Cultivation techniques and cultivation management points of cucumber in greenhouse

Cucumber, also known as cantaloupe, thorn melon, king melon, cucumber, etc., is an annual trailing or climbing herb of Cucurbitaceae. It was first brought back to the Central Plains by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, and now it is widely planted in temperate zones and tropics. It is widely cultivated in various parts of our country, and many areas are cultivated in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses. Let's take a look at cucumber planting techniques in the greenhouse.

Growth habits of Cucumber

1. Temperature: cucumbers like warmth and are not resistant to cold. The suitable temperature for fertility is 10-32 ℃. Generally, the growth is the best at 25: 32 ℃ in daytime and 15: 18 ℃ at night, the most suitable ground temperature is 20: 25 ℃, and the lowest is about 15 ℃. The most suitable temperature difference between day and night is 10: 15 ℃. The photosynthesis of cucumber was poor at 35 ℃, high temperature obstacle appeared at 45 ℃, and the cucumber was frozen to death at-20 ℃. If the seedlings were refined at low temperature, they could withstand the low temperature of 3 ℃.

2. Light: the South China type variety is more sensitive to short day sunshine, while the North China type variety is not strict on the length of sunshine, and has become a sunshine neutral plant, with a light saturation point of 55000 lux and a light compensation point of 1500 lux. most varieties grow well under the condition of 8-11 hours of short-day sunshine.

3. Moisture: high yield and high water demand of cucumber. The suitable soil moisture is 60-90%. The moisture in the seedling stage should not be too much, and the soil moisture is 60-70%. In the result period, sufficient water must be supplied, and the soil moisture should be 80-90%. The suitable air relative humidity of cucumber is 60-90%. If the air relative humidity is too high, it is easy to get sick, resulting in a reduction in production.

4. Soil: cucumbers prefer wet but not waterlogging, fertilizer but not fertilizer, so it is appropriate to choose fertile soil rich in organic matter. Generally like the soil between pH5.5~7.2, but the pH value of 6.5 is the best.

Sowing method of Cucumber

1. Variety selection: cucumber cultivation should select excellent varieties with low temperature tolerance in the early stage, high temperature tolerance in the later stage and strong disease resistance, such as Jinyou 10, Bonai 3 and so on.

2. Seed treatment: the cucumber seeds were dried 1-3 days before sowing. After drying, the seeds were scalded with 55 ℃ of warm water for 10-15 minutes, and continuously stirred until the water temperature dropped to 30-35 ℃. The seeds were scrubbed repeatedly, and the slime was washed with clean water, soaked for 3-4 hours, and the soaked seeds were wrapped in a clean wet cloth. Under the condition of 28-32 ℃, the seeds were germinated for 1-2 days, and the seeds were sown when 70% of the seeds were "white".

3. Soil preparation: the nutritious soil of cucumber has not been planted with melons and vegetables in the past 3 to 5 years. The garden soil or field soil is mixed with high-quality mature organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer accounts for 30%. The soil and organic fertilizer are evenly sifted. The screened nutritious soil was mixed with 100 grams of carbendazim per cubic meter of soil to form medicinal soil.

4. timely sowing: the sowing date of cucumber is mid-January or late January, and seedlings can be raised in a heating greenhouse or energy-saving solar greenhouse. A nutrition bowl with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 10 cm is filled with nutrient soil 8 cm and watered thoroughly. After water penetration, one germinated seed is sown in each nutrition bowl, and the soil is covered with plastic film to preserve soil moisture.

Seedling Management of Cucumber

1. Ground touch cover: after sowing, cucumber is sealed with plastic film for 2 days. When cotyledons of 2 go 3 are unearthed, the ground is removed in time. Watering the seedling stage as little as possible to prevent the emergence of high-foot seedlings with high temperature and humidity, and timely uncover the grass to increase the light.

2, temperature management: generally, the temperature should be controlled at 25: 30 ℃ during the day, not too high, and the night temperature must be controlled below 15 ℃, preferably 12: 13 ℃, 7: 10 days before planting, seedling refining, greenhouse grass peeling early and late cover, reduce watering, increase ventilation and time, keep 20: 25 ℃ during the day, 8: 10 ℃ at night, and need 5 ℃ exercise for a short time.

3. The standard of strong seedling: the seedling age is about 35 days, the plant height is 1520 cm, 3 leaves and 1 heart, the cotyledons are intact, the internodes are short and thick, the leaves are thick, the root system is developed, and there is no disease.

Planting techniques of Cucumber

1. Soil preparation fertilization: fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, dominated by base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirements, soil nutrient content and target yield, the expert fertilization system was used to determine the amount of fertilizer applied to vegetables and carry out balanced fertilization to ensure the balance of nutrients in the soil. Vegetable fields with medium fertility level generally apply 5000 kg of high-quality mature organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of superphosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. After spreading the basic fertilizer, turn the soil 30 cm to 40 cm deeply, mix the soil fertilizer evenly and rake flat, and make the border according to 1.2 m wide, with two ridges of 10 cm to 15 cm high, with a ridge distance of 50 cm.

2. Four-film covering: in early spring, the greenhouse adopts "four-film mulch", that is, one layer of greenhouse film, two layers of canopy film and a layer of small arch greenhouse film on seedlings, and buckle the greenhouse film 20 days before planting, in order to increase the ground temperature. 10 cm ground temperature in the greenhouse can be planted steadily through 12 ℃ for 3 consecutive days. Hanging 2 layers of canopy 5-7 days before planting, 20-30 cm apart, it is best to choose polyethylene drip-free mulch film with a thickness of 0.012 mm.

3. Timely planting: spray fungicide on the seedling bed one day before planting, you can choose 50% carbendazim 500x solution, 77% carbendazim 700x solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Planting should be carried out on a sunny morning. The ridge is ditched and watered, and when the water seeps into the semi-ditch, the seedlings are released according to the plant distance of about 32 centimeters, and the soil is sealed after the water seeps. This method is called "water-stable seedlings". About 3500 seedlings are planted per mu, and a small arch shed is buckled on the border after planting.

Field Management of Cucumber

1. Temperature management: just after planting, the ground temperature is low, so it is necessary to close the shed immediately, even if the short-term air temperature exceeds 35 ℃, in order to increase the ground temperature as soon as possible to promote slow seedling. There is no excessive temperature during the slow seedling period, so there is no need to keep out the wind. The small arch shed is removed in time in the morning to raise the soil temperature as soon as possible. After slowing down the seedlings should be released in time according to the weather conditions, the time of 21: 28 ℃ should be more than 8 hours, and the lowest temperature at night should be maintained at about 12 ℃. With the increase of external temperature, the tuyere gradually increases, and when the external temperature is stable above 12 ℃, it can be ventilated day and night. The temperature in the greenhouse is 25: 30 ℃ in the morning and 20: 25 ℃ in the afternoon.

2. Medium ploughing and loosening soil: cucumber seedlings were ploughed and loosened for 3 or 4 times, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with middle tillage to cultivate ridges for melon seedlings, and finally formed small high ridges cultivation.

3. Rational watering: slow seedling water should be watered once after cucumber planting, and it should not be watered later. When cucumber grows to 12 leaves, about 60% of the seedlings have about 12 cm of melons, watering the second water, and after entering the melon-bearing period, the water demand increases, and the watering interval should be adjusted due to growth, weather and other factors. Cucumber is watered every 7-10 days in the early growth period, watered once in 5-7 days in the middle stage, and watered every 3-5 days in the later stage.

4. Timely topdressing: after cucumber enters the melon-setting period, topdressing is carried out in combination with watering, generally with water and fertilizer, topdressing 3 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, or 10 kg of high nitrogen potassium.

5. Humidity control: the relative humidity of cucumber in greenhouse should be controlled below 85%. Try to keep the leaves from dew and drip, and it is best to use longevity dripping anti-fog greenhouse film. After watering in the morning on a sunny day, it is necessary to close the shed and heat up to 33 ℃, then slowly open the tuyere to release air and dehumidification. The temperature drops to 25 ℃, close the tuyere, so that 2-3 times a day, 2-3 days in a row, reduce the air humidity in the shed.

6. Plant adjustment: when the plant grows to 7-8 leaves, the plant height is about 25 cm. Remove the small arch shed and begin to hang the rope. The lateral vines below the first melon should be removed as soon as possible, leaving 2 leaves to pick the heart before the melon. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, pick the heart to promote the growth of melon, root melon should be picked in time to avoid falling seedlings.

7. Remove the arch shed: the small arch shed is generally removed 15-20 days after planting, when the rope begins to be suspended. With the increase of external temperature, the canopy is gradually removed and the light transmittance is increased. Generally, the lower canopy is removed in the middle of March, and the second canopy is removed at the end of March and the beginning of April.

Control of cucumber diseases and insect pests

1. Downy mildew

[symptoms] Downy mildew is a fungal disease, which occurs in the middle and upper leaves of cucumber. The following key points should be grasped when observing in the field, about 8: 00 a. M. every day. To see whether there are water-immersed, polygonal spots and gray mold layers on the back of the leaves, if they have these three points, they can be diagnosed as downy mildew.

[chemical control] you can choose Anke, Prike, Mike, Frost Urea Manganese Zinc, Yikuangjing, Jinreidi and Amisida. In addition, in the prevention and control of downy mildew, we should pay attention to the simultaneous occurrence of bacterial angular spot, which can be added to the agents for the prevention and control of downy mildew.

2. Grey mold

[symptoms] can be harmful melons, leaves and stems. In order to infect the fallen flowers first, make the flowers rot, grow a grayish brown mildew layer, and then further infect the young melons, the killed melons quickly soften, atrophy and rot, and there is a dense gray-white mildew layer on them. Leaf disease is mostly round, nearly round to irregular disease spot, 20-50 mm in diameter, the edge of the disease spot is obvious, the surface is light reddish brown, with a small amount of gray mold. The damage to the stem caused local decay, and in serious cases, the diseased stem was broken and the whole plant died.

[chemical control] 10% Sukeling smoke agent or 45% chlorothalonil smoke scavenger can be used in the initial stage of disease in the protected area, 250 grams per mu each time, fumigation for 3 hours for 4 hours. You can also use 1500 times of 50% prohydantoin wettable powder, or 2.5% of Xerox wettable powder, or 50% rimakang, or 25% acemida suspension 1500 times. The medicine should be used every 6-7 days for 3 or 4 consecutive times, requiring the medicine to be sprayed on flowers and young melons. In the initial flowering stage, adding 0.1% dosage of 50% Sukeling wettable powder or 25% Xerox wettable powder 200 times 300 times solution or spraying flowers has obvious effect.

3. Powdery mildew

[symptoms] at first, small round white powdery mildew spots grew on the front or back of the lower leaves, gradually expanded, thick, and soon became one. In the later stage of the disease, the whole leaf was covered with white powder, then turned gray, and finally the leaf was yellowish brown and dry. Similar disease spots and dense powdery mildew spots are also produced on stems and petioles. In autumn, sometimes yellowish-brown dots are produced in the sick class, and then turn black. The disease is covered with white powder in the leaves, and the lower epidermis of the mildew layer remains green at the initial stage of the disease, which is easy to distinguish from other leaf diseases.

[control methods] powdery mildew bacteria are particularly sensitive to "sulfur". Before planting, fumigation is ignited with 1.8 kg sulfur powder per mu plus sawdust or other combustion aids, which can kill powdery mildew bacteria and fumigate again every 3 days. Then sow or plant. During the growth period of cucumber, the amount of sulfur powder can be reduced by half, the time can be reduced to one night, and it can be smoked again every 5-7 days, and the effect is good. When central diseased plants occur in the field, spray and control in time, you can choose 1000 times liquid of 20% triadimefon wettable powder or 500 times liquid of 75% Dakening wettable powder, or 2500 times higher than 10%, or 2% plus 400 times of rice, etc., spray once every 5 to 7 days, and pesticides are used alternately. When spraying, don't ignore spraying on the ground.

4. Virus disease

[symptoms] Cucumber virus disease mainly harms leaves and melons. It can occur at both seedling stage and adult stage. In the seedling stage, the diseased cotyledons turned yellow and withered, and the young leaves showed mosaic shape alternately between dark green and light green. In the adult stage, the diseased plant was short and small, the internodes were short and thick, the leaves were obviously wrinkled and thickened, the new leaves showed yellow-green mosaic, when the diseased leaves were serious, the lower old leaves of the diseased plants gradually withered and yellow. The melon strips stopped growing after the disease, and the surface showed dark and light green spots. In severe cases, the surface of the melon is uneven or deformed, the seriously affected plants, internodes shorten, clustered leaflets, do not bear melons, resulting in atrophy and death.

[prevention and control methods] when raising seedlings, sunshade nets are used to cool and shade, away from diseased crops. Immediately after transplanting, "Tianda 2116" 1000 times solution + Tianda Yufeng 1000 times solution was sprayed and irrigated to promote seedling disease prevention. At the initial stage of the disease, 20% doxorubicin 500 times solution or 20% virus A500 solution can be sprayed once every 7 days.

5. Bacterial angular spot

[symptoms] the round or oval water-immersed spots on the cotyledons of the seedling stage were slightly sunken, then turned brown and withered. At the adult stage, the size of the primary needle on the leaf is water-immersed spots, and the expansion of the disease spot is polygonal due to the limitation of the leaf vein. when the humidity is high, milky mucus is produced on the disease spot on the back of the leaf, and a layer of white film or white powder is formed after drying. the disease spot is brittle and easy to perforate in the later stage. The diseased spots on stems, petioles and young melon strips are immersed in water, nearly round to oval, and then light gray, and the disease spots often crack. When it is wet, the disease spot overflows the bacterial pus on the disease part of the melon strips, and the disease spots spread to the inside of the melon strips, changing color along the vascular bundles and extending all the way to the seeds, causing the seeds to carry bacteria. The diseased melon rotted in the later stage, with a bad smell, and the young melons often rotted and fell early after being killed.

[prevention and treatment methods] at the initial stage of the disease, spray 5000 times of neophymycin, or 30% copper succinate (DT sterilization penalty) wettable powder, or 77% can kill 400 times of wettable powder, or 47% plus Ruinong wettable powder 600,800 times, the above agents can be used alternately, once every 7 days, 3 times in a row. Excessive use of copper preparation is easy to cause drug damage, generally no more than 3 times. Spray should be carefully and thoughtfully sprayed to the front and back of the leaves, which can improve the control effect.

6. Root-knot nematode

[symptoms] Root-knot nematodes are mainly harmful to the roots. After the root is damaged, there are many lateral roots, and spherical or conical nodules of different sizes are formed at the root tip, sometimes in series, initially white and soft, then brown to dark brown, and sometimes cracked on the surface. The aboveground part of the injured plant was dysplastic, the leaves were yellow, wilted and died early in the day, so it was easy to be mistaken for a wilt plant.

[control methods] before planting, combined with 80 kg of lime nitrogen per mu, the soil was disinfected with 1.8% Zongmike EC 1: 1.5 ml per square meter with 6 liters of water, or 4 kg of Milol 3% granule per mu, mixed with 50 kg of dry fine soil. During the growing period, the root was irrigated with 1.8% Zongmike EC 1000 / 1500 times twice, with an interval of 10 / 15 days. After harvest, the diseased and residual plants are thoroughly removed in the field, and concentrated burning or deep burial can be used for retting fertilizer. In addition, the application of two tons of biogas residue per mu can effectively control root-knot nematode. Where there are conditions, a crop of rice can be planted at the end of vegetable harvest.

7. Whitefly

[symptoms] the feeding habits of powdery mildew are very miscellaneous, which can harm a variety of vegetables. Mainly to nymphs, concentrated on the back of cucumber leaves to absorb juice, resulting in leaf discoloration, yellowing, wilting, serious plant death. During the damage, it also secretes dense dew, pollutes the leaves, causes fungal infection, affects plant photosynthesis, and seriously affects yield and quality.

[control methods] try to avoid mixed planting, especially cucumbers, tomatoes and kidney beans. It is also an effective method to adjust the production stubble, that is, the vegetables with less damage caused by white whitefly such as celery and sweet pepper are arranged in the first crop, and cucumbers and tomatoes are planted in the next crop. The old nymphs are mostly distributed in the lower leaves, which are removed and burned. Setting yellow board in greenhouse can effectively control whitefly. 1% deltamethrin or 2.5% fenvalerate (fenvalerate) oil is atomized into droplets with a knapsack motor smoker, which is very effective in killing adults when suspended in the air. You can use 25% buprofezin (buprofezin) wettable powder or spray 2000 times of deltamethrin or 20% fenvalerate EC every 6-7 days for 3 consecutive times. It can also be fumigated with fumigant for 2 or 3 times in a row.

How to manage cucumbers in winter greenhouse? Key points of winter management of cucumber planting in greenhouse

In recent years, with the development of facility agriculture, the planting area of cucumber in greenhouse is also increasing. In the process of planting cucumber in greenhouse, doing a good job of winter management is the key to realize the yield benefit of cucumber planting. So, how to manage cucumbers in winter greenhouse? The main points of winter management of cucumber planting in greenhouse are introduced as follows.

Picture: cucumber in greenhouse

First, cultivate high-quality cold-resistant seedlings

Cold-tolerant varieties are mainly Honi, thornless cucumber seeds. Its characteristics: this variety is an all-female unarmed cucumber introduced from Holland, infinite growth type, early maturity, compact plant growth, main vine melon, short internodes, 1-2 melons per node, melon nodes, melon length about 16 cm, strong continuous fruit-making ability, dark green color, rich luster, sweet taste, high yield, strong cold tolerance, high fruit rate under high temperature and high humidity. Strong stress resistance, high resistance to diseases and insect pests such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt and virus diseases, no dead trees, suitable for late autumn, overwintering, early spring and summer protected cultivation. And Shengdong No. 3 cucumber seed. The characteristics of this variety are as follows: for the first generation of hybrid, the plant grows vigorously, the leaves are medium, the main vine is mainly melon, the melon code is dense, the growth speed of melon strips is fast, the seedlings do not rest, the ability to set melon continuously is strong, the melon strips are straight, the flesh is light green and taste sweet, the melon length is about 35 cm, the deformed melon rate is low, the commercial melon rate is high, the weight of single melon is about 200 grams, and the disease resistance is strong. Both parents choose disease-resistant parents and are highly resistant to Fusarium wilt, downy mildew, angular spot and powdery mildew. Resistant to low temperature and weak light, the yield per mu of overwintering cultivation is about 25000 kg, and the harvest time can reach more than 200d. It is suitable for early spring, autumn extension and overwintering cultivation in greenhouse.

Picture: cucumber in greenhouse

II. Fertilizer and water management

In the middle and last ten days of February, most winter warm greenhouse cucumbers entered the peak period of melon production, and the demand for fertilizer and water also increased gradually. therefore, cucumber topdressing should be carried out after the end of February. Generally, 20 kg of urea, 5-8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 30-35 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu were applied once every 20 days. According to the situation, combined with watering, flushing with the water to apply rotten human feces and urine, bean cake water. At the same time, every 10-15 days, combined with disease control, extra-root topdressing can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or sugar nitrogen solution prepared with sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water at the ratio of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.2 ∶ 100 or 500 times of Pendelo nutrient solution, etc. The application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer at the end of February and the beginning of March could obviously prevent premature senescence, improve stress resistance and prolong fruiting period. In the middle and later period, the watering times and water quantity should also be increased, but it must be carried out according to the actual situation, in case the ground temperature drops too much, and it is appropriate to keep the ground temperature not lower than 15 ℃ after watering. Prevent the seedlings from overgrowing. In addition to timely opening the mulch, increasing ventilation, prolonging ventilation time, increasing light intensity and low temperature exercise, it can be inhibited by spraying Daizhuangsu, and it can also enhance the cold resistance and disease resistance of seedlings. Pay attention to the concentration should not be too high.

Picture: cucumber in greenhouse

Third, temperature regulation

After March, the outside temperature rises gradually. In this period, it is necessary to make full use of the grass curtain and the opening and closing vents to adjust the temperature in the greenhouse to keep the temperature at 26 ℃-30 ℃ during the day and 12 ℃-14 ℃ before pulling the curtain in the morning, so as to facilitate the normal growth of cucumber. Pruning and falling vines: through pruning and falling vines, the plant height is kept at about 1.3 meters, low in the south and high in the north, in order to receive light. The specific method is to drop the vine at the base of the cucumber stem and dish it on the ground, so that the growth point of the cucumber plant is at a height of about 1.3 meters, keep the top of the cucumber in the whole greenhouse basically in the same plane, and remove the old leaves and diseased leaves. Each plant can retain more than 20 effective leaves. Reasonable picking: the finished melon generally retains 2-3 expanding strips per cucumber plant, the strong ones can stay late to pick, and the weak ones can stay and pick early.

IV. Disease prevention and control

The main diseases of cucumber in this period are downy mildew, angular spot, gray mildew, powdery mildew and so on, and the main pests are aphids, whitefly, Liriomyza huidobrensis and so on. The above diseases and insect pests should give priority to prevention and comprehensive control. Chemical control treatment is carried out once a week in seedling management, and broad-spectrum fungicides such as chlorothalonil, carbendazim and Keshuo are used in rotation. Fumigant instead of spray control is recommended in overcast and rainy weather, which can achieve better results.

[conclusion] the key points of cucumber management in winter greenhouse are to cultivate high-quality cold-tolerant and strong seedlings and to adjust fertilizer, water and temperature. The key points of winter management of cucumber planting in greenhouse are introduced above. I hope it can be helpful to you!

A complete set of cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse!

Greenhouse cucumber sales in the market is very good, many people like it, today to share with you a complete set of greenhouse cucumber cultivation techniques!

Complete cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse:

Cucumber has always been a best-selling vegetable variety in the market, and it is also widely planted, which mainly includes facilities and open field. Because the mature period of greenhouse cultivation can be controlled, the yield increases exponentially and the economic benefit is high, it has become the main cultivation mode all over the country.

Growth habits of Cucumber

Cucumber is a crop that likes warmth, weak light, moisture tolerance and parthenocarpy, likes fertilizer and water, grows fast and bears more fruit, but the root system is mainly distributed in the shallow plough layer of 15-25cm, and the leaf water transpiration is large, the plant stem is thin, the tolerance to fertilizer and water is weak, and the absorption is poor.

Growth period of cucumber

Germination period: from seed germination to the appearance of the first true leaf, it takes 5-10 days. At this stage, the growth is small, the speed is slow, and high temperature and humidity and sufficient light are needed.

Seedling stage: from the appearance of cotyledons to before planting, the plant has 4-5 leaves, lasting 30-45 days. At this stage, flower bud differentiation begins, but the growth center is still root, stem, leaf and other vegetative organs.

Trailing period: from seedling planting to the first melon sitting. At the end of this period, the stem height was about 30-40cm, and the true leaves unfolded 7-8 pieces for 10-20 days. Mainly vegetative growth, gradually transformed to reproductive growth.

Fruiting period: from sitting on the root melon to the end of pulling seedlings. The fruiting period of cucumber in open field is about 40 days, and that of cucumber in greenhouse is about 120-150 days. At this stage, the growth rate of plants slowed down, focusing on the development of fruit and flower buds.

Requirements for cultivation Environment of Cucumber

Temperature: cucumbers like to be warm and not resistant to cold. The suitable temperature for growth period is 10-32 ℃. Generally, the growth is the best at 25-32 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night, the most suitable ground temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the lowest is about 15 ℃. The most suitable temperature difference between day and night is 10-15 ℃. The photosynthesis of cucumber was poor at 35 ℃, high temperature obstacle appeared at 45 ℃, and the cucumber was frozen to death at-2-0 ℃. If the seedlings were refined at low temperature, they could withstand the low temperature of 3 ℃.

Light: South China type varieties are more sensitive to short-day sunshine, while North China type varieties are not strict on the length of sunshine, and have become sunshine neutral plants, with light saturation point of 55000 lux and light compensation point of 1500 lux. Most varieties grow well under the condition of 8-11 hours of short-day sunshine.

Moisture: cucumber has high yield and large water demand, and the suitable soil moisture is 60-90%. The moisture in the seedling stage should not be too much, the soil moisture is 60-70%, and the soil moisture must be sufficient in the fruit stage, and the soil moisture is 80-90%. The suitable air relative humidity of cucumber is 60-90%. If the air relative humidity is too high, it is easy to get sick, resulting in a reduction in production.

Soil: cucumbers like wet but not resistant to waterlogging, like fertilizer but not resistant to fertilizer, it is appropriate to choose fertile soil rich in organic matter. Generally like the soil between pH5.5-7.2, but the pH value of 6.5 is the best.

Key points of cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse

Pre-broadcast preparation

Select improved varieties: according to the local environmental conditions, select the varieties with low temperature tolerance in the early stage, high temperature tolerance in the later stage, strong disease resistance, strong growth potential and high yield.

Preparation of seedbed: 6 samples of unplanted melon crops were selected from nursery soil, 3 samples were fully ripened and screened organic fertilizer, and 1 part of biological fertilizer was mixed and screened. After screening, the nutritious soil can be mixed with some medicament to control seedling sudden fall disease, blight disease and so on.

Soaking and sprouting: dry the seeds 1-3 days before sowing, then blanch the seeds with warm water of 55-60 ℃ for 5-10 minutes, constantly stir until the water temperature drops to 30-35 ℃, scrub the seeds repeatedly, rinse the mucus with clean water and soak for 3-4 hours. You can also soak the seeds with 1000 times carbendazim and methyl thiophanate for 1 hour, rinse with clean water, then soak the seeds with clean water for 4 hours, remove and wash them once, remove the water and dry them, wrap them with a wet cloth, accelerate germination for 1-2 days under the condition of 28-32 ℃, and sow seeds when 70% of the seeds are white.

Seedling management: timely seedling division after cotyledon flattening. The seedlings were dropped for 2-3 times at seedling stage, and variable temperature management was given at seedling stage, that is, different temperature management was given at different growth stages, day and night, sunny and cloudy days. Foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice at seedling stage, moisture should be properly controlled, light should be enhanced as much as possible, weeding and pest control should be done in time. Before planting, control water and cool down, strengthen ventilation exercise. The seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves and are ready to be planted when the seedlings are 55-60 days old.

Land preparation

The water content of cucumber seedling rhizome is large, brittle and easy to break, so it is not only afraid of flooding but also not resistant to drought, so it is necessary to make the ground flat and tilt slightly to one side in order to facilitate drainage and irrigation, the soil is not large and rich in organic matter.

Clean up the stubble in the greenhouse and plough ahead of time. Due to the long fruiting period of cucumber cultivated in greenhouse, long-term organic fertilizer should be used as the main fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other medium and micro fertilizers should be applied together.

Cucumber likes nitrate nitrogen, when only supplying ammonium nitrogen, the leaves will become smaller, the growth will be slow, the absorption of calcium and magnesium will be reduced, the physiological obstacles of calcium deficiency will often occur, and the yield will be reduced, so pay attention to timely supplement.

The soil itself contains low magnesium, too much potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer also hinder the absorption of magnesium, especially the cucumber cultivated in the greenhouse is more obvious; the large harvest and not enough magnesium fertilizer will make the cucumber lack magnesium. Enough magnesium fertilizer should be applied before cultivation.

For the plots with poor soil fertility, sea elves biological stimulants can be applied along with the bottom fertilizer to improve the soil environment and balance nutrition.

After soil preparation, ditches and ridges were drawn along the north-south direction, cultivated with plastic film mulching of large and small rows and small high borders, and watered by dark irrigation or drip irrigation under plastic film. Large line spacing of 80 cm, small line spacing of 40 cm, ridge height of 20-25 cm. After raising the ridge, the seal should be sealed one week before planting in order to increase the ground temperature.

Suitable time for planting

The soil temperature of 10cm is stable above 12 °C and can be planted when the night temperature is not lower than 5 °C. The planting period must be strictly grasped according to the specific cultivation conditions, not in advance blindly.

Pay attention to the weather conditions before planting and choose sunny days for five consecutive days. One day before planting, spraying pyrimethrin + manganin cream on the ground can effectively prevent the occurrence of downy mildew.

During planting, Bacillus subtilis was sprinkled in the planting hole with a dosage of 23 kg per mu, which had the effect of bacteriostasis and disease prevention. Pay attention to the planting is not too deep, after planting must be evenly watered, to ensure that each seedling must be thoroughly watered.

Management after planting

Slow seedling stage: strengthen the heat preservation within 1 week after planting, close the doors and windows strictly, hang the door curtain, and do not ventilate more than 33 °C. In case of a cold spell, it is necessary to strengthen heat preservation. Planting in about 10 to 15 days for root irrigation, azoxystrobin + Chunlei king copper can be used.

When it is found that the heart leaves are growing, it means that the seedlings have slowed down and the water demand has increased, so it is required to pour slow seedling water in time, which can be drenched with 200-300 times of sea elves biological stimulant, which is beneficial to the rapid rooting and seedling lifting of crops.

Early flowering stage: from slow seedling stage to root melon sitting period, mainly to promote root control seedlings, to lay a good foundation for the fruiting stage. After slowing down the seedlings, it is timely to transplant and bind the vines, and the high seedlings are bent and tied, so that the tops of large and small seedlings are on the same horizontal line, which is easy to manage. Properly control water squatting seedlings to facilitate rooting.

The plant grows too slowly, the leaves are dark green and dull, and the tight gathering of faucets indicates a lack of water; if the petiole and internodes are too long, the leaf color is light green, the leaves are lifted up, and the leaves near the growing point are sparse, indicating that there is too much water.

The management of large temperature difference should be carried out, the air temperature should be cooled when the room temperature exceeds 35 °C in the daytime, the wind should be closed at 20-25 °C in the afternoon, and the temperature should be kept at 10-13 °C at night. The ventilation method is to open the doors and windows first, and with the increase of the external temperature, you can roll up the film pressed on the apron on the shoulder and let out the air.

Before drawing vine to flower, apply a large amount of element balanced fertilizer 3 kg + sea elf biological stimulant 2 kg per mu to promote flowering and fruiting.

Fruiting period: adequate water and fertilizer should be provided to promote melon fruiting and prevent premature senility. Increase ventilation to reduce temperature and humidity, pick seams or open the bottom edge of the greenhouse film ventilation to avoid condensation at night, the ventilation area should reach 25% of the total coverage area, and the humidity had better be controlled below 65% at night.

When the melon strips sit down and grow to 10-15 cm, you should bring fertilizer when watering, and gradually begin to enter the normal watering stage to replenish foliar fertilizer.

It is mainly based on the fertilizer with high nitrogen and potassium, and the sea elves biological stimulant containing mineral humic acid is added properly to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and enhance the nutrition level. When serious melons, hypertrophic leaves and many malformed melons were found, the water 100kg was stirred and dissolved with phosphorus and potassium source pool 0.2kg and sprayed on the leaves once every 3-5 days, which could be relieved effectively. If there is a lack of other trace elements, pay attention to supplement.

The root system of cucumber is shallow, and "eat less and eat more" is the criterion of fertilizer and water management. When the plant reaches 25-30 leaves, pick the heart, promote the planting of melon, and remove the old leaves, diseased leaves and curly leaves in time.

Harvest time: in this period, fertilizer and water should be irrigated lightly and frequently, and the amount of fertilizer should be light first and then heavy.

According to the plant growth and harvest, a large amount of element balanced fertilizer 2 kg + high potassium fertilizer 3 kg + sea elf biological stimulant 5 kg per mu was applied, and once every 10 days was recommended. 1% magnesium sulfate or 0.5%EDTA chelate magnesium can be applied on the leaf according to the actual situation.

The complete set of cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse shared the above points with you. I hope this article will be helpful to you and wish you good luck.