How do strawberries reproduce? Introduction to the propagation methods of strawberries

Strawberry is a perennial herb with strong adaptability, short growth cycle, early fruit, quick effect and extensive cultivation. The main ways of reproduction are stolon propagation, ramet propagation, tissue culture propagation and seed propagation. Let's take a look at it.

Strawberry seed propagation

The production efficiency of strawberry seed propagation is low, generally not used, if the family potted growth can try.

Strawberry ramet breeding method

The split propagation of strawberry is also called old plant propagation. This method of propagation is suitable for strawberry nurseries that need to be replaced, or strawberry varieties that are not prone to stolons. The method is to propagate by using the new stem branches produced on the mother plant. During the growing period, the new stem of strawberry can produce not only a large number of stolons, but also several new stem branches, and adventitious roots can occur at the base of the strawberry. After fruit harvest, when the strawberry new stem branches are broken off together with the root system, a complete seedling can be obtained when there are 5 compound leaves and more fibrous roots.

Strawberry stolon propagation

Stolon propagation is the most commonly used method in strawberry production. The seedling from the stolon is called stolon seedling after being separated from the mother plant, which belongs to asexual reproduction, and its propagation method has four advantages.

1. The reproduction coefficient is high. A mother plant can produce 150,290 stolon seedlings, of which root seedlings account for 50% and 80%. Each hectare of strawberries can produce 225000 and 375000 high-quality stolon seedlings a year.

2. It is easy to maintain variety characteristics and fruit quality.

3. It is convenient to collect materials, so we can use the production field to collect seedlings, and we can also set up a mother garden to collect seedlings.

4. the seedlings have strong vitality and bear fruit early. They are planted in autumn of that year and can bear fruit in spring and summer of the following year.

Tissue culture and propagation of strawberry

Strawberry seedlings propagated by traditional methods have some disadvantages, such as slow growth, large land occupation, easy to be attacked by virus, easy to cause degradation, affect yield and fruit quality, and so on. Tissue culture can solve these shortcomings.

1. Fast reproduction: thousands to hundreds of thousands of seedlings can be obtained from a meristem in a year, which has great potential for development.

2. the market variety can be updated quickly: according to the needs of the market, the variety can be updated once in 2-3 years, while it takes 4-5 years for conventional production.

3. Production flexibility: as long as the tissue culture operation workshop is established, that is, the culture laboratory is expanded, it can be produced throughout the year, and the plants can be kept in the cold storage until autumn or the next spring.

4. The proportion of healthy plants is large, and the effect of increasing yield is obvious: the meristem in the stem tip tissue is not poisonous, and the whole operation is carried out in aseptic environment. Compared with the general non-virus-free seedlings, the cultured virus-free seedlings grow faster, the fruit setting rate is higher, the fruiting period is prolonged, the fruit weight is significantly increased, and the average yield can be increased by 30% to 50%.

How do strawberries propagate? Characteristics and methods of split propagation of strawberry

Figure: the method of ramet propagation of strawberry

[FAQ] how do strawberries propagate?

Among the propagation methods of strawberries, conventional seedling breeding and tissue culture are effective ways for rapid propagation of strawberries, but these propagation methods are not suitable for ordinary growers, and relatively speaking, ramet propagation is more suitable. The characteristics and methods of strawberry ramet propagation are introduced as follows:

First, the characteristics of plant reproduction.

Strawberry split propagation does not need to set up a special nursery, remove excess stolons and press soil on stolon nodes, which can save labor and reduce seedling costs. Compared with the propagation of stolon seedlings, the coefficient of ramet propagation is lower. Generally, for 3-year-old mother plants, there are only 814 qualified strawberry seedlings per plant, and the quality of strawberry seedlings is not as good as that of stolon seedlings. In addition, this kind of ramet seedlings, mostly with separate wounds, are susceptible to infection by soil-borne bacteria. At present, except when there is an urgent need for seedlings, this method is not generally used to propagate seedlings.

Figure: characteristics of split propagation methods of strawberries

2. The method of separate plant propagation

Ramet reproduction is divided into two types, one is rhizome ramet, the other is new stem ramet.

1. Rhizome ramet

After fruit harvest, the management of mother plant should be strengthened in time, such as fertilization, watering, weeding, loosening soil and so on, so as to promote the axillary bud of new stem to send out new stem branches. When there are some new leaves in the aboveground part of the mother plant and new roots grow in the underground roots, dig out the old roots, cut off the lower black adventitious roots and aging rhizomes, and separate the new rhizomes one by one. There are 5-8 strong leaves on these rhizomes and 4-5 beige adventitious roots in the lower part. The isolated rhizome can be directly planted in the production garden, and it should be watered in time after planting, strengthen the management of strawberry planting, promote growth, and bear normal fruit in the second year.

Picture: strawberries split into stems

two。 New stem ramet

In addition to the above-mentioned ramet method, the new stem seedling of the mother plant can also be cultivated. The method is as follows: after the fruit is harvested, the plants bearing fruit in the first year are dug out with soil and replanted in a flat border. The border is 70 cm wide and can be planted in 2 rows with a spacing of 30 cm. Dig a hole every 50 cm in the row and plant two seedlings in each hole. After one month, stolons were sent out on the mother plant, and when each plant had 2-3 stolons, the stem tip was pinched off to make the new stem seedlings on the mother plant thicker. The removal of stolons is repeated. The 2-year-old seedlings planted in this way can be divided into at least 4-6 new stem seedlings per hole. The inflorescence on the new stem, plus the inflorescence on the stolon around the new stem, is more than 1 × 3 more than that of the stolon, the yield is also significantly increased, and the seedling land and labor are saved. After the fruit is harvested, the 3-year-old strawberry seedlings are removed, and the 2-year-old seedlings bearing one-year fruit can also be used.

[editor's summary] Rhizome propagation is also known as rhizome propagation or pier propagation, this method is suitable for two situations: one is the strawberry orchard that needs to be replaced, all the plants are dug up and planted; the other is for some strawberry varieties which are not easy to have stolons. The above introduces the characteristics and methods of strawberry ramet propagation. I hope it can be helpful to you!

Family breeding methods of Strawberry

Seed propagation

Strawberry is a kind of plant with very small seeds, each of which is embedded in the fruit epidermis, visible, small and tender, and easy to be hurt.

When taking the seeds, scrape the seeds off with a blade and peel, then put them in gauze, wrap them in water, scrub and squeeze the water dry, then dry them on paper, wait for them to dry before rubbing them, and remove the pericarp attached to the seeds.

Finally, the seeds and peels can be separated and planted.

Although seed reproduction is convenient and simple, the productivity is very low, and the quality of strawberries planted is not high.

Propagation by stolon split method

Because a large number of stolons will grow during the growth of strawberries, the progeny produced above the stolons can be used to propagate seedlings.

First of all, to prepare the mother plant, we need to select stolon seedlings with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests to prepare for reproduction.

In order to select basin soil for planting, it is necessary to choose soil with fertile soil, which is not prone to hardening and convenient for drainage and irrigation. after selecting basin soil, fertilizer should be applied and rotten barnyard manure can be used.

Secondly, planting is carried out in spring, when planting, it is necessary to cover the soil reasonably, not too thick, and pay attention to the curved protruding side of the rhizome to the inside of the border.

Management after planting

After planting, it is necessary to immediately irrigate sufficient water, and later watering can be based on the weather conditions, how much rain is irrigated, and more water is watered by drought. During this period, don't apply fertilizer, just make sure you have enough base fertilizer.

Control of diseases and insect pests

During the fixed-value growth period, diseases and insect pests such as tigers or grubs are easy to occur, so we should pay attention to timely prevention and treatment. 1.5% organophosphorus powder 2.5 kg and fine soil 20 kg can be sprinkled evenly.

The diseases of strawberry include Botrytis cinerea, root rot and so on. 250 times Bordeaux solution should be used at this time.