Techniques of raising pigs with forage grass

Using high-quality forage to raise pigs can not only reduce the feed cost, but also increase the lean percentage of pork, and greatly improve the economic benefits of raising pigs. The main high-quality forage grasses suitable for raising pigs are: grain amaranth, Russian fodder vegetables, bitter cabbage, winter mu 70 ryegrass, chicory, alfalfa, white clover and so on.

Recommend the economic value of raising pigs

1. Nutritional advantages: the kinds of vitamins and trace elements in the planted forage grass are various and rich, and the protein content is high, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of livestock and poultry.

2. Yield advantage: the annual fresh grass yield of high-yield forage grass can reach 10-15000 kg per mu. According to 14% dry calculation, the annual dry matter quality can reach 1400-2000 kg, which is higher than that of crops.

3. Palatability advantage: when feeding sows with forage grass, some feed materials with poor palatability but low price can be used in the diet, which can not only reduce the feed cost, but also do not affect the feed intake of sows; sows fed with appropriate amount of green feed during pregnancy can increase litter size and weaning survival.

4. advantages of digestion and excretion: crude fiber in forage grass can reduce the eccentric behavior of pigs, effectively prevent the occurrence of gastric ulcer, edema disease and diarrhea, increase the weight of digestive tract and internal organs, and protect the health of pigs. Feeding pigs with forage grass can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis of pigs and act as a cleaning agent for fecal excretion.

5. Ecological advantages: it is recommended to raise pigs, which can not only alleviate the problem of fecal pollution treatment, but also provide high-quality green feed for pigs.

6. advantages of cooling and heat prevention: feeding forage grass in summer can reduce the stress of pigs to heat; planting forage grass in the open space of pig farms can reduce the effect of high temperature on the growth and development of pigs and reduce the production cost increased by cooling measures such as electric fans.

Recommend the feasibility of raising pigs

Pigs are omnivores and have a strong ability to feed and use forage grass, especially the local fine pig breeds in China have a very outstanding ability to use forage grass. The nutrients in forage grass can be fully digested and absorbed by pigs with high nutritional value. The experiment and production practice show that pigs fed with green feed all the year round can get the effect of "replenishing essence with green, reducing cost and increasing efficiency". Feeding sows with high-quality forage grass can meet nutritional needs, increase litter size, and feed fattening pigs can improve meat quality.

From the composition of the food chain of "pig-forage grass", it is recommended that raising pigs is feasible. According to the nutritional needs of pigs and the utilization ability of forage grass, without affecting the normal growth of pigs, fattening pigs can be fed with forage fresh weight of 5kg / day and sows can be fed with 10kg / kg. Generally, the yield of fresh grass is about 10 ~ 15000 kg per mu, and the fresh grass harvested by planting 1 mu of forage grass can meet the feeding amount of 20 finishing pigs or 10 sows.

From the perspective of income, it is feasible to recommend raising pigs. Under the current production and technical conditions, the feed reward for fattening pigs is generally 3:1. It takes about 300kg concentrate to raise a 100kg finishing pig. According to the current feed price, the cost is about 780yuan. After feeding forage instead of part of the concentrate, the concentrate feed can be saved by 20kg and 30kg, and the feed cost can be reduced by 50kg. If sows are fed with forage, the proportion of sows is higher, more concentrate feed can be saved, and the production cost can be reduced by a greater extent.

In places where the supply of concentrate raw materials is tight or the concentrate is insufficient, it is recommended that raising pigs is a better method. In addition to using cultivated land to recommend raising pigs, farmers can also make full use of idle land such as fields and abandoned land to plant high-quality forage grass to develop pig breeding.

Recommend the utilization of forage grass in pig breeding

It is recommended that the appropriate forage species should be selected for raising pigs, and the way of raising pigs should be determined according to the seasons. In summer and autumn, direct feeding of fresh grass is recommended as the main way of forage utilization for pig raising, and high quality grass powder or beaten silage forage is used as mixed feed in winter and spring.

1. Fresh feeding method of forage grass: the planting time of forage grass is selected in spring and summer, and succulent forage grasses such as grain amaranth, aggregate grass and chicory are planted. The addition of fresh grass accounts for 15%-30% of the diet, with 1 mu of forage grass for every 10 pigs.

2. The utilization mode of adding forage meal to concentrate feed: the planting varieties are alfalfa, Mexican corn, Gaodan grass, etc., fresh grass can be used in summer and autumn, and it can be added to the diet in the form of grass powder in winter and spring. The amount of forage powder accounts for 8% to 15% of the diet, and 0.5 mu of alfalfa is planted for every 10 pigs.

3. The utilization mode of mixing silage with concentrate feed by beating or cutting off forage grass: as long as there is a surplus in the direct use of forage grass in the current season, silage can be beaten or cut off to make silage. In other seasons when there is a lack of green feed, the specific amount of dietary addition can be determined according to pig breeds, growth stages and physiological conditions.

Forage varieties suitable for raising pigs

European chicory, cross-leaf pine vanilla, sowthistle, American grain amaranth, Rumex kmur1, alfalfa, Mexican corn, Gaodan grass, red bean grass and other forages have relatively comprehensive nutritional compositions. According to dry matter, the crude protein content is higher, generally more than 12%, the highest can reach 30%, and the amino acids are complete and the utilization rate is high, which can make up for the shortcomings of incomplete protein and amino acids in cereal feed. It is also rich in vitamins and inorganic salts, low crude fiber content, easy digestion, good palatability, high land yield per unit area, low production cost and a wide range of sources.

Pig raising is recommended in the form of planting broad-leaved forage grass, combined with the use of sweet potato vines, carrots and other agricultural by-products.

Pigs are monogastric animals and have low utilization ability of crude fiber. It is recommended to choose broad-leaved forage varieties such as chicory, cross-leaf pine vanilla, Russian fodder, Ixeris angustifolia and so on. The first three are perennial forage, and the utilization period of fresh grass is from March to November. Ixeris angustifolia is an annual forage, and the utilization period of fresh grass is from March to August. In order to make up for the lack of green feed in winter, rational use of agricultural by-products, with the cultivation of sweet potatoes, big root vegetables, carrots, green vegetables and so on. The following two models are often used in stubble arrangement:

1. Interplanting perennial forage and green vegetables

Greengrocery is selected as the variety of Qianfotou with great individual growth potential. In March, chicory seedlings were planted with row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. After cutting chicory in the first ten days of November, green vegetables were transplanted in the open row with a distance of 15 cm. From January to March of the following year, the vegetable leaves were picked and fed to pigs by peeling leaves. In early April, all the green vegetables were harvested and chicory was allowed to grow alone. Using cross-leaf pine vanilla or Russian forage vegetables instead of chicory, the method is similar to that of green vegetables, but the row spacing should be allocated reasonably and corresponding management measures should be taken according to the characteristics of these two kinds of forage.

2. Rotation of Ixeris angustifolia, sweet potato and green vegetables

Sowing Ixeris angustifolia in March, planting sweet potato seedlings in ridge after clearing stubble at the end of June, transplanting green vegetables after sweet potato harvest in November, and then planting Ixeris angustifolia after harvest at the end of March of the following year. Use as many kinds of green fodder as possible when feeding. The total amount of green feed accounts for about 30% of the diet, 15-30 kg of pigs are fed with 3-5 kg of green feed, and pigs of more than 30 kg are fed with 6-10 kg of green feed.

The raising of pigs

Piglet (7kg--20kg) stage: it is necessary to fully supply some high-quality and nutritious formula feed for piglets, and according to the principle of satiety, the protein content in the feed should reach more than 18%, and the Ca content should reach 0.8% Mele 0.99%. At the same time, a small amount of fresh stems and leaves of forage grass should be properly fed. Do not feed too much, the daily feeding amount should be 1kg--2kg, and the maximum should not exceed 3kg. Generally, fresh grass should be fed half an hour before feeding.

Medium pig (20kg--60kg) stage: this stage is the most critical period to increase lean meat percentage, and it is also an important period for saving concentrate feed through high-quality forage to reduce pig raising cost. at this time, concentrate with high protein content can be fed less, while high-quality forage can be added to supplement the lack of protein and calcium in concentrate, as well as vitamins and minerals. 4kg--6kg fresh grass or 15% of fine grass powder are generally fed daily. (concentrate preparation: 70% corn, 20% wheat bran, 10% concentrated feed or bean cake). The daily feed volume of concentrate is 1kg--1.25kg. Fresh grass is usually fed half an hour before concentrate feed, twice a day.

Pigs have enhanced digestion and utilization of crude fiber, greatly improved stress resistance, adaptability, and fast weight gain. At this time, corn accounts for 80% and wheat bran accounts for 20%. There is no need to add any concentrated feed, feed 6kg--8kg about fresh grass or 20% of concentrate grass powder every day, concentrate 1.5kg--2kg every day, feed fresh grass half an hour before concentrate feed, twice a day. Half a month before the hurdle, feed 2kg--3kg fresh grass, about 90% corn and 10% wheat bran mixture of 2.8kg every day.

Breeding of sows

Empty stage: if the sow is too thin, more concentrate should be added. In general, sows are fed with 0.5kg--1kg concentrate every day, 8kg--10kg fresh grass or 20% Murray 30% corn + 10% wheat bran and 60% Murray 70% hay powder mixed feed.

80 days after pregnancy, the utilization rate of various nutrients in feed is high, coupled with the slow growth and development of embryos, it is the best time to save concentrate, and the feeding method is the same as that of empty stage.

From 80 days of pregnancy to about 35 days of litter birth, sows should properly increase energy and protein, supplement calcium, add 20g bone meal or 50g fish meal every day, raise concentrate from 0.5kg--1kg/ day to 1kg--1.5kg day, and adjust high quality forage to 5kg--6kg/ day. During the lactation stage, the amount of concentrate is increased and calcium is properly supplemented. In general, the concentrate is fed with 60% corn + 30% wheat bran + 10% sow concentrate feed or with 50% corn + 30% wheat bran + 18% soybean cake + 2% bone meal. The concentrate dosage is 2.5kg--3kg days, plus fresh grass from 8kg--10kg.

The forage grass fed to pigs generally does not need to be chopped or beaten, but can be fed directly. However, some forage grasses have poor palatability, such as cross-leaf pine vanilla, sweet clover and so on, which can be chopped or beaten and mixed into concentrate feed.