enough, you can feed more next time. Generally speaking, the appetite of pigs is the most prosperous in the evening, the second in the morning, and the worst at noon. The amount of feed in a day should be distributed roughly according to this law, so that pigs can always maintain a strong appetite.

Qualitative feeding

The feed of pigs had better choose the formula feed prepared by regular feed factory according to the feeding standards of pigs at different growth and development stages. If the farm is self-made, the digestible energy level and protein level of the mixture should be determined according to the pig feeding standard, and the variety and proportion of each ingredient should not change too much.

Constant temperature feeding

When pigs eat, the temperature of feed also has a great relationship with the health and weight gain of pigs. Spring, summer and autumn are generally fed at room temperature, and hot water should be used to prepare feed and warm water as appropriate in winter. If the eating temperature is too low, the pig needs to consume a lot of body heat to raise the feed to the same level as the body temperature, and the body heat is supplemented by the heat produced after the oxidation of the nutrients in the feed, which virtually wastes a lot of feed. pregnant sows may also cause miscarriage and gastroenteritis. Healthy pigs have the habit of grabbing food when eating, so when feeding pigs, do not feed very hot hot food, otherwise it is easy to burn the oral mucosa and even esophagus of pigs. Long-term feeding of hot food will also cause depilation and hinder the development of pigs.