How do lemon trees reproduce? Propagation method and seedling raising technology of lemon tree

The methods of lemon reproduction are divided into two categories: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction comes from seed sowing, which is also called seedling. Asexual reproduction comes from part of the vegetative organs of lemon, also known as vegetative reproduction, there are grafting, cutting, striping, tissue culture and other methods, of which grafting reproduction is the most common, let's take a look at lemon tree reproduction technology!

Seed propagation of lemon tree

The lemon plant with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests was selected as the seed mother tree. The lemon fruit was picked when the fruit was fully ripe from November to December, and the fruit was cut open after a few days. The seeds were rinsed and sowed immediately, or preserved in the fruit. The dry seeds should not be stored for a long time in spring, and the fresh seeds could germinate in only 7 days under the condition of 15-25 ℃.

Cutting propagation of lemon tree

Lemon cuttage is very easy to survive. In late May, the healthy spring shoots of the same year are pruned, leaving 3-4 buds to cut into cuttings, except for the top bud, the rest are cut off, cut in sandy soil, immediately watered after cutting, and then watered every few days to ensure that the leaves remain green and not wilted after cutting. after a month, the terminal buds begin to grow, and clear dung water is applied every 20 days, which can produce summer and autumn shoots. It can be transplanted in autumn.

Lemon tree striping propagation

Lemon striping propagation mainly adopts high pressure propagation. The vigorous growing branches without disease and insect pests are selected as the breeding mother branches from May to June. In the high pressure part, the leaves are removed, the skin is peeled off by a knife, and the skin is removed, but the xylem is not injured. Then the plastic film of about 12 cm in length and 10 cm in width is used to fasten the film 2 cm away from the lower part of the peel to form a cylinder. Fill the loose and fertile garden soil into the cylinder, fill it to form a fist-sized mass of mud, and then fasten the upper end firmly. After high pressure, the leaves show light green, white roots grow in the plastic bag, and gradually spread all around, indicating that the high pressure is successful. Cut off the branches in the lower part of the plastic bag from September to October, gently remove the plastic film, be careful not to break the mud, plant it in a flowerpot, water it thoroughly, and slow down the seedlings in the shade. After 10 to 15 days, gradually increase the light, and soon new leaves can grow.

Tissue culture of lemon tree

Cut the sterilized stem tip to make it 5-8 mm long, and then keep the polarity and inoculate it on the callus induction medium. After 3-4 weeks of culture, the explants began to form callus. At this time, it can be cut off and transferred to the bud induction medium. After several weeks of culture, bud clusters can be formed, which can be cut off and transferred to root induction medium. After 3-4 weeks of culture, regenerated plants with roots can be formed. The culture temperature is 24 ℃, the light intensity is 1000 lux, the light intensity is 8 hours and 12 hours per day.

Grafting propagation of lemon tree

1. Splicing: splicing is often used in spring. The grafting effect is better when the sap begins to flow. Sichuan and Chongqing can be grafted within half a month before and after the Rain and Water Festival, and Guangdong has a high survival rate within 40 days after the Beginning of Spring. In years with low temperature, the grafting time can be postponed to May. The cutting operation is simple, the germination is fast and the growth is fast. It can reach the specification of coming out of the nursery in the same year, and can be planted in autumn or the following spring.

2. Abdominal grafting: abdominal grafting is generally used for autumn grafting, which can be carried out from Rain Water's festival to the first ten days of November. The survival rate of ventral grafting is higher, and it can be rejoined for 2 or 3 times. The scion cutting method is the same as the cutting method. At about 10 cm from the ground, the smooth surface is longitudinally cut from top to bottom, and the length is about 2 cm. The cutting depth is suitable for no injury or slight injury to the xylem. After the mouth is opened, the scion is embedded and the interface is tightly sealed with plastic film strip from bottom to top.

3. Budding: budding can be divided into two types: small bud grafting and small bud ventral grafting. Small bud grafting is mainly carried out in spring and small bud ventral grafting is mainly carried out in autumn. The budding speed is fast, the work efficiency is high, the wound of the rootstock is small, and it is easy to heal. When cutting buds, hold the scion in the left hand, hold the knife in the right hand, put the knife edge flat, cut from the lower 1 cm of the bud to the upper end of the bud to 0.5 cm above the bud, make the bud with xylem, and then cut the scion down vertically with a knife to remove the bud piece.

How to plant lemon trees? Culture methods and matters needing attention of lemon trees

Photo: lemon tree

[FAQ] how to plant lemon trees? Culture methods and matters needing attention of lemon trees

[expert answers]

Lemon leaves are small, long oval, with serrulate margin. Flowers are solitary, blooming all the year round and full of fragrance. The fruit is oval or ovate and ripens in autumn and winter. The peel is yellow, the pulp is very sour and fragrant, the fruit juice is citric acid, and the peel can extract lemon oil. If you want lemon trees to grow well, it is very necessary to understand how to raise lemon trees. The following is to introduce the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of lemon trees.

1, raising seedlings and pots: large cultivation in the south, suitable for grafting propagation; less cultivation in the north, mainly using cutting methods, can also buy grafted seedlings for cultivation. The root system of lemon has higher requirements for water, nutrients and soil, and the pot soil should be made into water and air permeability, water and fertilizer conservation, and slightly acidic culture soil. The time of putting on the basin and changing the basin is available after autumn and early spring, and can be flexibly controlled according to the local climate.

2. Light and temperature: lemon is a light-loving plant, but if the sun is too strong, it will have poor growth and development. Generally, at noon, the annual average temperature for plant replacement is more than 15 ℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 23 ℃ to 29 ℃. If the plant stops growing at more than 35 ℃, it will be damaged by freezing at-2 ℃. Lemons generally do not need to cool down in summer, enter the room before Frosts Descent and leave the room after Qingming Festival, which can survive the winter safely.

3. Watering and fertilization: lemons need more water in their growth and development, but too much water is not easy to rot their roots. Generally speaking, spring is the time for shoots to spread leaves, pregnant buds to blossom, and appropriate watering. The summer light is strong, the temperature is high, needs more water. However, it should be timely and appropriate, otherwise it will cause fruit drop. Autumn is the period of shoot growth and rapid fruit expansion, so there must be sufficient water. Late autumn and winter are the period of flower bud differentiation, while the basin soil is dry. Lemon prefer fertilizer, in addition to the basin, change the basin to apply sufficient base fertilizer, the growth period should adhere to the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application. The times and amount of fertilization should be determined according to the growth and phenological period. For example, it is better to apply liquid fertilizer to fully fermented cake fertilizer and water, and the ratio of cake to water is 1VR 200. The soil in the north is slightly alkaline, so ferrous sulfate can be added to the fertilizer solution to form a slightly acidic nutrient solution.

4. Flower promotion and fruit preservation: lemon is a tree species that blossoms and bears fruit in four seasons, while most potted plants in the north blossom and bear fruit in spring. Therefore, it is necessary to control the water after the autumn shoot stops growing. Wait for both sides of the leaves to begin to roll, and then moderate watering to promote flower bud differentiation. Pay attention to fertilization in the basin and foliar spraying to cultivate robust fruiting mother branches. The main measures to protect fruit are: first, to strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water and accumulate nutrients; second, to carry out artificial pollination; third, to thinning flowers and fruits. Lemon fruit is large and needs more nutrients, with a normal leaf-fruit ratio of 30 to 40:1. According to the principle of removing the weak, staying strong and evenly distributed, first remove too many and too dense buds; then remove part of the fruit when the young fruit is 1cm in size; finally, after the physiological fruit drop, the fruit is determined according to the ratio of leaf to fruit. It can also leave a weak branch and a strong branch with only one fruit.

5. Pruning methods: pruning is generally divided into winter shears and summer shears. Winter shearing should be based on the principle of "cutting density and keeping thinning, getting rid of weak and strong", cutting off withered branches, cutting weak branches and overgrown branches without the effect of initial space. Summer pruning mainly truncates the overlong branches on the fruitless tree, erases the summer shoots on the fruiting tree, and shortens the declining branches in the middle and upper part of the crown.

6. pest control: the common diseases and insect pests in lemon trees are red spiders, shell insects, aphids, etc., which can be sprayed with 1500 times of dichlorvos EC.

[editor's comments] Lemon is a common fruit in our daily life, many people like to drink lemon juice, it can be used as a seasoning for a lot of food, so do you know how to grow lemon trees? above, the first agricultural economic editor has shared with you the cultivation methods and precautions of lemon trees, hoping to help you.

How to raise lemon trees, the culture methods and matters needing attention of lemon trees

Lemon leaves are small, long oval, with serrulate margin. Flowers are solitary, blooming all the year round and full of fragrance. The fruit is oval or ovate and ripens in autumn and winter. The peel is yellow, the pulp is very sour and fragrant, the fruit juice is citric acid, and the peel can extract lemon oil. If you want lemon trees to grow well, it is very necessary to understand how to raise lemon trees. The following is to introduce the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of lemon trees.

Culture methods of lemon trees

Raising seedlings and pots: large cultivation in the south, suitable for grafting propagation; less cultivation in the north, mainly using cutting methods, can also be cultivated by buying grafted seedlings. The root system of lemon has higher requirements for water, nutrients and soil, and the pot soil should be made into water and air permeability, water and fertilizer conservation, and slightly acidic culture soil. The time of putting on the basin and changing the basin is available after autumn and early spring, and can be flexibly controlled according to the local climate.

Light and temperature: lemon is a light-loving plant, but if the sun is too strong, it will have poor growth and development. Generally, at noon, the annual average temperature for plant replacement is more than 15 ℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 23 ℃ to 29 ℃. If the plant stops growing at more than 35 ℃, it will be damaged by freezing at-2 ℃. Lemons generally do not need to cool down in summer, enter the room before Frosts Descent and leave the room after Qingming Festival, which can survive the winter safely.

Watering and fertilization: lemons need more water in their growth and development, but too much water is not easy to rot their roots. Generally speaking, spring is the time for shoots to spread leaves, pregnant buds to blossom, and appropriate watering. The summer light is strong, the temperature is high, needs more water. However, it should be timely and appropriate, otherwise it will cause fruit drop. Autumn is the period of shoot growth and rapid fruit expansion, so there must be sufficient water. Late autumn and winter are the period of flower bud differentiation, while the basin soil is dry. Lemon prefer fertilizer, in addition to the basin, change the basin to apply sufficient base fertilizer, the growth period should adhere to the principle of thin fertilizer and frequent application. The times and amount of fertilization should be determined according to the growth and phenological period. For example, it is better to apply liquid fertilizer to fully fermented cake fertilizer and water, and the ratio of cake to water is 1VR 200. The soil in the north is slightly alkaline, so ferrous sulfate can be added to the fertilizer solution to form a slightly acidic nutrient solution.

Pruning method: pruning is generally divided into winter shears and summer shears. Winter shearing should be based on the principle of "cutting density and keeping thinning, getting rid of weak and strong", cutting off withered branches, cutting weak branches and overgrown branches without the effect of initial space. Summer pruning mainly truncates the overlong branches on the fruitless tree, erases the summer shoots on the fruiting tree, and shortens the declining branches in the middle and upper part of the crown.

Promote flower and protect fruit: lemon is the tree species that blossom and bear fruit in four seasons, while the potted plants in the north are mostly flowering and fruiting in spring. Therefore, it is necessary to control the water after the autumn shoot stops growing. Wait for both sides of the leaves to begin to roll, and then moderate watering to promote flower bud differentiation. Pay attention to fertilization in the basin and foliar spraying to cultivate robust fruiting mother branches. The main measures to protect fruit are: first, to strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water and accumulate nutrients; second, to carry out artificial pollination; third, to thinning flowers and fruits. Lemon fruit is large and needs more nutrients, with a normal leaf-fruit ratio of 30 to 40:1. According to the principle of removing the weak, staying strong and evenly distributed, first remove too many and too dense buds; then remove part of the fruit when the young fruit is 1cm in size; finally, after the physiological fruit drop, the fruit is determined according to the ratio of leaf to fruit. It can also leave a weak branch and a strong branch with only one fruit.

The above is the introduction of lemon tree culture methods and matters needing attention. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. The common diseases and insect pests of lemon trees are red spiders, shell insects, aphids, etc., which can be sprayed with 1500 times of dichlorvos EC.