Introduction to Propagation methods and Seedling raising techniques of Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba likes deep loam with proper moisture and good drainage, which is suitable for growing in subtropical monsoon areas with superior hydrothermal conditions, and can grow well in acidic soil and calcareous soil, while neutral or slightly acidic soil is the most suitable, where it is not resistant to stagnant water. it is more resistant to drought and grows poorly only in too dry places and stony slopes or low humid places. Let's take a look at the breeding methods of ginkgo trees.

Grafting propagation

Grafting propagation is the main propagation method in the cultivation of Ginkgo biloba, which can bear fruit early and make the plant dwarf, plump and high yield. it is generally grafted by subcutaneous branch grafting, peeling grafting or cutting grafting from the middle of March to the first ten days of April. Most of the scions were selected from 20-30-year-old plants with strong growth and exuberant fruit. generally, about 4 short branches on 3-4-year-old branches were selected as scions, each plant was grafted with 3-5 branches and began to bear fruit 5-8 years after grafting.

Sowing and reproduction

Sowing and propagation are mostly used for large-area greening seedlings or for making clump-type bonsai. After the seeds are harvested in autumn, the outer seed coat is removed and the seeds with pericarp are dried so that they can be sowed in winter or in spring the following year. If sowing in spring, mixed sand stratification must be carried out to accelerate sprouting. When sowing, put the seed germ horizontally in the sowing ditch. After sowing, the soil is 3-4 cm thick and compacted, and the seedlings can grow to 15-25 cm high in the same year. After the leaves fall in autumn, they can be transplanted. However, it should be noted that the nursery bed should choose areas with good drainage to prevent stagnant water from causing the seedlings to rot near the ground.

Cuttage propagation

1. Old branch cutting: generally, 1-or 2-year-old strong and substantial branches on the mother plant are cut from March to April in spring, cut into cuttings 10 to 15 centimeters long, cut in fine yellow sand or loose soil, pour enough water after cutting, keep the soil moist, and take root in about 40 days. After the survival, carry on the normal management, can be transplanted in the spring of the second year, this method is suitable for large area greening and seedling raising and so on.

2. Softwood cuttings: in early July, take off the semi-lignified branches of the same year, cut them into two-bud cuttings or three-bud cuttings, soak them with 100 mg / kg ABT rooting powder, insert the permeable sandy soil seedbed, pay attention to shade, maintain air humidity, and then transplant with soil after rooting.

Tillering propagation

The roots of big trees are easy to produce a large number of sprouting tillers, and if they are allowed to grow naturally for many years, they can form a ginkgo garden landscape of "holding children in their arms". If cutting off roots and tillers to breed seedlings, it will not only save seeds, but also grow fast and blossom and bear fruit early. tiller propagation can be done by cutting off the original roots and digging trenches to promote the propagation of new tillers.

The main results are as follows: 1. the original root tiller cutting propagation: the original root tiller cutting propagation is the easiest method. In July and August every year, circular peeling is carried out at the root tiller stem and then the soil is cultivated. After more than one month, the new root can be sent out, and the mother can be cut off and planted directly in the spring of the second year.

2. Digging trenches, cutting roots and promoting new tillers: in autumn, at the appropriate place near the big ginkgo tree, dig annular ditches 50 cm deep and 50 cm wide, cut off the lateral roots, and then fill the soil mixed with fertilizer, and grow for one year to form new seedlings. The seedlings propagated by tillers can be planted directly and do not need to be cultivated in the nursery, so it is called tillering seedlings, which is actually tillering.

Propagation methods of Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo trees have beautiful shape and golden leaves in autumn. they are suitable for shade trees, street trees and ornamental trees, and are often used as the preferred tree species for landscaping. There are many propagation methods of Ginkgo biloba, including sowing, tillering, cutting and grafting.

Sowing and reproduction

After the seeds are harvested in autumn, the exocarp is removed and the seeds with mesocarp are dried so that they can be sown in winter in the same year or in spring the following year (if sowing in spring, mixed sand must first be accumulated to accelerate germination). When sowing, put the seed germ horizontally in the sowing ditch, cover the soil 3 cm ~ 4 cm thick and compacted after sowing. In that year, the seedlings can grow to 15 cm ~ 25 cm high, and can be transplanted after defoliation in autumn.

It must be noted that special nurseries should be established for sowing and reproduction. The nursery should select places with high topography, good drainage, adequate water sources and convenient irrigation, at the same time, intensive cultivation, leveling the ground, applying sufficient base fertilizer, and paying attention to the control of underground pests. Sowing quantity, depending on the size of ginkgo, generally sowing about 25 kilograms per mu, can produce 15000 ~ 20, 000 seedlings. When sowing in the trench, first pour the bottom water, and then put the ginkgo side in the ditch, if it has sprouted, place the bud tip down, and then cover the soil for about 3 cm to end.

If conditions permit, cover the soil with a layer of plastic film to maintain its humidity and temperature. When the germ is unearthed, properly aerate, gradually uncover the film. After June, shading should be carried out if possible. The seedlings of ginkgo biloba are tender and weak in the first year, so it is not suitable to apply too much chemical fertilizer. In case of heavy rain, release water in time and loosen the soil at the right time.

Tillering propagation

Using the rhizosphere sprouting of ginkgo biloba, tiller propagation is a common method. Ginkgo biloba trees due to the high grafting of large rootstocks, the roots of big trees are easy to produce a large number of sprouting tillers, and if they are allowed to grow naturally for many years, they can form a ginkgo garden landscape of "holding children in their arms". If you cut off the roots and tillers to breed the seedlings, it will not only save seeds, but also grow fast and blossom and bear fruit early.

There are two methods to propagate tillers: one is to cut off the original tillers, and the other is to dig trenches and cut roots to promote the propagation of new tillers. Cutting off propagation by original root tiller is the easiest method. In July and August every year, the roots and tillers are peeled in a circle before the soil is cultivated. After more than a month, new roots can be sent out, and the following spring can be cut off from the mother and planted directly.

Digging trenches, cutting roots and promoting new tillers are carried out in autumn. In an appropriate place near the big ginkgo tree, ring ditches 50 cm deep and 50 cm wide are dug, lateral roots are cut off, and then filled with soil mixed with fertilizer, and new seedlings can be cut off after growing for one year. The seedlings propagated by tillers can be planted directly and do not need to be cultivated in the nursery. Therefore, it is called tillering seedlings, which is actually tillering plants.

Cuttage propagation

Cutting propagation can be divided into two types: old branch cutting and tender wood cutting.

The old branch cuttings are generally cut from March to April in spring to cut the sturdy and substantial branches of the mother plant, cut into cuttings of 10 cm ~ 15 cm in length, cut in fine yellow sand or loose soil, pour enough water after cutting, keep the soil moist, and take root in about 40 days. After the survival, carry on the normal management. It can be transplanted in the spring of the following year. This method is suitable for greening and raising seedlings in a large area.

In the first ten days of July, the softwood cuttings were cut into 2-bud cuttings or 3-bud cuttings, soaked in 100ppmABT rooting powder, inserted into the permeable sandy soil nursery bed, shaded, kept the air humidity, and then transplanted into the ordinary seedbed with soil after rooting.

Grafting propagation

Grafting propagation is the main propagation method in the cultivation of Ginkgo biloba, which can bear fruit earlier and make the plant dwarf, fullness and high yield. Grafting is usually carried out by means of subcutaneous branch grafting, peeling grafting or cutting grafting from mid-March to early April in spring. Scions are mostly selected from 20-30-year-old plants with strong growth and exuberant fruit. Generally, about 4 short branches on 3 ~ 4-year-old branches are selected as scions, and each plant is usually grafted with 3 ~ 5 branches. The fruit began to bear fruit from 5 to 8 years after grafting.

Introduction to four Propagation methods of Ginkgo biloba

Picture: grafting method of Ginkgo biloba

[FAQ] what are the propagation methods of ginkgo trees?

[expert answers]

1. Sowing and reproduction

After the seeds are harvested in autumn, the exocarp is removed and the seeds with mesocarp are dried so that they can be sown in winter in the same year or in spring the following year (if sowing in spring, mixed sand must first be accumulated to accelerate germination). When sowing, the seed germ was placed horizontally in the sowing ditch. After sowing, the soil was 3 / 4 cm thick and compacted. In the same year, the seedlings can grow to 15: 25 cm high, and can be transplanted after defoliation in autumn. It must be noted that special nurseries should be established for sowing and reproduction. The nursery should select places with high topography, good drainage, adequate water sources and convenient irrigation, at the same time, intensive cultivation, leveling the ground, applying sufficient base fertilizer, and paying attention to the control of underground pests. The sowing quantity depends on the size of ginkgo. Generally, 667m2 sowing 25kg can produce 15 ~ 20 000 seedlings. The row spacing of sowing is 20-30 cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm. Both border sowing and furrow sowing can be done. When sowing seeds in the trench, first pour the bottom water, then put the ginkgo side in the ditch, if it has sprouted, place the bud tip down, then cover the soil for about 3 cm, and then cover with a layer of plastic film to maintain humidity and temperature. When the germ is unearthed, properly aerate, gradually uncover the film. After June, shade should be provided if conditions permit. The seedlings of Ginkgo biloba are tender and weak in the first year, so it is not suitable to apply excessive chemical fertilizer. In case of heavy rain, release water in time and loosen the soil at the right time.

2. Tillering propagation

The roots of big trees are easy to produce a large number of sprouting tillers, and if they are allowed to grow naturally for many years, they can form a ginkgo garden landscape of "holding children in their arms". If you cut off the roots and tillers to breed the seedlings, it will not only save seeds, but also grow fast and blossom and bear fruit early.

Two methods can be used for tiller propagation: one is to use the original root tiller to cut off propagation. The second is to dig trenches and cut roots to promote the propagation of new tillers.

It is the easiest method to use the original root tiller to cut off and propagate. In July and August every year, the root tiller is peeled in a circle before the soil is cultivated. After more than one month, the new root can be produced, and the mother can be cut off and planted directly in the spring of the second year. Digging trenches and cutting roots to promote new tillers will be carried out in autumn. At that time, in the appropriate place near the big ginkgo tree, the annular trenches of 50 cm in depth and width will be dug, the lateral roots will be cut off, and the soil mixed with fertilizer will be filled, and the new seedlings can be cut off after growing for one year. The seedlings propagated by tillers can be planted directly and do not need to be cultivated in the nursery. Therefore, it is called tillering seedlings, which is actually tillering plants.

3. Cuttage propagation

The main results are as follows: (1) the old wood cuttings are generally cut from the 1-or 2-year-old strong and substantial branches of the mother plant from March to April in spring, cut into cuttings with a length of 10-15 cm per segment, cut in fine yellow sand or loose soil, pour enough water after cutting, keep the soil moist, and take root for about 40 days. After the survival, carry on the normal management. It can be transplanted in the spring of the second year. This method is suitable for greening and raising seedlings in a large area.

(2) in the first ten days of July, the semi-lignified branches of the same year were taken and cut into two-bud cuttings or three-bud cuttings, soaked in 100 mg/kg ABT rooting powder, inserted into the permeable sandy soil seedbed, shaded, kept the air humidity, and then transplanting with soil after rooting.

4. Grafting propagation

Grafting propagation is the main propagation method in the cultivation of Ginkgo biloba, which can bear fruit earlier and make the plant dwarf, fullness and high yield.

Grafting is usually carried out from mid-March to early April by means of subcutaneous branch grafting, peeling grafting or cutting grafting. Most of the scions were selected from 20-30-year-old plants with strong growth and exuberant fruit. Generally, about 4 short branches on 3-4-year-old branches are selected as scions, and each plant is usually grafted with 3-5 branches. The fruit began to bear fruit 5 ~ 8 years after grafting.

[editor's comments] Ginkgo biloba can reproduce through a variety of methods, the most commonly used are sowing seedlings, cutting seedlings, plant propagation, and can also be grafted and propagated. These four methods are the most common ways of ginkgo biloba reproduction. Horizontal planting and seedling propagation can also be adopted to accelerate seedling reproduction, and laboratory tissue culture is also a way to promote reproduction.