Ecological planting and breeding techniques of Rice and Duck

Rice-duck co-breeding refers to putting ducklings that have just come out of their shells for about 10 days into rice fields. Ducks will eat weeds and pests in rice fields. At the same time, duck movement will also stimulate rice growth and increase oxygen content in water. Duck manure can also be used as fertilizer. Rice fields also provide ducks with adequate water and food, as well as places for daily activities. Such a system in which rice and ducks promote each other is called rice-duck co-breeding. So what are the main points of rice-duck co-breeding technology? What are the points for attention? Today, the pro-agriculture network will introduce to you how to realize the ecological planting and breeding technology of rice and duck co-breeding.

I. selection and breeding of duck breeds

First of all, Ji'an red-haired duck or mountain sesame duck suitable for inter-rice stocking should be selected, both of which are small and medium-sized individuals, which have the advantages of flexible passage, large food intake, rough feeding tolerance, low cost, strong stress resistance and strong adaptability. The male duck grows fast and the meat is fresh and tender, and the female duck has a high laying rate. Secondly, ducklings should be reared well. Due to the low temperature in early spring, attention should be paid to preventing cold and keeping warm. At the same time, a small amount of soaked broken rice, chopped corn and fine wheat bran should be fed, and appropriate amounts of vitamins and protein should be supplemented. Generally, some shallow containers are placed in the feeding room (shed), which are filled with clear water to provide ducklings to play and exercise, so as to improve their adaptability to water. At the age of 20-25 days, each animal weighs about 150g and can be put into the paddy field.

Second, stocking time

Grasp the opportunity according to the growth of rice: generally, the seedlings turn green and the ducks are released at the beginning of tillering. But to be flexible according to the season, ducklings can be smaller when the temperature is high in summer and autumn, and larger when the temperature is low in early spring or late autumn.

Stop releasing ducks after heading and blooming, so as not to hurt the rice. At this time, if the main wing feathers of ducks are above 3cm, they can be sold on the market, and if they are under the age of sale, they can be transferred to rivers and lakes for grazing. Judging from the local actual situation, in addition to the fixed release of ducks in rice fields during the rice growing period, ducks can also be released in stubble fields after grass seeds, spring flowers and late rice harvest.

3. Stocking density

The stocking density of ducks among rice bushes is generally 1800.225 pieces per square meter, and it is best to take about 500 ducks as a group, which is not only beneficial to avoid duck densities and trampling on early rice seedlings, but also can be distributed to every corner of rice in the delineated area to find food. to achieve the goal of uniform control of field pests and weeds. When raising ducklings, it is best to raise 3 ducklings and 4 other ducklings aged 1 or 2 weeks in the herd, so that they can give an early warning when they encounter a foreign enemy and take the lead when they return from the wind and rain. In order to enhance the disease resistance of ducklings, each duck should be injected with duck plague, duck viral hepatitis and other vaccines before stocking.

IV. Fertilizer and water management

Duck belongs to waterfowl. During the foraging activity between rice, the water layer on the surface of the field should be shallow, so that the duck foot can step on the water layer of the topsoil, so that the duck foot can step on the mud to muddy the field water, play a role in loosening the soil and promoting the growth and development of rice roots and tillers. In addition, the need for rice drying can be solved by putting the fields in pieces, that is, in a rice field, half of the rice fields keep the water layer and drive the ducks in, while the other half drains and shelves the fields until the requirements are met. Or drive the ducks into the rivers and ponds near the fields for 3-4 days. In order not to affect the foraging growth of ducks among rice, it is best to apply sufficient fertilizer at one time before transplanting rice, mainly by applying rotten long-acting organic fertilizer (750 kg / ha of withered cake) and compound fertilizer (225 kg / ha). Topdressing is replaced by duck excreta and duckweed rotten back to the field.

V. Prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds

The control of rice pests mainly depends on ducks, but rice blast, sheath blight, rice leaf curl and other diseases must be controlled by efficient pesticides. It is suggested that low toxicity, high efficiency and low residue pesticides should be used to control rice diseases and insect pests. During spraying, ducks should be harvested and left the field in time, and ducks should be released after safe intervals. Where there are conditions, it is best to use biological pesticides for control, biological pesticides are not toxic to rice and ducks, but also meet the technical requirements of A-grade green rice production. In addition, a trapping lamp can be set up between about 4 hectares of rice (it is better not to grow crops around 5 meters under the lamp) to trap and kill moth pests. As ducks continue to trample among the rice, weeds are obviously reduced.

VI. Feeding and management of ducks

In order to improve the survival rate of ducks, prevent the invasion of natural enemies at night, especially man-made theft, and facilitate the management of ducks when they are transferred to grazing, ducks should be raised in the hands of a small number of professional households who know how to raise ducks, drive the ducks into the field on an empty stomach every morning, and return the ducks to the duck shed in the evening. Collect the duck and go home in the evening, and then feed some supplementary feed such as chopped rice and rice bran. The feeding ability of ducklings that have just been stocked for about 10 days is poor, so some digestible and nutritious auxiliary feed should be added sooner or later to meet the needs of early growth and development of ducks. The amount of input should be determined according to the number of weeds and small aquatic animals in the rice field. This management model can not only reduce the investment of purse seine, pole and simple duck shed in rice fields, but also improve the safety of duck farming, especially the economies of scale of duck farmers.

seven。 Matters needing attention

1. It is recommended to use low toxicity, high efficiency and low residue pesticides to control rice diseases and insect pests and avoid using pesticides as far as possible.

two。 When building a duck house in the field, consideration should be given to preventing rodent damage.

3. During the period of pesticide application in the paddy field, the ducks should be harvested in time and released after the safe interval. During the safe interval of pesticide application in rice field, duck drinking water should be separated from rice field water to prevent duck poisoning and contamination of duck products.

4. Ducks cannot be raised in places where duck plague or infectious ducks have occurred, as well as water surfaces and rice fields contaminated with mineral oil.

VIII. Prevention and control of epidemic diseases

Raising ducks in rice fields is open breeding, which is easy to infect and spread epidemic diseases, so great attention should be paid to duck epidemic prevention.

1. Duck plague

Meat ducks were injected with chicken embryo attenuated vaccine 0.2ml / feather at the age of 7 days. Antibodies were produced after 7 days, and the meat ducks were protected until they were on the market.

two。 Duck viral hepatitis

The ducklings were injected subcutaneously with chicken embryo attenuated vaccine at the age of 1 ~ 3 days. The antibody was produced after 2 days and reached a high level after 5 days.

3. Duck cholera

Duck cholera vaccine is Pasteurella multocida vaccine, such as 731 attenuated vaccine, inoculated with ducks over 2 days old, the immunization period is three and a half months. Aluminum hydroxide vaccine of fowl cholera was used in ducks over 2 months old, intramuscularly injected 2 ml per duck, once again at intervals of 10 days, and the immunization period was 3 months. Avian cholera oil emulsion inactivated vaccine was used in ducks over 2 months old, 1 ml per duck was injected subcutaneously, and the immune period was 6 months. It has been reported that a vaccine made from duck Pasteurella multocida A, injected intramuscularly at 2 ml per mouse, can produce 4Mel immunity for 5 months.

The above is the more detailed introduction of rice-duck co-breeding technology brought by pro-agricultural network. Rice-duck co-breeding can not only solve the harm of weeds during direct seeding rice to a certain extent, but also prevent rice from lodging in the later stage to a certain extent. therefore, this technology is developing rapidly in China, but the technology is still not very mature, such as the physical and chemical properties of soil and the biodiversity of paddy field. Farmers can combine the local characteristics, make full use of the ecological structure of rice fields, and then add biological rings to expand their income.