How do you plant lettuce seeds? Sowing methods and key points of planting management of lettuce seeds

Lettuce originated from the Mediterranean coast of Europe, domesticated from wild species, introduced into China has a long history, southeast coast, especially in the suburbs of big cities, Guangdong and Guangxi regions more cultivation, with very high planting value, common cultivated varieties have glass lettuce, emperor, Caesar, head lettuce, mosaic lettuce, Dahu 659, etc., let's take a look at how lettuce seeds grow!

Growth Habits of Lettuce

Lettuce likes cold environment, neither cold nor heat, suitable temperature for growth is 15~20℃, growth period 90~100 days. The seeds can germinate at 4℃, the optimum temperature for germination is 18~22℃, and almost no germination occurs when the temperature is higher than 30℃. During the growth period, like cold climate, 15~20℃ growth is the most suitable, high yield, excellent quality, sustained higher than 25℃ growth is poor, but cold resistance is also quite strong, 0℃ or even short-term subzero low temperature on growth is not a big obstacle. Developed roots, leaves have wax, drought resistance is quite strong, but in fertile and moist soil cultivation, high yield, good quality, soil pH value of 5.8~6.6 is appropriate.

How to grow lettuce seeds?

1. Sowing time: The sowing period of lettuce is generally from August to February of the following year, suitable for sowing from mid-October to mid-December, early March and early July, but the growth period is short and the yield is low. In winter and early spring, it is cultivated in greenhouse or shed, and in summer, it is cultivated in shade net or shed. 1500kg of decomposed farm manure and 20kg of calcium superphosphate shall be applied to every 60m2 of seedling field, and shall be mixed evenly after ploughing. Seedling transplanting requires 20~30 square meters of seedbed per mu of cultivated field, and the amount of seed used is 25~30 grams.

2, seed germination: lettuce high temperature season sowing seeds must be low temperature germination, first soak in well water for about 6 hours, wash and pick up with wet gauze wrapped, placed at 15~18℃ temperature germination, or hanging in the well germination, or put in the refrigerator (temperature control at about 5℃), 24 hours later, the seeds placed in the shade insulation germination. Also available concentration of 0.2 per thousand "920" solution soaking for 24 hours, can successfully break the lettuce seed dormancy, 2~3 days can sprout, 80% of the seed white should be timely sowing.

3. Seedling transplanting: irrigate the seedbed with enough water before sowing, mix the seeds with the same amount of wet fine sand and broadcast them, cover them with a thickness of about 0.5 cm, and thin the seedlings in time with 2~3 true leaves. Winter, spring greenhouse or open field seedlings should pay attention to seedbed insulation, at the same time should control the amount of watering, prevent excessive humidity. Summer open field seedlings, pay attention to the use of shade net cover, drench 2 to 3 times a day, so that the soil moist.

Management of lettuce cultivation

1. Scientific fertilization: lettuce requires clay loam rich in organic matter and strong water and soil fertility. lettuce likes slightly acidic soil, and soil pH value of 5~7 is appropriate. For every 1000 kg of lettuce produced, 2.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.2 kg of phosphorus and 4.5 kg of potassium need to be absorbed, of which the head lettuce needs more potassium. The growth period needs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to be used together. The plot of lettuce planting should be deeply ploughed and cultivated carefully. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply decomposed farm manure 3000~3500 kg per mu, turn deep after application, irrigate sole water, and make bed after seeing dryness.

2. Careful planting: irrigate the seedbed one day before planting to make the seedlings moist, and take as much soil as possible the next day to reduce root damage. When planting, ditch is first dug on the ridge surface, the ditch depth is 4 - 6cm, three rows are planted on the 70cm ridge surface, after ditching, ternary compound fertilizer is applied according to 25kg per mu, irrigation is carried out, seedlings are placed according to the plant spacing of 24cm after water infiltration, the ditch is sealed, the ridge surface is raked flat, plastic film is covered, and seedlings are introduced out of the film.

3. Post-planting management: lettuce likes moisture, and sufficient water supply is required during the whole growth period. 5~7 days after planting, irrigate seedling slowing water once. After watering the seedlings, the plots without plastic film were tilled and weeded twice. After 3~4 times of watering, combined with watering stage topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus, 15~20 kg per mu. Stop watering before harvest to facilitate storage and transportation.

4. Disease and pest control: The main diseases of lettuce include downy mildew, soft rot, virus disease and sclerotinia disease, among which sclerotinia disease and soft rot are more harmful, rotation can be adopted, planting density should be reduced appropriately, watering should not be too much, often shallow hoe, keep the soil surface dry, sick plants should be pulled out in time, dead leaves should be removed and burned intensively, agricultural streptomycin and dimorbam can be sprayed after the disease occurs, and chlorothalonil should be sprayed every 5~7 days in high temperature and high humidity season for prevention purposes. Insect pests are mainly aphids, thrips, cutworms, etc., with omethoate, speed kill Ding and other control.

How to grow lettuce, lettuce cultivation methods, lettuce cultivation points

Lettuce is known as "vegetable queen", rich in various vitamins and trace elements; stems and leaves contain lettuce element, can be analgesic hypnotic, lower cholesterol; contains interferon inducer, can stimulate the body to produce antiviral protein, has the effect of inhibiting viruses.

Lettuce alias: leaf lettuce, goose cabbage, Compositae, lettuce is, according to the growth of leaf lettuce can be divided into loose leaf lettuce, head lettuce two kinds. Spring and summer sowing time to choose loose leaf lettuce. Head lettuce, also known as western lettuce, American lettuce, than loose leaf lettuce less heat, sowing period is shorter, more suitable for autumn and winter sowing.

Suitable areas: all provinces and regions in China can be planted. Planting season: September-October (all year round can be sown, but spring and autumn are better, northern winter needs indoor maintenance).

growth habit

Lettuce likes cold environment, neither cold nor heat, suitable temperature for growth is 15℃-20℃, growth period 90-100 days. Seeds are more resistant to low temperatures and can germinate at 4℃. The optimum temperature for germination is 18-22℃, and almost no germination occurs when the temperature is higher than 30℃.

Plant growth period, like cold climate, 15-20℃ growth is the most suitable, high yield, excellent quality; sustained higher than 25℃, poor growth, coarse leaves, slightly bitter. However, cold resistance is also quite strong, 0℃ or even short-term subzero low temperature on growth is not a big obstacle.

lettuce root system developed, leaf wax quality, drought resistance is quite strong, but in fertile and moist soil cultivation, high yield, good quality. The suitable pH value of soil is 5.8-6.6.

seedling

① Usually seedling transplanting, first pot soil irrigation water, seeds mixed with fine sand after sowing on the soil surface, soil cover about 0.5 cm, 15~20℃ about 3~5 days germination. When the temperature is higher than 25℃, the germination rate is low, so it is necessary to germinate seeds at high temperature, soak seeds in water for about 6 hours, take them out and wrap them in cloth, put them into refrigerator at about 5℃ for germination, and sow seeds when about 3/4 seeds are exposed.

2. Avoid drought in alfalfa period, and it is not suitable to water too much. 2~3 true leaves seedlings once, plant spacing about 5 cm.

③ Transplant 5~6 true leaves, plant spacing of loose leaf lettuce is about 15 cm, plant spacing of ball lettuce is about 30 cm. Generally carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day, the roots should be completely buried in the soil, and poured with water, normal management after survival.

daily management

1. One week after planting, spray decomposed organic fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen fertilizer once; 2 weeks and one month after planting, spray decomposed organic fertilizer once again, requiring nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. If the plant is short of fertilizer, increase the number of fertilizers as needed, but stop applying fertilizer about 2 weeks before harvest.

② Appropriate water control in the early stage of growth period, large amount of water required for harvest during vigorous leaf growth period, soil moisture required, but avoid waterlogging and water accumulation among leaves, generally watering once every 2~3 days, watering early and late at high temperature, watering frequently with small water, gradually reducing watering amount before harvest.

③ Likes cold and cool, suitable temperature for growth is 15 ~20℃, poor growth at high temperature, and attention should be paid to shading and cooling in summer.

recovery

When the plant fully grown and not aging can be timely harvest, directly pulled out from the soil can be. If the main stem grows rapidly, the plant tends to age and become unfit for consumption.

cultivation points

selective seed

According to the need to choose suitable varieties, such as glass lettuce, emperor, Caesar, head lettuce, mosaic lettuce, Great Lakes 659 and so on.

Preparing seedbeds

lettuce seedlings should be selected to protect water, keep good fertility, fertile sandy loam. Bed soil preparation: 10 square meters of seedbed with decomposed organic fertilizer 10 kg, ammonium sulfate 0.3 kg, calcium superphosphate 0.5 kg, potassium sulfate 0.2 kg, fully mixed evenly, raked fine, irrigated sole water, water infiltration after sowing.

sowing and seedling

In order to spread evenly, seeds can be mixed with a small amount of fine sand soil, covered with 0.3-0.5 cm thick moist soil after sowing, and covered with plastic film to keep moisture. Sowing rate per mu is 30- 50g. When seedlings begin to emerge, they should be uncovered in time to prevent excessive growth. The seedbed temperature should be controlled at 18℃-20℃ in daytime and 12℃-14℃ at night. Pay attention to ventilation and ventilation. In case of strong light exposure, shade is required. When seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, seedlings are divided according to plant spacing of 6-8 cm. When seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, they can be planted. Generally, seedlings do not lack water or water. To prevent seedling disease, spray 1-2 times 600 times 75% chlorothalonil solution.

scientific fertilization

Lettuce requires clay loam rich in organic matter and strong in water and soil fertility. Lettuce likes slightly acidic soil with pH value of 5-7. For every 1000 kg of lettuce produced, 2.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.2 kg of phosphorus and 4.5 kg of potassium are absorbed. Which heads lettuce need more potassium. The growth period needs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to be used together. The plot of lettuce planting should be deeply ploughed and cultivated carefully. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply decomposed farm manure 3000-3500 kg per mu, turn deep after application, irrigate sole water, and make bed after seeing dryness.

Well, Xiaobian said here, after that depends on everyone to slowly understand, I wish you good luck. Please pay more attention to the meaty garden, thank you!

Key points of lettuce planting technology in winter

As the weather warms, vegetable prices in many areas begin to rise, and business for users growing in winter is also improving. Recently, we learned from Tangshan City in Hebei Province that because the weather turned cold, local production grew slowly and lettuce prices soared. So what are the key points of winter greenhouse production and planting?

Variety selection: to select cold resistance strong in the late maturity of the head lettuce varieties for cultivation.

Cultivation date: Sunlight greenhouse cultivation can be planted from mid-late November to late January of the following year, and harvested from mid-January to early March.

Seedling: select fertile sandy loam, fine after making flat ridge. Then every 10 square meters, 100 kg of sieved high-quality manure and 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied, mixed well, watered after leveling the ridge surface, and seeds are scattered after water infiltration. Dry seeds are generally used for sowing, and seeds can also be soaked and germinated. When sowing dry seeds, first dress seeds with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder equivalent to 0.3% of seed weight, but it is not advisable to leave them for too long. Soaking germination, should be soaked in warm water at 20℃ for 6~7 hours, take out after wrapping with cloth bag, placed at 20℃ germination, washing with water once a day, 2~3 days after the full bud. Sowing is carried out in the windless sunny morning, and 3 to 5 grams of seeds are sown per square meter of seedbed. After sowing, cover with a layer of fine soil 3~5 mm thick.

Soil preparation and fertilization: 5000kg decomposed organic fertilizer and 30~ 40kg compound fertilizer shall be applied per mu before planting. After deep ploughing, it can be made into flat ridge, and plastic film covered can be made into small high ridge.

Planting: sunlight greenhouse cultivation row spacing 40 cm, plant spacing 30 cm, watering before the seedlings cut Tuofu, more with some soil. Furrowing or digging holes for planting, sealing furrows and leveling ridges, watering enough planting water.

Post-colonization management: After colonization, the temperature should be kept at 20℃~24℃ during the day and above 10℃ at night. Cultivate and loosen soil for 1~2 times during the period of slow seedling. After the seedling is slowed down, the temperature should be lowered appropriately, and the temperature should be 15℃~20℃ in the daytime. The seedling is watered 7~10 days after the seedling is slowed down, and the chemical fertilizer is lightly applied, and about 10 kg is applied per mu. Then cultivate again and squat properly. After about 15 days, when the lotus leaves have grown and the heart leaves begin to cover the heart, apply compound fertilizer or ammonium nitrate 15~20 kg, and then apply fertilizer once during the ball setting period. Winter watering times should not be too much, in order to prevent lowering the ground temperature or humidity is too large. When entering the ball stage, the water supply should be uniform, and it should not be dry and wet, so as not to crack the ball or make the ball leaf open and grow. Stop watering 3 - 5 days before harvest.