How to grow strawberries in greenhouse? Introduction of planting technology of strawberry in greenhouse

Strawberry belongs to Rosaceae, perennial herb. Strawberry ranks first in small berry production in the world. Strawberry is a cash crop with quick fruit, early maturity, easy reproduction, short cycle and high benefit. The following editor will briefly introduce how to grow strawberries in greenhouse.

1. Select suitable varieties or mixed planting of different varieties: Fengxiang, Mingbao and other varieties with more flowering, large amount of pollen, large and neat fruit, good coloring, light sour taste and less abnormal fruit are selected under the condition of low temperature. Varieties such as Qiuxiang, Baojiao Zaosheng and all-Star have less pollen and more abnormal fruits. Chunxiang, Dana and other varieties should be planted as pollination plants to facilitate pollination and fertilization, reduce abnormal fruits and improve the rate of big fruits.

2. Select disease-free strong seedlings: disease-free strong seedlings have developed root system, strong disease resistance, large strawberries, high yield and good quality.

3. Adequate application of high-quality basic fertilizer: increasing the application of high-quality mature farm fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients for strawberry growth, flower bud differentiation, flowering, fruit setting and fruit development, increase fruit number, and improve fruit sugar content and coloring. 2000 kg of rotten chicken manure is applied per mu, and ditch application is combined with spreading.

4. implement crop rotation to avoid repeated cropping: rotation can improve the disease resistance of strawberries and reduce the number of deformed fruits and diseases and insect pests. The open-ground rotation between the shed and the shed can be made full use of.

5. Increase the light: the lack of light from 2 weeks before flowering to the flowering stage of strawberry will affect pollination and fertilization and produce deformed fruit. Lack of light during the coloring period will lead to light taste and poor color of the fruit. Under the premise of ensuring the temperature in the shed, the covered grass should be uncovered as early as possible. A reflective screen is hung on the north side of the greenhouse, which uses reflected light to increase illumination. On rainy or snowy days, incandescent lamps can be used to make up the light.

6. Ridging cultivation and plastic film mulching: ridging cultivation can reduce fruit dripping contact with greenhouse film, enhance sunlight exposure to fruit, reduce the occurrence of gray mold and promote fruit coloring. Plastic film mulching can increase soil temperature, reduce air humidity, avoid direct contact with soil, and help to keep fruit surface clean.

7. Strictly control the temperature: the suitable greenhouse temperature is 22-25 ℃ at flowering day and 8-10 ℃ at night, and 20-24 ℃ at day and 6-10 ℃ at night during fruit expansion. Too high temperature in the greenhouse will shorten the fruit development period and make the fruit smaller.

8. Proper watering and topdressing: appropriate watering during flowering and fruiting period, drip irrigation should be adopted. Insufficient moisture during flowering will lead to poor pollination and fertilization, resulting in deformed fruit. The lack of water during the fruit expansion period will affect the fruit expansion. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed continuously for 3-4 times during flowering and fruiting period.

9. Auxiliary pollination: poor pollination and fertilization is the root cause of abnormal fruit, the use of bee-assisted pollination can effectively reduce the production of abnormal fruit. Generally, one case of bee pollination is put in each greenhouse during flowering.

10. Timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: strawberry spraying during flowering is easy to induce abnormal fruit. If diseases and insect pests occur during the flowering period, spray the beehive out of the greenhouse before spraying, and then move back to the greenhouse 1 week after spraying.

How to grow strawberries in greenhouse? Key points of planting techniques of Strawberry in greenhouse

In recent years, with the development of facility agriculture, the planting area of strawberries in greenhouse is also expanding. In the process of strawberry planting in greenhouse, in order to increase the yield and quality of strawberry and improve economic benefits, it is very important to do a good job of fertilizer and water management, prevention of deformed fruit, prevention of early bud and early flower and so on. So, how to grow strawberries in greenhouse? The following is to introduce the key points of strawberry planting techniques in the greenhouse, let's take a look.

Picture: strawberry planting in greenhouse

First, timely buckle the shed for heat preservation

In general, when the temperature drops below 5 ℃, the strawberry cultivation bed should be covered with a small semicircular arch shed and covered with colorless plastic film. Pay attention to ventilation in the initial stage of buckling shed to prevent more than 30 ℃ in the shed, especially around noon when there are no clouds and strong sunlight in sunny days, and high temperature burning seedlings should be prevented. In addition, when the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is about 5 ℃, cover the greenhouse film with paper quilt or grass to keep warm at night, and remove it in time after sunrise during the day, so as to increase daylight exposure, increase the temperature in the greenhouse, and beware of freezing injury or retting roots. Enter a few cold days, if the highest temperature in the shed is below 10 ℃, do not take off the covered thermal insulation material during the day to facilitate strawberries to survive the winter safely. After the "May 9" and "69" days, when the external temperature is stable above 0 ℃, the paper quilt or grass quilt can be removed after sunrise during the day, but it should be covered in time before sunset in the evening to maintain a higher temperature in the arch shed. When the temperature in the small arch shed is stable above 5 ℃ at night, the cover can be removed, weather changes can be paid attention to at any time, and timely ventilation can prevent the harm of high temperature.

Second, prevent early buds and early flowers

In the process of strawberry production in greenhouse, early budding and early flowering are easy to occur. This phenomenon occurs too often, which will seriously affect the yield and quality of strawberries. The phenomenon of early bud and early flowering of strawberries in greenhouse is related to the following factors. First, it is related to the characteristics of the variety. The varieties with easy differentiation of flower buds and shallow dormancy, such as Lihong and Qiuxiang, etc., need only about 50 hours of dormancy, need less low temperature during the dormancy period, and are prone to early buds. Second, it is related to the premature differentiation of flower buds caused by fertilizer and pseudo-planting. On the one hand, before seedling raising to flower bud differentiation, if there is less nitrogen absorption, strawberry flower bud differentiation often occurs earlier; on the other hand, if the pseudo-planting time is too late, the pseudo-planting seedlings are too small, or the soil on the pseudo-planting bed is too dry or too wet, and insufficient fertilizer can make strawberry flower buds differentiate prematurely. All these will cause early budding and early flowering of strawberries after planting. In order to prevent early budding and early flowering of strawberries, the following points should be done in production: first, select suitable varieties. The varieties with shallow dormancy should be selected for cultivation in greenhouse. If you choose a variety with strong dormancy, thermal insulation should not be covered too early. The second is to fertilize reasonably, strengthen management and cultivate strong seedlings in the process of raising seedlings. By removing old leaves, removing inflorescences, straightening out stolons and spraying gibberellin, we can strengthen the management of mother plants and produce high-quality strong seedlings. Third, pay attention to control the temperature after withholding the shed. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 25 ℃ during the day and above 0 ℃ at night. In the severe winter, through the small shed in the greenhouse, thickening cover, erecting wind barriers and other heat preservation measures to ensure the normal development of strawberries. For the plants that have already produced early buds and early flowers, we should remove the buds in time, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, promote the flowering and fruiting of axillary buds and reduce the loss.

Picture: strawberry planting in greenhouse

Third, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water

The fruiting period of strawberry in greenhouse is long, so it is necessary to apply reasonable topdressing on the basis of re-application of base fertilizer in order to meet its nutritional requirements. Topdressing takes the principle of "a small amount and many times". From buckling shed to budding, shallow water can be applied once in about 10 days, 10 kg of urea per mu, 5-8 kg of calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride each. In addition, in the middle and later stage, it can be combined with spraying, foliar spraying multi-element micro-fertilizer or phytin and other organic nutrient solution to improve the fruit weight and sugar content of strawberry. The temperature in the greenhouse is too high and the soil water evaporation is large, so it should be irrigated in time. In the early stage, the external temperature was high, and irrigation was carried out in the evening; in the later stage, the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse was lower, and irrigation was carried out in the morning. After irrigation, first increase the temperature of the shed, and then increase the air volume and reduce the humidity. Don't water too often and water thoroughly every time. Stop watering one week before flowering, and water once 15 days after flowering combined with fertilization.

IV. Prevention of malformed fruit

Mixed planting of some main varieties with a large amount of pollen is an effective measure to prevent abnormal fruit of strawberry in greenhouse. The varieties planted by the landlords are Baojiao Zaosheng, and the pollinated varieties are Chunxiang, Fengxiang, etc., which are generally planted at 5% and 10%. Strawberry can not be sprayed with pesticides during flowering to prevent the decrease of pollen germination rate, affect fertilization and produce deformed fruit. Strawberry can be used to control the disease before flowering, pull out the diseased plant in time after flowering, remove the diseased leaves and inflorescences, and control the spread of the disease. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the dark irrigation of plastic film between ridges should be carried out in time. When lack of fertilizer, combined with watering, apply 45% ternary compound fertilizer 15 kg per mu, do not apply ammonium bicarbonate. After the fertilizer is diluted with water, the effect of drilling and topdressing is better, which can promote fertilizer with water and meet the needs of normal flowering and fruiting of strawberries. When each batch of flower buds of strawberries in the greenhouse is formed, bees are placed in the greenhouse, and 5000 of them are kept in each standard shed, so that the pollination rate can reach 100%. The release time is 8-9 am and 3-4 pm.

Picture: strawberry planting in greenhouse

V. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Strawberry cultivated in a small arch shed is prone to diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold and underground pests harm strawberry plants because of high temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. For pests, 25% phoxim can be sprinkled in the soil or mixed with fine soil before planting, or trichlorfon powder can be used to control the soil. For diseases, 40% methyl topiramate 300-400 times or 240 times Bordeaux solution should be sprayed in time after film mulching.

[conclusion] in order to obtain greater economic benefits and achieve high quality and high yield, it is important to do a good job of management in the process of planting strawberries in greenhouse. Above for you to introduce the greenhouse strawberry planting techniques, I hope to be able to help you!

How to grow strawberries in greenhouse? Planting techniques of Strawberry in greenhouse

Strawberry is a kind of plant which is very suitable for growing in greenhouse, strawberry can have the best sweetness and flavor under suitable temperature, humidity and light, while planting in greenhouse can easily meet these conditions. At the same time, strawberries grown in greenhouse also have the characteristics of short cycle and good quality. So, how to grow strawberries in greenhouse? The following is to introduce the planting technology of strawberries in the greenhouse, let's learn about it.

Picture: strawberry planting in greenhouse

First, cultivate strong seedlings

Choose fields with convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile soil and uncultivated strawberries in the previous crop. Deep ploughing was carried out before overwintering to improve soil properties and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. After the seedling fields are selected, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, drainage and irrigation facilities are prepared, and pesticides are applied to the soil before planting to prevent underground pests from injuring their roots. The plants with strong growth, good yield, fruit shape and quality were selected, and the stolon seedlings were used as the mother plant. The plant spacing of about 20cm was planted in the field in autumn, and the mother plant was planted in the special seedling field when the daily average temperature was more than 12 ℃ in the following year. Better results will be obtained if tissue culture seedlings or virus-free seedlings are selected as mother plants. The criteria for strong seedlings selected in protected cultivation are generally as follows: well-developed root system, more than 25 primary lateral roots, short petiole, long 15cm, wide 3cm, 5-7 mature leaves, new stem diameter above 1cm, seedling weight 25-40g/, early flower bud differentiation, good development, no diseases and insect pests.

2. Land preparation and transplanting

Generally apply rotten chicken manure 75t/hm2, diammonium phosphate 300kg/hm2, biological potassium fertilizer 75kg/hm2, combined with fertilization, turn the land deeply, and then make a high border with a width of 50-60cm, a width of 40-50cm at the top of the ditch, a width of 20cm at the bottom and a height of 15-20cm, with a direction of north-south. Select loam or sandy loam land with convenient drainage and irrigation, thoroughly remove weeds, dig deep into the garden, and control underground pests. When the depth of ploughing is 20-30cm, combined with ploughing and applying foot fertilizer, the high-quality pigsty manure above 75t/hm2 and three-element compound fertilizer 750kg/hm2 can be applied. Then make a high ridge with ridge top width 30cm, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge height 30cm, furrow width 30cm. After finishing the bed, the planting hole and the surrounding soil were sprayed and disinfected with 1000 times solution of 70% methyl topiramate. Generally in early August to early September, choose cloudy or light rainy days for transplanting, try to avoid sunny hot noon, in order to prevent burning seedlings. Before transplanting, 50% butachlor 3kg/hm2 was used to spray water 900kg to control weeds. The ridge was covered with black film, 2 rows were planted on each ridge, the plant spacing was 18-20cm, and the planting was 10. 5-120000 plants / hm2.

Picture: strawberry planting in greenhouse

III. Fertilizer and water management

Strawberries cultivated in protected areas are planted with high ridges, generally without intertillage, and the period of plastic film mulching should be determined according to climatic environment and cultivation requirements. In order to survive the winter and prevent cold, it is common to pour enough frozen water before soil freezing, and cover it when the surface is slightly dry after 3-5 days (mid-late November). For the main purpose of increasing ground temperature, transparent film should be used, and black film should be used for the main purpose of weed control. The thickness of plastic film is generally 0.008-0.020mm, combined with intertillage or autumn application of organic fertilizer to bury the soil, and the thickness of soil cultivation is to expose the center of the seedling. Strawberry growth must have an adequate supply of nutrients, and the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which is carried out before planting. Due to the high planting density of strawberries, it is inconvenient to fertilize during the growing period, so the base fertilizer had better be applied at one time, the general application of chicken manure is not less than 30t/hm2 or high-quality barnyard manure is not less than 75t/hm2, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added. Organic manure should be spread evenly after it is rotten. Topdressing adopts the principle of "a small amount of fertilizer for many times", gives priority to quick-acting fertilizer, and grasps the principle of suitable nitrogen and increasing phosphorus and potassium. Generally, from buckling shed to budding, fertilizer can be applied once every 10 days. Compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is the main fertilizer, and the dosage is 300kg/hm2. Usually combined with spraying in the middle and later stages, organic nutrient solutions such as 0.3% Mel 0.5% urea, 0.3% Mel 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% Rue 0.3% boric acid, 0.03% manganese sulfate, 0.01% ammonium molybdate, multicomponent micro-fertilizers or phytins are sprayed on the leaves to promote the good development of fruits in the middle and later stages, and to increase fruit weight and sugar content. Extra-root topdressing is most needed at bud stage, flowering stage and flower bud differentiation stage. The suitable spraying time is 16 ∶ 00ml 17 ∶ 00. A lot of water is needed during seedling raising and after planting, and appropriate amount of water should be irrigated in time, as long as it is not too dry in early spring, and irrigation should not be too large; water should be properly controlled at the end of autumn to prevent plants from growing green, which is disadvantageous to overwintering; frozen water should be irrigated once before soil freezing to facilitate strawberries to survive the winter safely; the soil is easy to be short of water after plastic shed. About a week before flowering, stop watering; after flowering combined with fertilization watering; fruit hypertrophy period should pay special attention to irrigation, strawberry is especially suitable for drip irrigation, where there are conditions, it is best to use drip irrigation, drip irrigation must not soak the fruit to prevent fruit decay and pollution.

IV. Plant management

The plant growth of strawberry in greenhouse was accelerated after heat preservation, the tillers and stolons were removed in time, generally, each plant retained at most 1 or 2 more robust tillers, and the old, senile and diseased leaves were removed in time. Gibberellin treatment is generally carried out about 7 days after covering the film in the greenhouse (when the weather is fine). The concentration of Fengxiang variety is generally controlled around 7mg/kg, and the dosage is 10~12kg solution for each standard greenhouse. Choose fine weather spraying, if the plant growth has not been significantly improved after spraying, it can be sprayed again in the bud stage. Strawberries are numerous inflorescences, and many flowers should be thinned as soon as possible. Generally, it can be carried out after flowering, mainly leaving grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 flowers, and first removing grade 4 and 5 buds, black flowers (frozen flowers) and severely deformed fruits. Generally speaking, there are 6 or 7 fruits in the apical inflorescence of each strawberry, and the amount of fruit retained in each inflorescence depends on the growth and harvest. There should be no more than 15 large and small fruits at the same time. Combined with the work of thinning buds and flowers, the old leaves and peduncles are removed at any time.

Picture: strawberry planting in greenhouse

V. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and rodents

Timely removal of diseased leaves, diseased fruits and dead old leaves, pull out diseased plants, concentrate on burning, clean up the countryside, and keep the small arch shed clean and ventilated. The main diseases of strawberry are Botrytis cinerea, powdery mildew, etc. Botrytis cinerea is sprayed with 2000 times of 50% Sukeling wettable powder or 2000 times of 50% prohydantoin, and powdery mildew is sprayed with 1500-2000 times of 10% high water-soluble granules. Insect pests are mainly aphids, red spiders, ground tigers, grubs, mole crickets, ants and so on. Underground pests can be treated with soil chemicals during soil preparation, grubs and ground tigers can be used to control water 8250kg with 1500 times of imidacloprid. The voles were poisoned with 7.5% rodenticide bait.

VI. Timely harvest

The fruit changes from green to milky white, the whole shoulder and bottom of the fruit are all red, the appearance is bright, the fruit is fragrant, that is, the harvest time is the best, and the fruit quality is the best. For long-distance transportation and sale, strawberries 8 can be picked and shipped when they are ripe. Varieties with fine meat quality can be harvested near full maturity. Pick the fruit together with the stalk in real time. The appropriate time for picking every day is after the dew dries to before the heat comes.

[editor's conclusion] Strawberry has high nutritional value and health care effect, so it is very popular in the market. Using greenhouse technology to grow strawberries can not only meet the market demand, but also effectively improve the quality of strawberries and bring better economic benefits. Above for you to introduce the greenhouse strawberry planting technology, I hope to be able to help you!