Growth environment and cultivation techniques of kumquat fruit trees

Variety classification of kumquat

Kumquat is usually divided into ordinary kumquat and slippery kumquat. Let's take a look at the difference between these two kinds of kumquat.

1. Kumquat

Kumquat (including flame, gold, honey, embroidery, kumquat, golden bullet, golden jujube, etc.) belongs to Yun spice, is a spiny evergreen shrub, tree height of more than 1 meter, up to 4 meters. The diameter of the crown is more than 2 meters. Branches orbicular, slightly angular, internodes short, 9 nodes spur ca. 1 cm. The thorn is 3.2mi 3.8 cm long, the thorn end is sharp, yellow, transverse and emitted under the leaf. Ye Musheng, born quite closely. The tip of the new leaf is slightly obtusely serrated, the petiole is short and has narrow wings. The flower is white, 5-merous, calyx narrow, florescence 6 ━ September, the first flowering before and after Grain in Beard: the second flowering the Summer Solstice to Lesser Fullness of Grain: the third flowering in small, large flowers; the fourth and fifth flowering before and after the Beginning of Autumn. It didn't blossom until after osmanthus fruit. Orange fruits usually begin to ripen in mid-October and enter picking.

The fruit is oval and orbicular in shape, with a diameter of 2.49mi 3.2 cm and a height (length) of 2.73 Mel 3.35 cm. The center of the fruit is hypertrophy, both ends are gradually smaller, the top of the fruit is smooth, the end of the row is slightly concave, slightly grooved, the column point is quite small, when mature, the luster is shining, the fruit is yellow-green or golden yellow, the fruit section is fragrant, and the pericarp is 4mm thick. The oil bubbles are light orange. The flesh is difficult to separate and succulent, sour and sweet. Each fruit contains 5-8 seeds, and each orange tree produces 8-10 kg of fruit.

The seedlings of ① began to blossom and bear fruit in 5 ~ 6 years, and they could be harvested for 40-50 years and 100 years respectively.

② grafted seedlings began to blossom and bear fruit in 3-5 years, which was earlier than that of seedlings. Early income. Pressed seedlings are basically similar to grafted seedlings.

2. Smooth-skinned kumquat

Slippery kumquat is a newly developed excellent variety. Kumquat is upright, with a height of 1.5m, crown diameter of 2m, stem circumference of 40cm, trunk height of 1.8m, smooth unprickly, grayish brown, and thin, soft and smooth vegetative branches. Leaves verticillate, elliptic lanceolate, 6.3 cm long, 2 mi 3.1 cm wide, petiole 1.1 cm long, leaves all green, apex obtuse, boat-shaped, tail 1 knot 3 wavy, leaf surface dark green, leaf back light green, main vein raised, lateral reticulate veins obvious. Flowers white, 3-merous, mostly 5-merous, spoon-shaped, 1.12 cm long and 0.42 cm wide, apex oily inconspicuously brittle and smooth. The pedicel is 0.53 cm long and the petals turn outward when they open. The florescence of kumquat was 5 days earlier than that of ordinary kumquat, and it opened 4 times from June to August.

The fruit is orchard-shaped or oval-shaped, and the pericarp is crisp and slippery. The single fruit is large and heavy, 23.6 grams, tight meat, yellow and white, more than 20% soluble solids, sweet and crisp fruit, no hot and sour taste. The epidermis is thin and tough, which is more resistant to storage than ordinary kumquat, and the mature period is from November to January of the following year.

Requirements for planting environment of kumquat

1. Growth habits

Kumquat is a neutral tree species. Seedling stage and young forest stage neutral partial shade, after the forest neutral partial sun, like warm and humid climate, like fertilizer, afraid of waterlogging, avoid drought, excessive light, exposure is prone to sunburn. For planting in mountainous area, it is better to choose north direction, northeast direction or southeast direction, which can adapt to a wide range of soil acidity and alkalinity, and the slightly acidic soil of 5.5 color 6.5 is the most suitable. Strong cold resistance. It grows fast. The seedlings born in two years are as high as 60-70 cm.

① smoke slightly from late April to early May for 28 days, summer slightly in late June and mid-July for 25-28 days. Autumn smokes a little in the middle of August and stops in the middle and late September for 30 days.

② florescence: the first flowering is in mid-late June, the second flowering is in mid-late July, the third flowering is in mid-late August, the fourth flowering is from early September to October, and it takes about 150Mel 170 days from flowering to fruit ripening.

2. Growing soil environment

Kumquat is suitable for planting in mountainous areas. Hills, low mountains and middle mountain areas with an elevation of 200 to 500 meters above sea level, especially in river valleys, are surrounded by mountains to prevent cold currents) to prevent low temperature and wind damage. Kumquat tree belongs to mycorrhizal plant, and its root system has the characteristics of good gas, good fertilizer and good humidity. therefore, in the land where orange forest is planted, it is better to use black sandy soil or yellow sandy soil with strong water storage and fertility, high natural fertility and deep soil layer. in order to promote the mycorrhizal growth of orange forest.

3. Climatic conditions for the growth of kumquat.

① temperature: orange forest requires a mild climate, with an average annual temperature of 19 ℃. The hottest July, the monthly average temperature is 27.9 ℃, and the coldest January, the monthly average temperature is 8.5 ℃. In the past 30 years, the extreme maximum temperature in the county was 38.6 ℃ (January 1971) and the extreme minimum temperature was 5.5 ℃ below zero (January 1963). The average frost-free period is 290 days. It was not found that the golden orange forest was damaged by high temperature freezing.

② rainfall: the average annual rainfall is 1942.5 per cent, the rainfall in June accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the annual rainfall, and the rainfall in December or January only accounts for 2.5 per cent of the annual rainfall, and no failure of orange harvest caused by too little rainfall has been found.

③ humidity: the air humidity is too high, the orange fruit contains more water, and the skin is delicate. On the contrary, if the air is too dry, the orange fruit will underdevelop, resulting in small peel and light meat. During the flowering and fruiting period of inferior kumquat, the humidity is more than 80%.

④ sunshine hours: the total number of sunshine hours in the whole year is 1416.3 hours, accounting for 32% of the local sunshine hours. More sunshine hours in summer and autumn, less sunshine hours in winter and spring, 502.2 hours in summer, 47.4 hours in autumn, 214.3 hours in winter) 228.4 hours in spring. The high yield and high quality of kumquat is more sunshine in spring and autumn and less Menglie in summer.

Cultivation techniques of kumquat

1. Sowing and raising seedlings

① seed selection and seed treatment: first of all, select the excellent single fruit, process the extruded seeds, wash the mucus in clean water in time, remove the unplump seeds, leave the plump seeds, and sow them in the shade and dry. If they are not sown at the time, they can be stored with 3 to 4 portions of fine sand. Layer-by-layer accumulation, stored in a certain temperature and dry, ventilated place, but also to prevent excessive dryness or too wet to make the seeds lose their germination power.

② nursery land selection: choose leeward overcast valleys or hilly slopes as nursery land. The sandy soil with deep fertile soil, loose soil and good aggregate structure is required. Where the soil layer is shallow and thin, the texture and grain weight are not suitable for nursery land. Also pay attention to convenient transportation in order to transport seedlings. The arrangement of the nursery land must be ploughed once in winter before sowing, and ploughed again in the early spring of the following year, with a depth of more than a foot, the soil surface should be raked flat and broken, and the high or low beds should be opened according to the water level.

③ sowing at the right time: spring sowing in February and March, and winter sowing in November. The sowing rate is 10 to 15 kilograms per mu. Sowing method, sowing in trenches on the border surface. Put 15 to 20 piculs of human and animal dung water per mu, 30 to 40 piculs of barnyard manure, and 15 to 25 kilograms of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer. The row spacing is 3 inches and the grain spacing is 1.5 to 2 inches. Then cover it with three-tenths of thick plant ash or fine sand. The side of the box is covered with a layer of straw or weeds for water conservation and drought prevention. When the seeds emerge from 2 to 4 true leaves, they should be pseudo-planted with a row spacing of 5 × 3 inches. If you do not engage in fake planting, it is necessary to relax the line spacing.

④ seedling management: the seedlings must be watered frequently before being unearthed to keep the soil moist. Topsoil consolidation should be loosened with bamboo sticks to facilitate seed germination and unearth. when the seedlings reach two true leaves, sprinkle with 5 piculs of rotten dung water and 8 to 5 piculs of water per mu. Apply dilute dung water to the roots every half month. Be careful not to let the feces stick to the leaves. Loosen the soil and weed before fertilizing, and water should be drenched in dry weather. To keep the soil loose and free from weeds, we should pay attention to the harm of livestock and diseases and pests. When the seedlings grow up to 1.5 feet, pick the core buds once to promote multiple branches, and all the branches more than 8 inches in the trunk should be cut off in order to cultivate a good tree type.

⑤ transplantation: it is better to transplant in south wind weather in spring. Choose seedlings with thick stem, strong growth, straight, well-developed root system, no diseases and insect pests, 1.5 feet in height and thick green leaves. On the contrary, they should be eliminated. Two days before the seedling, water should be drenched once to make the soil moist. Do not dig up the main root, and cut off 1/3 of the main root. The planting size is 5 × 7 feet. First dig the pit 1 foot deep, first put the topsoil bacon, and then put the new soil to compact to keep the seedlings upright. If the soil is dry, it should be drenched with root water.

⑥ orchard management: if there are dead seedlings after planting, make up in time, plant short stalk crops such as fragrant valley, green manure, mung bean and taro between rows in the first one or two years, and do not interplant tall crops such as Muru, so as not to affect the growth of orange seedlings. After stopping interplanting, dig deep in January and February every two years, five or six inches deep. Shovel grass once a year when you are ambushed. Shovel weeds should not accumulate in the trees, so as not to collect insects. The orange tree is upright and the growth potential is very strong. It is necessary to do a good job of pruning and cutting the top, control the upright growth too high, let it have too many branches, and form a luxuriant crown, so as to create conditions for increasing fruit yield and convenient fruit harvest in the future.

2. Selective grafting

Kumquat grafted seedlings have the characteristics of fast fruiting, short branches, no thorns or less thorns, high yield and high quality. When grafting, the excellent single plant scion should be grafted with shell stock or kumquat stock.

3. Weeding and fertilization

For the care of Golden Orange Forest, weeding has always been done once a year. With the progress of society, the progress of science and technology. The practice is to first remove weeds and reclaim land, and then apply 55 kg of urea, 86 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium chloride, 173 kg of tung bran and 49 kg of lime per mu for 4 consecutive years. The average yield per mu is 524 kg in the first year, 303 kg higher than that without fertilization, an increase of 137.7%, and 628 kg in the second year, an increase of 518.2%. In the third year, it increased to 579kg, an increase of 227.8%; in the fourth year, it increased to 1279 kg, an increase of 352.5%.

4. Renewal of old trees

Thirty or forty years later, the orange trees were already old, with extremely low output and poor quality. some of them were eaten by longicorn beetles, the trunk was hollow, and the transport tissue was destroyed, resulting in withered, yellow and dead branches, so the old trees should be renewed. In March, April and May, respectively, the trunk of the old orange tree was sawed off at a height of 4 inches on the flat ground, and the compound fertilizer was applied to 5 public halls. It began to sprout 38 days after sawing. By September 30, about 4 months, the average bud height was 96.3 cm.

Diseases and insect pests and their control

(1) Prevention and control of diseases

According to the general survey, there are 8 kinds of kumquat diseases, namely, fruit cracking, scab, anthrax, plaster disease, soot disease, lichen moss fresh disease, powdery mildew, canker and so on. There are 23 kinds of insect pests, namely, red spider, inchworm, brown longicorn beetle, longicorn beetle, leaf moth, tea bag moth, orange bugs, snails, sugar tablets, brown orchard, pear orchard, brown soft medium, pink medium, branch insect, Phoenix butterfly, sagittal insect, red wax, moth, yellow spider, malignant leaf bug, long snout bug big green bug, gall mosquito and so on. Gall mosquitoes are monophagous pests, and the harm of gall mosquitoes in orange forest is very serious. This insect belongs to Diptera, and the adult is 3 to 4 mm long. Wingspan 6-8 mm. It is reddish; the larva is about 2 mm long, milky white, spindle-shaped or maggot-shaped. Its larvae specialize in harming leaf and flower buds. The damaged orange trees can not spit flowers slightly, which seriously affects the development, growth, flowering and fruiting of orange trees. In particular, adult trees suffer more seriously than young trees and trench trees than trees on the slope. in general, the injury rate is about 7%, and more than 14%.

1. Prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer

① is harmful to leaves, branches and fruit, causing fallen leaves and fruit, and the back of the leaves shows yellow watery spots at the beginning, then gradually expands and shows near-circular shape, raised on both sides, rough Lignification, with cracks in the center, and finally grayish brown, ulcerated, surrounded by yellow halo rings, serious cases cause deciduous leaves, canker bacteria spread with wind and rain, and the occurrence of ulcer bacteria is the most serious in 20 to 30 ℃ and moist climate.

② prevention and control measures

A, rational fertilization. Prevent new leaves from growing too fast and enhance disease resistance.

B, drug prevention and treatment

First, use 0.25 kg of copper sulfate, 0.5 kg of quicklime and 50 kg of water to form Bordeaux liquid spray.

Second, spray with 600 times of Dysenamine.

Third, the use of acetaminophen 600 times (that is, 12.5 kg of water 20 ml spray).

Fourth, spray with streptomycin 800000 units (that is, a small bag with about 100kg of water) spray.

2. Prevention and control of anthrax.

① harmful symptoms: anthrax harms leaves, branches and fruits, and causes branches to dry up and fruit drop when it is serious. This damage to seedlings will cause branches and leaves to fall, and when serious, the whole plant will dry up. This disease is common in kumquat bases.

② prevention and control measures

A, strengthen the cultivation management, strengthen the tree potential, increase the application of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer, do a good job in loosening soil and weeding in orange orchard, and keep wet and dry moderately.

B, removal, diseased leaves, diseased branches, etc.

C. Use 5% Dysenamine 500 to 800 times. Or methamphetamine 600 times spray. Spray once every 10 days or so, and use the medicine twice in a row.

(2) Prevention and control of insect pests

1. Control of longicorn beetles

① captures adults artificially. In March, adults fly out to lay eggs (Anoplophora alternatus comes out at noon to mate and spawn every evening) to catch it.

② uses iron wire deep into the hole to remove dust, soak cotton with tung oil, add a little dichlorvos or trichlorfon: insert it into the wormhole and seal the hole with oil to kill the larvae.

③ was made of whitening agent (7.5kg of quicklime, 0.75kg of salt, 0.75kg of sulphur powder, 0.075 kg of lard and 18kg of water). It was applied before the adult Daniel flies out in March to lay eggs. Each time you apply it, it lasts for two months to three months. It is better to apply it once in May and July respectively. If it is found that there are larvae on the trunk, it should be removed and repainted. Whitening agent can not only control longicorn beetle oviposition, but also control lichen moss and some scale insects.

2. Control inchworm

After pupation, the larvae were artificially dug around the tree trunk and sprayed with 90% trichlorfon or 1000 times dichlorvos to kill the first instar larvae.

3. Control leaf miner.

Spray with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 5000 times of deltamethrin solution.

4. Control red spiders

① uses stone-sulfur mixture, Baume 0.3 to 0.5 degrees in spring and 0.8 to 1 degrees in winter.

② trichloropropanol 20% emulsion 600 to 1000 times spray kill.

③ imidophos 40% emulsion 1000 to 1500 times spray kill.

④ detergent is used at intervals of 150 to 200 times with other drugs.

5. Control gall mosquitoes

Its drug use is the same as the control of red spider and leaf miner.

Processing of golden orange fruit

1. Preparation of salt embryo of kumquat.

The formula is 50 kg kumquat and 34 kg raw salt. Technological process: raw material (orange fruit) → salted → exposure → back soft → re-sun → finished products. The processing method is to cut 4-6 cracks one by one with an orange knife or a knife, press the orange core out, pour it into the pool and sprinkle the salt into the pond, cover it with bamboo utensils and soak it for 7 minutes, remove and dry the dried kumquat, then salt the dried kumquat with a layer of golden straw and a layer of salt, fill the pool (or tank) with bamboo mat and cover it with bamboo mat for about 30 days, remove and dry it, soften it and dry it again to form a kumquat salt embryo.

Salt embryo kumquat can be used to make the following foods: processed into snow kumquat, kumquat candied fruit, pearl kumquat, appetizer kumquat, preserved kumquat, kumquat seed and many kinds of canned kumquat with delicious colors.

2. Brewing kumquat wine

Kumquat fresh fruit can be used to brew kumquat wine.

3. Fresh fruit purchase specifications

According to the market trading situation in 1984, it is divided into four grades: 36 first-class fruits per 0.5 kg, 45 second-class fruits per 0.5 kg, 60 third-grade fruits per 0.5 kg, and more than 65 fourth-grade fruits per 0.5 kg.

Storage of golden orange fruit

In order to meet the needs of the market and improve the economic benefits, six storage and preservation methods of fruits are described below.

1. Preparation before storage and preservation

Orange fruit should be 80% ripe and golden yellow. It is better to pick fruit on a continuous sunny day, in order to reduce water content, to pick, put and transport lightly, so as to avoid bruising. Do not have diseases and insect pests, the storage room must be strictly disinfected, keep clean, not only cool and ventilated, but also keep constant temperature, especially do not come into contact with the smell of alcohol.

2. Several fresh-keeping methods

First, loose hair fresh-keeping method. The practice is: take the upstairs room or the auxiliary wood floor room as the storeroom, spread a layer of 0.8 meters wide nylon film on the board as the compartment, the length is appropriate to the size of the room. Put a layer of orange fruit on the film, cover with a layer of short branch pine hair, the thickness of orange fruit and pine hair is 30mur40cm, then cover with a layer of film.

Second, the preservation of wood chaff. The practice is: use sun-dried fresh wood chaff (avoid camphor wood bran), a layer of fruit layer of wood chaff installed in the bamboo basket or spread on the floor. The thickness of fruit chaff is 30ml / 40cm.

Third, sand preservation method. The way to do this is to use clean dry fine sand. One layer of fruit and one layer of sand, the total thickness of sand and fresh fruit is 30cm to 40cm.

Fourth, the method of keeping blighted grain fresh. The practice is to use sun-dried and fresh blighted husk, a layer of blighted husk, and the thickness of blighted husk and fruit is 40 Mel 50 cm.

Fifth, carton fresh-keeping method. One layer of fruit and one layer of white paper, packed into 80% of the carton space. The thickness is 30 to 40 centimeters.

Sixth, nylon bag fresh note. The way to do it is: each small nylon bag contains 1.5 kilograms of fruit, and put it in the storeroom. The temperature in the storeroom for the first time is relatively high, so it is not suitable to tie up the mouth of the bag to prevent the water vapor from rising and rotten fruit, but when it is cold and low temperature, it is necessary to tie up the mouth of the bag so as not to freeze the fruit.

The above fresh-keeping methods. Generally, it can be kept fresh for 3 months, and the rate of good fruit is about 80-95%.

[bonsai of fruit trees] cultivation techniques and pruning techniques of fruit trees

The eco-environmental benefits of fruit trees, fruit trees generally have strong adaptability, not only can be planted in the plain, but also in sand wasteland, hills, coastal and other places to grow.

Do you know anything about fruit tree cultivation? Today, the editor will briefly introduce the cultivation techniques of fruit trees. . in the cultivation techniques of fruit trees, we should first select good fruit tree varieties, select good varieties, seedlings should be pure, and adapt to the local natural environment. 1. Viewing the root system: the root system of fine fruit tree seedlings should have more lateral roots and fibrous roots, and the distribution is uniform. The first and second grade seedlings should have more than 3 lateral roots, and the roots can not lose water. 2. Specification selection: the seedling height of fine fruit trees is 1-1.3 meters, and the ground diameter is 0.8-1 centimeters. The ground diameter of grape seedlings is not less than 0.6 cm. 3. Germination status: there must be more than 6 full and full leaf buds in the shaping belt below the fixed drying position, in order to send out good branches after fixed drying, and grape seedlings must have 3 or 4 full buds with high maturity. 4. with or without diseases and insect pests: select seedlings free of diseases and insect pests, and seedlings that belong to the quarantine scope must have quarantine certificates. . the cultivation techniques of fruit trees should choose suitable land and suitable trees. In front of the house, peaches, bayberries and pomegranates can be planted; pears, persimmons, chestnuts and dates can be planted on both sides of the house. Potted kumquat, grape, fig, pomegranate, dwarf peach can be planted in windowsill, drying table, roof platform, low wall, etc., and pay attention to the configuration of different varieties of fruit trees in the morning, middle and evening. . fruit tree cultivation technology, choose convenient irrigation, ventilation and light, loose and fertile soil neutral soil planting. Most of the fruit trees are perennial herbaceous plants, so they should apply sufficient base fertilizer, plant spacing 40ml 70cm, deep plough 20ml 30cm, and then level the land into strips 70 cm wide, with the border surface 10 cm above the ground. Select about 15 cm high, many branches, sturdy branches, luxuriant leaves, no diseases and insect pests strong seedling colonization, to product zigzag planting, generally to tonight planting is appropriate, after planting enough fixed root water. .. management is very important in fruit tree cultivation techniques. Loosening soil and weeding are generally carried out 3-5 times a year to prevent soil hardening, reasonable watering to cultivate soil and support seedlings, ginseng needs a large amount of fertilizer, timely fertilization according to plant needs, timely spraying of medicinal herbs Root Daling, it can promote the transport of foliar photosynthesis products (nutrients) to the root system, improve the nutrient conversion rate and the ability of loosening soil. The rhizome was expanded rapidly and the content of effective substances was greatly increased. . attention should be paid to the cultivation techniques of fruit trees. The main results are as follows: 1. The dormancy period of fruit trees is from defoliation in winter to before sprouting in the following year. At this time, almost all the diseases and insects of fruit trees began to hide into the overwintering nest, do not eat and move, and went into hibernation. Therefore, this is the best time to control diseases and insect pests of fruit trees every year. 2. after the trunk is whitened into winter, the young trunk and trunk are scraped off the rough skin and warped skin in time, which can not only increase the effect of pest control, but also help to prevent fruit trees from freezing. There are two commonly used whitening agents, lime-sulfur mixture and lime-copper sulfate mixture. . fruit tree cultivation technology is a very complex problem, different fruit tree cultivation is not the same, the editor here can only briefly introduce fruit tree cultivation techniques, there are still many fruit tree cultivation techniques have not been mentioned, the editor will add later. I hope you will pay attention to the amount of the editor. What are the cultivation techniques and methods of potted orange trees? what pruning should be paid attention to?

While visiting the botanical garden, I came across several pots of potted orange trees at the gate of the botanical garden. the small kumquat hung all over the small tree, which made people look very festive and couldn't help but want to touch these small oranges. Imagine if you can plant a few such potted orange trees in spring and summer, and taste sweet and sour oranges in autumn. It's really a pleasant thing. So how can we plant potted orange trees, and what are the cultivation techniques of potted orange trees? What should be paid attention to in pruning potted orange trees?

Looking at the beauty of the potted orange tree, it really takes a lot of effort to plant the potted orange tree. The following editor introduces the cultivation techniques of the potted orange tree to everyone.

The planting methods of potted orange trees are as follows:

First, select the container

The containers of potted fruit trees are mainly round, so that the roots can spread evenly around. At the same time, the containers need to be permeated and breathable to ensure the oxygen demand for root growth and prevent the rotting roots caused by stagnant water in the containers.

Among all kinds of texture containers, sukiyaki pot is the most suitable for planting fruit trees. When using other texture containers, in order to overcome the disadvantage of poor air permeability, you can lay 5 cm thick coarse sand at the bottom of the basin, pad a layer of new tiles along the inner wall, and then fill the soil to plant trees.

II. Soil, fertilizer and water management

1. Prepare basin soil

The basin soil suitable for the growth of fruit trees is generally neutral (PH value is 4.5 Mel 7.5), sandy loam or sandy soil rich in humus. When preparing, 4 parts of ripe pastoral soil, 2 parts of river sand, 1 part of plant ash, fully mixed evenly, crushed and screened. The culture soil should be disinfected before use, such as cooking disinfection, baking disinfection or medicine (1.5% formalin) disinfection.

2. Fertilizer and water management

Because the root system of fruit trees can only absorb nutrients from the basin, only the organic fertilizer in the basin can not meet the needs of the growth and development of fruit trees, so we must pay attention to fertilizer and water management during the growing period. Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, reasonably mixed with chemical fertilizer, mixed with rotten organic fertilizer before sprouting, with an appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer, about 1 kg of fertilizer and water per plant to promote sprouting and blooming neatly; extra-root topdressing in the fruit setting period after flowering, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea, sprayed twice every 15 days to promote the expansion of young fruit and the growth of new shoots. Applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at 20 tons 30 days before harvest, applying 40 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in each pot, and then pouring water thoroughly can increase the number of fruits and improve the quality. After the fruit was harvested, the ternary compound fertilizer was applied again and watered. Before the defoliation of fruit trees in autumn, rotten soil fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer. Watering should be strictly controlled during the dormant period, so that the basin soil is only dry.

3. Pour the basin

As the nutrients in the potted soil are absorbed by the fruit trees or washed away in frequent watering, the pots should be emptied in time every 2-3 years to replace the new nutrient soil. After the lump of soil is deducted upside down, cut off the 3cm thick old root around the basin soil, mix the organic fertilizer and nutritious soil to fill the bottom, then bring the lump of soil into the basin, and then add fertile soil around to fill it, and pour water once.

This is the cultivation technology of potted orange trees. Everything will not be fine after planting potted orange trees. If you want to make orange trees bear fruit, you also need timely pruning and maintenance of potted orange trees. What should be paid attention to in potted orange tree pruning? Next, let's study together.

The main results are as follows: 1. the tree shape of potted fruit trees can be shaped with rich imagination according to the different requirements of upright and sagging of fruit trees, such as natural round head shape, tower shape, single-branch cliff shape, two-branch deer horn shape, three-branch cup shape, weeping willow shape, dragon curve shape and so on. It should not only be beneficial to the result, but also have aesthetic effect and improve its ornamental value.

2. Chemical control technology is applied in spray shaping to dwarf the tree. In summer, foliar spraying plant growth retarders (such as dwarf, paclobutrazol, etc.) should be applied three times in the vigorous growth period of potted fruit trees, which can make the branches stout, the internodes shorter and the plants dwarf. In addition, the main measures to promote flower dwarfing and shape pruning are: wiping buds, picking hearts, taking branches, twigs, ring cutting, retraction, renewal, pulling branches and so on. And through the opening branch angle and thinning long branches, dense branches and ineffective branches and other methods to enhance the light to form an ideal tree shape.

3. Flower and fruit management when the number of flower buds of fruit trees is large, the flowers should be thinned in the bud stage, and fruit thinning should be carried out after the physiological fruit drop period; if the number of flower buds is small, more flowers can be left. Artificial pollination should be carried out at the same time.

The above is all about the cultivation techniques of potted orange trees and the matters needing attention in the pruning of potted orange trees. The editor really thinks that raising a pot of oranges is not easy like taking care of a baby all the time. But I believe that as long as you work hard to take care of it, it will certainly live up to your president's lush and fruitful coming year!