Introduction to seed price and planting method of broccoli

Broccoli, also known as green cauliflower, green cauliflower, broccoli, etc., is a Brassica-biennial herb of the cruciferous family. It originated from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It was first planted in Taiwan Province after it was introduced into China at the end of the 19th century. Later, it was also cultivated in Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Beijing, Shanghai and other places. Now it is widely cultivated in the north and south of our country. Let's take a look at the seed price and planting methods of broccoli.

How much is the broccoli seed per gram?

The price of broccoli seeds is about 1220 yuan per gram, but it varies greatly due to the quality, variety, origin and market of the seeds. In the production of broccoli, varieties with strong plant growth, dark green buds, few burnt buds, round flower heads, few lateral buds, small buds, large flower heads, disease resistance, heat resistance, cold tolerance and wide adaptability should be selected. such as excellent, dragon green, landscape, Yuguan, Oriental Lubao, Wanlu, Lvxiu and other varieties, but must meet the national second-class seed standards before use.

What kinds of broccoli do you have?

1. Excellent: early-maturing varieties, with a prominent mushroom-shaped top, dark green in color, a single bulb weighing 350 to 400 grams, tight bulbs, fine buds, good merchandise and few lateral branches, suitable for cultivation in early spring and autumn.

2. Future: early-maturing varieties, suitable for close planting upright varieties, rosette mushroom-shaped, thick green color, full shape, good commerciality, suitable for autumn cultivation.

3. Landscapes: medium-ripe varieties, vigorous growth, large degree of development, single ball weight of about 500 grams, semicircle, tight flower bulb, thin buds, turquoise, poor cold resistance, but strong stress resistance.

4. Green belt: medium-ripe variety, single ball weighs about 500 grams, vigorous growth, good quality, semicircle, main side flower bulb, easy to hollow when fertilizer and water is easy to be hollow, high temperature and rain is easy to appear all over the sky, frost is easy to purple.

5. Holy green: middle and late maturing varieties, vigorous growth, cold tolerance, single ball weight of about 500 grams, semicircle, fine buds, thick green, not easy to hollow.

Planting conditions of broccoli

1. Light: broccoli likes sufficient light, and when the light is sufficient, the plant grows healthily, and it can form a strong nutrient body, which is conducive to photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation, so that the flower ball is compact and compact, and the color is bright green and good quality. but too much sunshine in midsummer is also not conducive to growth and development.

2. Temperature: broccoli has strong cold and heat tolerance. In the range of 5-20 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the faster the growth and development is. The optimum temperature for germination, seedling stage, rosette stage and rosette stage are 20-25 ℃, 15-20 ℃, 20-22 ℃ and 15-18 ℃, respectively.

3. Moisture: broccoli needs more water in the growth process, especially in the period of vigorous leaf growth and flower head formation, but rainy or high soil moisture at seedling stage can easily cause black rot, black spot, etc., and the field capacity of soil moisture is 70% and 80% during flower head formation.

4. Soil: broccoli is suitable to be planted on loam and sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation, deep plough layer, loose and fertile soil and strong water and fertility conservation. The range of PH is 5.5-8, and 6 is the best. During the whole growth process, the ratio of N, P and K is 14:5:8.

Sowing methods of broccoli

1. Sowing time: the sowing time of autumn double mulching cultivation of broccoli is early July, overwintering cultivation in solar greenhouse from late July to August, early spring cultivation in solar greenhouse from early September to early October, early spring cultivation in plastic greenhouse and small arch greenhouse in November, spring plastic film cultivation in January.

2. Seed soaking treatment: the broccoli seeds were soaked in 33 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes and stirred continuously, stopped when the water temperature dropped to 20 ℃, continued to soak in warm water for 4 hours, rinsed with clean water and then germinated.

3. Seed germination: soaked seeds of broccoli are wrapped in wet cotton gauze and germinated at a temperature of 30 ℃. Rinse with clean water once a day and sow when 60% of the seeds are white.

4. seedling bed selection: the seedling stage of broccoli is relatively short, and the seedling bed is selected in the fields with high terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, soil rich in organic matter, no cruciferous vegetables or rice in the past two years, and the direction of the seedling bed should be north-south.

5. Apply sufficient basic fertilizer: turn deeply 15-20 days before sowing broccoli, apply 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer plus 5 kg of superphosphate or splash 2500 kg of rotten acquaintance manure and urine in the first 7-10 days, dig and rake the land, and make a seeding bed about 1.2m wide.

6. Dressing and sowing: before sowing broccoli, the seedling bed was watered once and 1000 times phoxim and other chemicals were applied. When sowing, the seeds were mixed with an appropriate amount of sand and evenly sowed in the seedbed. After sowing, they were suppressed with a shovel, and then sprinkled with 0.1% carbendazim and dimethazone.

7. Sunshade and heat preservation: after the broccoli was sown in summer, the seedling bed laid a layer of sunshade net, set up a small arch shed, then covered with a layer of sunshade net, carried out double-layer sunshade, moisturizing and cooling seedlings, and used a layer of plastic film and a layer of greenhouse film in winter and spring to cover and keep warm seedlings.

The planting method of broccoli

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: the root system of broccoli is relatively shallow, so it is required to plant in the land of fertile soil, water and fertilizer conservation. Generally, 100 kg of organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 25 kg of compound fertilizer and 2 kg of borax are used as base fertilizer per mu. Cultivated land rake flat ditch fertilization.

2. Reasonable planting: when the growth of broccoli reaches 6 leaves, the seedling can be transplant when the soil temperature of 10 cm is more than 10 ℃ and the seedling age is 30-35 days. The transplanting seedling can not exceed the cotyledon mark, let alone bury the growing point, and pour water after transplanting.

3. Intermediate ploughing management: within 2 days of transplanting, broccoli should inspect the field and replenish seedlings in time, give sufficient nutrients and water, loosen the soil, keep the lower soil moist, properly intertillage, eradicate weeds, generally intertillage once, subsoiling combined with topdressing once, artificial weeds twice.

4. Topdressing method: 5 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, 25 kg of compound fertilizer and 10 kg of potassium sulfate were applied in broccoli planting for 7-10 days, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or 0.05-0.10% borax and ammonium molybdate solution were sprayed at the initial stage of flower bulb formation.

5. Irrigation methods: broccoli needs a little more water than other crops. in addition to properly controlling soil moisture in the seedling stage, sufficient water should be ensured in other growth and development stages, generally using artificial furrow irrigation or mechanical sprinkler irrigation, preferably with advanced sprinkler irrigation equipment.

6. Remove the lateral branches: the top bulb of broccoli is a special variety, and the lateral branches should be removed before the appearance of the bulb. The lateral branches of the varieties used both at the top and the side should be removed, generally leaving 1 or 2 strong lateral branches in the upper part, so as to reduce nutrient consumption.

7. Temperature management: the normal temperature of broccoli is about 25 ℃ when the flower bulb begins to form, and the high temperature of 30 ℃ in the field can not exceed three days in a row. Temperature control measures should be taken for more than three days, such as artificial leaf covering, mulch cover, artificial rainfall and so on.

8. Pest control: broccoli is prone to many kinds of diseases and insect pests. After transplantation, we should investigate and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in time, spray internal inhalers as preventive agents, fumigation and contact killing as control agents, and use green and pollution-free pesticides for prevention and control.

Introduction to planting time and Seedling-raising techniques of broccoli

Broccoli originates in the eastern coastal area of the Mediterranean. At present, it has been cultivated in both the south and the north of China. It has become one of the main daily vegetables with rich nutrients, including protein, sugar, fat, vitamins and carotene. Its nutritional composition ranks first among similar vegetables. It is known as the "vegetable crown" and has high planting prospects. Let's take a look at the planting time of broccoli.

Planting time of broccoli

The planting time of broccoli usually begins to sow in autumn, grows in winter, goes on the table normally after the Spring Festival, blossoms in spring to seed maturity in April and May, and seedlings in summer and autumn are raised in the high temperature season from August to October, when the temperature is generally above 25 ℃, sometimes 30-35 ℃, coupled with the harm of rainstorm and hail, so shade net is used to raise seedlings in the open field, and the seedling age is generally 35-40 days. Sowing or direct hole planting can be used, the average seedling stage is about 30 days, from planting to harvest 80-90 days, the winter is slightly stronger, the seedling stem diameter 10 mm can accept the effect of low temperature to complete the vernalization process.

The planting environment of broccoli

1. Illumination: broccoli does not have very strict requirements for light, but it likes sufficient light in the process of growth. When the light is sufficient, the plant grows healthily, which can form a strong nutrient, which is conducive to photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation, and makes the flower bulb compact and compact. Bright green color is good, too strong sunshine in midsummer is also not conducive to the growth and development of broccoli.

2. Temperature: in the range of 5-20 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the faster the growth and development of broccoli is. The optimum temperature for germination is 20-25 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth at seedling stage is 15-20 ℃. It has strong cold and heat tolerance. The optimum temperature for growth at rosette stage is 20-22 ℃, and the suitable temperature for flower head development is 15-18 ℃. When the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the quality of flower bulb is easy to deteriorate, but as long as it is not damaged by freezing. The flower bulb can grow slowly at the low temperature of 5 ℃ or below.

3. Moisture: broccoli needs more water in the whole growth process, especially in the period of vigorous leaf growth and flower head formation, even if it is short-term drought, it will reduce the yield. rainy or high soil moisture at seedling stage can easily cause diseases such as black rot and black spot, and the field moisture capacity of about 70-80% in the period of flower head formation can meet the growth needs.

4. Soil: broccoli is not strict on soil conditions, but if it is too barren, the plant will develop poorly, and the yield and quality will be low, while the over-fertile soil will lead to loose buds and hollow moss, so it is suitable to be planted on loam and sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation, deep plough layer, loose and fertile soil, strong water and conservation efforts, soil PH range of 5.5-8, but 6 is the best.

Seedling raising techniques of broccoli

1. Variety selection: broccoli belongs to cool vegetables. Choose varieties with strong plant growth, dark green buds, few burnt buds, curved flower balls, few lateral buds, small buds, large flower heads, disease resistance, heat resistance, cold tolerance and wide adaptability, such as Japanese excellent, dragon green, landscape, other varieties such as Yuguan, Oriental Lubao, Wanlu, Lvxiu, etc., or select all kinds of high-quality varieties according to market demand. However, it must meet the national second-class seed standard before it can be used.

2. Sowing time: double mulching cultivation in autumn is sown in early July, overwintering cultivation in solar greenhouse is sown from late July to August, early spring cultivation in solar greenhouse is sown from early September to early October, early spring cultivation in plastic greenhouse and small arch greenhouse is sown in November, spring plastic film cultivation is sown in January.

3. Seed treatment

Soak the seeds in ①: soak the seeds in warm water of 33 ℃ for 15 minutes, stir constantly, stop when the water temperature drops to 20 ℃, soak in warm water for another 4 hours, rinse with clean water and then sprout.

② germination: the soaked seeds are wrapped in wet cotton gauze and germinated at a temperature of 30 ℃. Rinse with clean water once a day and sow when 60% of the seeds are white.

4. Raising seedlings in the field

① nursery bed selection: the seedling stage of broccoli is short, and the seedbed is selected in the fields with high terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, soil rich in organic matter, no cruciferous vegetables or previous rice within two years, and the direction of the seedbed should be north-south.

② apply sufficient basic fertilizer: turn deeply 15-20 days before sowing, 7-10 days before sowing, apply 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer plus 5 kg of superphosphate per mu or pour 2500 kg of rotten human feces and urine to ensure the full supply of nutrients at seedling stage. Dig and rake the land to make a seeding bed about 1.2m wide, and the ratio of seedling field is 1:20-30.

③ dressing and sowing: before sowing, the seedling bed was watered once, and 1000 times phoxim and other chemicals were applied to prevent underground pests. When sowing, mix the treated seeds with appropriate amount of sand and spread them evenly in the seedbed, suppress them with a shovel after sowing, and then sprinkle a layer of medicinal soil mixed with 0.1% carbendazim and dimethazone.

④ sunshade and heat preservation: after laying a layer of sunshade net in summer nursery bed, set up a small arch shed, then cover a layer of sunshade net, carry out double-layer sunshade, moisturizing and cooling seedlings, and use a layer of plastic film and a layer of greenhouse film in winter and spring to cover and keep warm seedlings.

5. Nutrient solution seedling raising: nutrient solution seedling raising is a better way of raising seedlings at present, which has the characteristics of low cost, convenient management, high seedling rate and centralized seedling supply, so it is welcomed by production and processing enterprises.

① matrix: vermiculite 25%, peat 65%, perlite 10%.

② matrix stack disinfection: after fully mixing all raw materials, use 50-100x formalin (40% formaldehyde), spray evenly on the matrix, then cover tightly with plastic film, after sealing for 4-5 days, uncover the film, ventilate and change the nutrient soil, so that formaldehyde can be volatilized out after 2 weeks, and need to adjust the ph of the matrix to 6.5-7, adjust the acid with lime, and neutralize the alkali with dilute hydrochloric acid.

③ sowing: fill the hole plate with substrate and pour water thoroughly, then dig the seeding hole with a special burrowing machine, sow the seeds into the sowing hole with the seeder and cover the substrate.

When will the broccoli be planted? Planting time and method of broccoli

Broccoli, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower, etc., is a Brassica plant of Cruciferae. Broccoli is one of the main vegetables in daily life, with unique flavor and rich nutrition. It is known as "vegetable crown" and has high edible and planting value. So, when will the broccoli be planted? The planting time and methods of broccoli are introduced as follows.

Picture: broccoli

I. planting time of broccoli

The planting time of broccoli usually begins to sow in autumn, grows in winter, goes on the table normally after the Spring Festival, blossoms in spring to seed maturity in April and May, and seedlings in summer and autumn are raised in the high temperature season from August to October, when the temperature is generally above 25 ℃, sometimes 30-35 ℃, coupled with the harm of rainstorm and hail, so shade net is used to raise seedlings in the open field, and the seedling age is generally 35-40 days. Sowing or direct hole planting can be used, the average seedling stage is about 30 days, from planting to harvest 80-90 days, the winter is slightly stronger, the seedling stem diameter 10 mm can accept the effect of low temperature to complete the vernalization process.

Second, the planting method of broccoli

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: broccoli requires more and more nutrients, but its root system is relatively shallow, so it is required to plant in the land of fertile soil, water and fertilizer conservation, and pay attention to the application of base fertilizer. Generally, 100 kg of organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 25 kg of compound fertilizer (15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each) and 2 kg of borax are used as base fertilizer, and the cultivated land rakes flat and opens ditches for fertilization. The width of ditches and ditches is 50-70 cm.

Picture: broccoli

two。 Variety selection: broccoli belongs to cool vegetables. Choose varieties with strong plant growth, dark green buds, few burnt buds, curved flower balls, few lateral buds, small buds, large flower heads, disease and heat resistance, cold tolerance and wide adaptability. such as Japanese excellent, dragon green, landscape, other varieties Yuguan, Oriental Lubao, Wanlu, Lvxiu or according to market demand to select all kinds of high-quality varieties However, it must meet the national second-class seed standard before it can be used.

4. Seed treatment: the common seeds of broccoli should remove mildew grains, shrunken seeds, insect seeds, etc., or choose coated seeds, and imported seeds can be used directly. at present, broccoli seedlings are generally raised in fields, burrow plates or plastic bowls and nutrient solutions.

5. Sowing method: the seedling bowl filled with soil is watered thoroughly before sowing, and the varieties can be sowed every 1-2 days. The varieties use imported or domestic seeds and sow manually or mechanically, 10-15g per packet of seeds, sowing 0.8-1 mu of land, and can be fertile 16-170000 plants / mu. Press a small nest in the middle of the seedling bowl with your fingers, and each nest points one seed (no more than two common seeds).

Picture: broccoli

6. Reasonable planting: the field should be planted when the seedlings are 4-5 leaves, and a small arch shed should be used in the field. Autumn sowing should raise seedlings in the open field in early July, cover the sunshade net after sowing, remove the sunshade net in time after emergence, and spray to prevent stunting diseases and underground pests. The amount of seeds used for raising seedlings in autumn can be slightly more than that in spring, 2700-3000 plants per mu in spring and 2000-2500 plants per mu in autumn.

7. Field management: (1) broccoli in spring should punch holes and release air at the right time according to weather changes, or remove the small arch shed. After uncovering the film, weeding should be done in time. Depending on the situation, medicine can be applied to prevent insects and diseases, and fertilizer should be topdressing. Generally, 40 kg of ammonia sulfate and 10 kg of potash fertilizer are applied every 667 square meters. (2) after broccoli is planted in autumn, it should be irrigated in time to return seedling water, weeding on time, and mid-term combined with mid-tillage for topdressing. Ditching to cultivate the root soil, drought and waterlogging prevention, and careful observation, timely control of diseases and insect pests, timely pruning and removal of lateral branches. Erasing the thin and weak lateral branches can save nutrients and provide the main branch for the growth of the bulb.

8. Harvest: before the top flower harvest, according to the soil conditions and the growth of the side branches left during pruning, an appropriate amount of topdressing can be carried out 7-10 days before the main flower head harvest, so as to harvest larger lateral flower heads, prolong the harvest period and increase the yield. It is mainly similar to the main flower bulb, generally 1-2 lateral flower heads can be left per plant, and 4-6 lateral branches can be left according to the requirements of quick freezing. According to our experimental results, the income can be increased by 200 kg per 667 square meters, and the high-quality flower rate can reach about 30%.

[conclusion] broccoli needs a lot of water in the whole growth process, and even short-term drought will reduce the yield, which needs to be paid more attention. The above introduces the planting time and methods of broccoli. I hope it will be helpful to you!