The influence of environment on poultry

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the production scale of poultry breeding industry and the continuous updating of breeding technology, many breeding concepts that have not been mentioned have been put forward in recent years, including whether environmental factors will affect the output of poultry breeding industry. It has long been reported that massage can promote muscle growth and improve meat quality, and the price of such cattle can be several times higher than that of ordinary cattle. Taking chicken farming as an example, the following lists the impact of the environment on poultry and how to control the breeding environment.

I. the impact of the environment on poultry

The main effects of environment on poultry are temperature, humidity, light, breeding density and other related factors, which are as important as people's mood. Maintain a good mood, people will be positive and healthy, with a good environment, the output of poultry can be guaranteed.

1. Temperature

Temperature is the environmental factor that has the greatest impact on poultry, which can affect the growth rate, feed utilization rate, egg production and other indexes of chickens. For young birds, due to the imperfect thermoregulation function, they can not provide enough heat for themselves. if the temperature is too low, it will have a significant and lasting effect on the feeding and development of young birds. The ambient temperature suitable for adult poultry is usually 18-31 ℃. Too low temperature will adversely affect the production of poultry, resulting in feed waste and even respiratory diseases. Too high temperature will cause poultry to be unable to dissipate heat to the surrounding environment, resulting in excessive temperature in poultry body, resulting in poultry malaise and even death from heatstroke. When the temperature exceeds 39 ℃, it will even cause large-scale death of poultry, resulting in heavy losses. In recent years, the influence of temperature difference has been paid more and more attention: excessive temperature difference in the house can not only cause the disease of poultry, but also aggravate the disease of sick poultry, reduce the effect of treatment, and even lead to secondary infection of other diseases.

two。 Humidity

The suitable humidity range for poultry is / 40% / 72%, and the best relative humidity is 60% / 65%. Humidity has an effect on poultry mainly through synergistic effect with temperature. At low temperature, excessive humidity will aggravate the effect of cold, making chickens feel colder and cause cold stress, while humidity at high temperature can significantly affect the thermoregulation of poultry and inhibit the evaporation and heat dissipation of poultry. Lin et al showed that high humidity at 35 ℃ significantly increased the abdominal and dorsal skin temperature and rectal temperature of broilers. Other studies have also found that high humidity rapidly reduces poultry production performance at high temperatures. If the environmental humidity is high, it is easy to cause poultry feather adhesion, high fecal water content, wet bedding, excessive reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, coccidiosis, colibacillosis and so on. When the humidity is too low, the dust in the poultry house is caused by dry air, which will damage the respiratory tract of poultry, and then infect respiratory diseases, such as influenza, Newcastle disease and so on.

3. Light

Light can stimulate the gonad and affect the hormone level in poultry, which can effectively control the sexual maturity of poultry. The good production performance of poultry is inseparable from suitable light. Light intensity and light duration have the greatest impact on poultry. If the light time is too short, the sexual maturity of poultry will be delayed, and if the time is too long, the sexual maturity will be advanced. In order to stimulate the appetite of poultry, promote growth and improve the laying rate, we can appropriately prolong the light time and increase the light intensity. According to the study, when the light time increased by 1 hour in the initial 21-day-old, the feed intake of meat and poultry increased by about 15g. However, light also has some negative effects on poultry. Wang Cuiju's study found that light can affect the quality of eggs by affecting the shape of chicken fallopian tubes.

4. Feeding density

Feeding density can have an impact on the environment in the chicken house, such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, dust, etc., as well as the diet, activity and rest of chickens. It was found that the feeding density of caged Guinean pearl laying hens was negatively correlated with feed intake, daily egg production rate and daily egg weight, and the average feed conversion rate and mortality in the high density group were also higher than those in the low density group. With the expansion of breeding scale, in order to pursue high profits, many farms increase breeding density on blind days, but do not increase poultry feed level and water level, which leads to the differentiation of poultry flocks, serious grazing, increased mortality and elimination rate, and decline in egg laying performance. At the same time, the density is too high, the feces increase, the air in the house is dirty and moist, and the content of pathogenic microorganisms in the cushion exceeds the standard, which leads to various diseases. An important reason for the rapid epidemic of bird flu in Asian countries is the narrow environment of chicken cages and the high density of chickens in large-scale intensive chicken farms.

5. Other effects

During the breeding process, noise from ventilation, cleaning equipment, heating equipment, operation of breeders and cars on nearby roads can adversely affect the health of poultry. When the plane hovered over the chicken farm, due to the stimulation of the strong noise of the plane, the chickens appeared panic, fried flocks, collided with chicken cages, stopped water and food, and so on. And aircraft noise will also reduce the number of laying hens and increase the number of soft-shell and broken-shell eggs. The research of Pan Qi and others also shows that the noise environment not only reduces the laying rate and egg quality of laying hens, but also affects the fertilization rate of breeding eggs.

II. Control of culture environment

The site selection of breeding farm is closely related to the prevention and control of epidemic disease. according to the mode of operation and management and the characteristics of production, attention should be paid to the comprehensive consideration of local natural conditions such as topography, soil, water source, climate, air and social environment, such as traffic, energy, nearby factories and residents. it is suitable to be built in the outer suburbs of cities far away from towns and villages, far away from drinking water sources, and more than 500m away from roads, railways and other major transportation lines. Choose a high-lying, sunny and leeward place. In the layout, a fence should be built around the farm, an epidemic prevention ditch should be set up outside the fence, a disinfection pool should be set up for the population, and the feeding area should be separated from the office area, and 100m should be set up between the breeding area and other facilities and equipment areas. the isolation facilities should be effectively isolated to avoid cross-infection.

As a necessary working procedure, the disinfection work of the farm should be carried out strictly. Vehicles and personnel are required to carry out strict and effective disinfection before entering and leaving the production area. Disinfected personnel must change into overalls, shoes and hats before entering the production area. Usually do a good job of environmental hygiene disinfection, often use high-pressure water gun for flushing, and use disinfectant 2 or 3 times a month for disinfection, regularly kill mosquitoes, flies and rats, and pets are prohibited in the field. It is necessary to strengthen the hygienic quality inspection of feed and water sources to ensure cleanliness and ventilation in poultry houses. Reasonable treatment of fecal and urinary dirt to reduce environmental pollution. In addition, it can purify the air by greening the environment, reduce the particulate pollutants and microorganisms in the air, and reduce noise.

The influence of environment on poultry can not be ignored. today, when people pursue quality more and more, only when they surpass similar products in quality, can they hope to stand out in the market competition and obtain greater economic benefits.