Common diseases and insect pests of planting pear trees and their control measures

Pear orchard diseases and insect pests are also one of the very important aspects, in addition to recording the types and hazards of diseases and insect pests, as well as the types, doses, times and techniques of the use of pesticides. How to make rational use of pesticides plays an important role in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

First of all, prescribe the right medicine to the case. Select the most suitable varieties of pesticides to control every kind of diseases and insect pests. Different bacteria and insects respond differently to the toxicity of the same drug. In other words, each pesticide has its own control scope and object, such as strychnine can effectively control pear rust and powdery mildew, but the control effect on scab and other diseases is very poor. Imidacloprid has a significant effect on controlling aphids and planthoppers in piercing mouthparts but has no effect on mites. Deltamethrin has a good effect on the control of pear heart borer, aphids, pear planthopper and all kinds of caterpillars, but not on mites.

In addition, there were differences in sensitivity to pesticides in different periods of the disease infection process. At the stage of sprouting and invading pear trees, the spores of pathogens are more sensitive to insecticides, and the control effect is better; when the pathogens have invaded the fruit trees and established a parasitic relationship, and the fungi develop into hyphae, the drug resistance is enhanced and the control effect becomes worse. after growing into a fruiting body, it is more difficult to control, such as pear rust. Therefore, the prevention and control of diseases should be mastered before or at the initial stage of the disease.

Secondly, accurate drug use, the correct drug concentration refers to the rarest concentration that can effectively control diseases and insect pests, and does not cause drug damage to pear trees. If we blindly increase the concentration of drugs, it will cause a waste of chemicals, and it is easy to cause resistance to diseases and insect pests. At the same time, there may be pear tree drug damage, human and animal poisoning, causing pollution to the fruit and the environment; too thin can not achieve the purpose of prevention and control. There are many methods for the use of pesticides, and the correct method should be selected according to the harm characteristics of the control objects and the characteristics of pesticide varieties and dosage forms. Such as EC, wettable powder, gel suspension, water agent, soluble powder can be diluted with water spray; powder and granule can not be sprayed with water. And the spray should be from the inside to the outside, from top to bottom, can not leak spray, can not spray more, with the blade fully wet, and will not form flowing water droplets is appropriate. The dosage is the amount of effective components of pesticides per unit area. In the prevention and control of pear diseases and insect pests, we should not only pay attention to the uniform and thoughtful spraying of branches, stems, leaves and fruits, but also pay attention not to excessive, especially when the temperature is high, the liquid left on the leaves can quickly evaporate water, resulting in an increase in concentration, which may cause drug damage to pear trees.

Thirdly, the safe use of drugs and pesticides, including the safety of people, animals, fruit trees, fruits and natural enemies. In the control of pear orchard pathogens and insect pests, priority should be given to high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides and biological pesticides, and the use of pesticides should be strictly controlled. It is strictly forbidden to spray pesticides with high toxicity and high residues on fruit trees. At the same time, the pesticides used must have "three certificates" (pesticide registration certificate, production license, production approval certificate, standard number). Before the operation, the drug application personnel should understand the drug performance and the matters needing attention in the safe use of the drug, and make the necessary safety measures.

Finally, it is necessary to protect natural enemies and strengthen the biological control of diseases and insect pests to produce green and pollution-free fruits. In nature, there are many natural enemies of fruit tree diseases and insect pests, including parasitic Trichogramma, golden wasps, predatory ladybugs, lacewings, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana and other microbial natural enemies that cause pests. These natural enemies have strong natural control over diseases and insect pests of fruit trees. We should try our best to protect these natural enemies when using chemicals to control diseases and insect pests.

1. Choose the appropriate application time. The best control period is when the pest has reached the control target or has reached the critical period of control, but the natural enemies have not yet been formed. If there are a large number of natural enemies in the garden, drugs should not be used or selectively used to facilitate natural enemies to control pests. For example, in the early stage of aphid damage, there are few natural enemies and chemical control is applied, but in the later stage, the species and number of natural enemies increase. As long as they do not cause economic harm, pesticides should be used as little as possible to protect natural enemies.

2. Use more internal absorption or selective pesticides and less broad-spectrum or highly toxic pesticides, such as mites, should apply specific and long-term acaricides in the early stage to protect natural enemies. Broad-spectrum pesticides not only control pests but also eliminate natural enemies, and the reproductive ability of natural enemies is weaker than that of pests, so it is easy to lead to the rampant outbreak of insect pests. Choose the appropriate application time. The best control period is when the pest has reached the control target or has reached the critical period of control, but the natural enemies have not yet been formed. If there are a large number of natural enemies in the garden, drugs should not be used or selectively used to facilitate natural enemies to control pests. For example, in the early stage of aphid damage, there are few natural enemies and chemical control is applied, but in the later stage, the species and number of natural enemies increase. As long as they do not cause economic harm, pesticides should be used as little as possible to protect natural enemies.

3. Choose appropriate application methods, such as seizing the opportunity of local occurrence of pests, carrying out selection and control, and reducing the widespread use of pesticides in a large area. For example, the enemy kills frequently in production, because it can kill a variety of pests, but the enemy kills the natural enemies in the pear orchard seriously, continuous and comprehensive use can easily lead to rampant harmful mites.

4. Choose the appropriate pesticide dosage form, the same kind of pesticide has little influence on natural enemies with granules and granules, while EC and powder have great lethal effect on killing enemies. Select appropriate application methods, such as seizing the opportunity of local occurrence of pests, select and control, and reduce the widespread use of pesticides in a large area. For example, the enemy kills frequently in production, because it can kill a variety of pests, but the enemy kills the natural enemies in the pear orchard seriously, continuous and comprehensive use can easily lead to rampant harmful mites.

Points for attention, reasonable mixing. Because many kinds of diseases and pests are often damaged at the same time in a certain life of pear trees, pear farmers often spray more than two kinds of pesticides together according to a certain proportion. But there are strict requirements for the mixed use of pesticides.

The main results are as follows: 1. The action mode and control effect of the same kind of agents are the same, but they can not increase the efficiency and expand the control object, so it is not suitable for mixed use.

2. The effective components of each mixed pesticide must not change after mixing, and the efficacy will not decrease or cause no harm to pear trees after mixing. For example, the mixed use of stone-sulfur mixture and Bordeaux liquid is easy to cause drug damage, and the control effect is also obviously decreased.

3. The main objects and occurrence stages of this spray control must be defined, and the effective agents or complementary agents of each control object must be determined.

4. If the toxicity of the mixed solution becomes highly toxic, it should not be mixed.

Skillful methods for pest control of pear trees

Pear is a common fruit, sweet, juicy and nutritious. However, in the planting of pear trees, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests needs timely treatment, so which aspects should pear diseases and insect pests start from?

First of all, prescribe the right medicine to the case and select the most suitable varieties of pesticides to prevent and control every kind of diseases and insect pests. Different bacteria and insects react differently to the same drug. In other words, each pesticide has its own control scope and object, such as strychnine can effectively control pear rust and powdery mildew, but the control effect on scab and other diseases is very poor. Imidacloprid has a significant effect on controlling aphids and planthoppers in piercing mouthparts, but it has no effect on mites. Deltamethrin has a good effect on the control of pear heart borer, aphids, pear planthopper and all kinds of caterpillars, but not on mites.

In addition, there are differences in the sensitivity to pesticides in different stages of the disease infection process. The spores of the pathogen are more sensitive to pesticides at the stage of germination and invasion of pear trees, and the chemical control effect is better. When the pathogen has invaded the fruit tree and has established a parasitic relationship, after the fungi have developed into hyphae, the drug resistance to pesticides is enhanced, and the control effect becomes worse, and it is more difficult to control after growing into fruit bodies, such as pear rust. The prevention and control of diseases should be mastered before or at the initial stage of the disease.

Secondly, accurate drug use and correct drug concentration refers to the rarest concentration that can effectively control diseases and insect pests without causing pear trees to produce drug pests. If the concentration is blindly increased, it will cause a waste of pesticides and easily cause resistance to diseases and insect pests. At the same time, pear tree pests, human and animal poisoning may occur, causing pollution to fruits and the environment. If too thin, it can not achieve the purpose of prevention and control. There are more methods of pesticide use. According to the harmful characteristics of the control object and the characteristics of pesticide varieties and dosage forms, the correct method should be selected, such as EC, wettable powder, gel suspension, water agent and soluble powder can be diluted with water, powder and granule can not be sprayed with water, and the spray should be from the inside to the outside, from top to bottom, not to leak and not to spray more, so that the leaves are fully wet and will not form flowing water droplets. The dosage is the amount of effective components of pesticides per unit area. When controlling the diseases and insect pests of pear trees, we should not only pay attention to the uniform and thoughtful spraying of wine on branches, stems, leaves and fruits, but also pay attention not to excessive, especially when the temperature is high, the liquid left on the leaves can quickly evaporate water, resulting in an increase in concentration, which may cause drug damage to pear trees.

Control methods of Diseases and insect pests of Hongxiangshui Pear

In the process of planting red fragrant crisp pear, we should pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of red fragrant crisp pear.

First, use Jiaduo insecticidal lamp to kill insects.

The fruit of Hongxiangshui pear is easily harmed by heart-eating insects, bugs, beetles and other pests, these pests have the characteristics of fast transfer, and chemical control is more difficult. The use of Jiaduo frequency vibration insecticidal lamp can kill more than 2000 heart-eating insects, bugs and other pests every night, and the insecticidal effect is up to 70%, which can effectively control the above-mentioned pests.

Jiaduo frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp, on the one hand, is high in science and technology. on the one hand, it can make use of the phototaxis, wave, color and taste characteristics of pests, set the light wave in a specific range, use light at close range, lure adults with wave color and taste at a long distance, and use frequency vibrating voltage network to touch and kill the insect outside the lamp, so that the pest falls into the bag, so as to kill adults and control harm.

On the other hand, it chooses light sources, wavelengths and bands that can avoid the habits of natural enemies, which can well protect natural enemies. Hongxiang crisp pear orchard generally hangs an insecticidal lamp every 40 mu with a height of 4-5 meters, turning on the light at 6 o'clock in the evening and turning off the light at 6 o'clock in the morning. Each lamp can be used continuously for more than 4 years.

2. Hanging lure to kill pear heart borer

Pear heart borer is the most important pest of red fragrant crisp pear. If it is not controlled, it may lead to no harvest in pear orchard. The insect occurs 4-5 generations a year, and the generation is irregular, so it is extremely difficult to control.

In order to accurately grasp the occurrence and harm law of pear heart borer in Hongxiang crisp pear orchard, pear sex attractant was used to predict and control pear heart borer, which achieved a good control effect and effectively protected and utilized natural enemies. It is a good measure to produce pollution-free fruit.

Methods: take a 20 cm water basin, use a thin wire slightly longer than the diameter of the basin to cross a trap and place it in the center above the basin mouth and fix it, so that the lower edge of the trap is flush with the mouth of the basin, so as to prevent the core from being soaked because the basin is full of water.

After it is done, the trapping pot will be hung on the shady side of the fruit tree to prevent direct sunlight. The height of the suspension should be about 1.5 meters from the ground. After setting up the basin, add clear water to the basin and 0.2% washing powder into the water. The amount of water added is 1-1.5 cm away from the lower edge of the lure. The planting density is 5-6 grains per mu. The placement time began at the end of June and ended in mid-September before the small heart borer began to harm the pear fruit.

Third, the use of the latest pollution-free chemical control

Use biomimetic agents to control insect pests. The use of pollution-free bionic agent-5% perchlorophenoxicarb can effectively control the main pests of Hongxiang crisp pear. 5% perchlorophenoxib is a product with high efficiency, low toxicity, green, environmental protection and no pollution to the environment. It is the first choice for the production of pollution-free food and green food, and its toxicity is even lower than that of salt.

This medicine is the latest bionic pesticide, which can regulate the growth of insects and affect the molting process of insects. when acting on pests, it can kill the eggs, larvae and adults of pear pests. Spraying the solution with a concentration of 1500 times a year can effectively control many kinds of pests such as pear planthopper, Kang's pink scale, heart-eating insects and aphids, and is safe to natural enemies at the same time.