Planting techniques and key points of cultivation and Management of Golden scented Tea

Camellia belongs to Theaceae, Camellia, and tea, camellia, Camellia oleifera, Camellia oleifera, Camellia oleifera and so on are twin sisters. Golden scented tea flowers golden yellow, dazzling, as if coated with a layer of wax, crystal and oily, seems to have a translucent feeling. Jinhua tea is born only in the axils of leaves. When the flowers bloom, they are cup-shaped, pot-shaped or bowl-shaped, delicate and colorful, beautiful and elegant. People have never seen a variety of golden flowers before. In 1960, Chinese scientists first discovered a golden camellia in Nanning, Guangxi, which was named Golden Camellia. Known abroad as the magic oriental magic tea, known as the "giant panda in the plant world", "tea queen".

Planting environment

Golden scented tea likes warm and humid climate, acid soil with good drainage, shade at seedling stage, and sunshine after entering flowering stage. The requirement of soil is not strict, and it can grow in slightly acidic to neutral soil. Endure barren, but also like to be fat. Strong resistance to waterlogging. Not resistant to strong light, more shade-resistant, leaves withered under strong light. Growing below 700 meters above sea level, it is more common in the range of 200-500 meters above sea level, and the lower limit of vertical distribution is about 20 meters above sea level.

The main distribution areas of golden scented tea are 21: 23 ℃ in average temperature, 12. 1-14. 4 ℃ in January, 0 ℃ in extreme minimum temperature, 27: 23 ℃ in July and 40 ℃ in extreme highest temperature. The annual precipitation is 1130~1700mm, the dry and wet season is more obvious, the dry season is as long as half a year, the air in the forest area is humid, and the annual average relative humidity is about 80%. Enduring Yinsheng is a tree species composed of the lower layer of the northern tropical monsoon forest and gully rain forest. the main associated tree species are clam, golden plum, fat cow tree, fake fat cow tree, human face fruit, Tokyo paulownia, carefree flower, mountain lotus, rice old platoon, South China slope barrier, blood sealing throat and so on. Young trees need to grow under shade conditions, while adult trees grow better under sparse shade. They like to grow under gully shaded tree forests or in shrubs with high humidity and low light, and grow poorly on sunny hillsides. Resistant to damp heat, avoid dryness and direct sunlight.

The suitable soil of Jinhua tea is calcareous soil of lateritic red soil and latosol, which requires a pH value of 4.5-6.5, a deep soil layer, a sticky to loose texture, high organic matter and water content, and a good structure. Deep-rooted tree species with well-developed main roots, few lateral roots and strong sprouting ability, which can sprout and renew. In the seedling stage, there are shoots and long leaves in spring, summer and autumn, and the mature trees send new shoots twice a year, and the young leaves are purplish red. Buds appeared from July to August, flowering from November to April of the following year, full bloom from January to February, and each flower bloomed for about 10 days and ripened from 10 to 12 months. Under natural conditions, as long as the temperature and humidity are suitable, the seeds will germinate easily after falling to the ground.

Breeding technology

Golden scented tea is often propagated by sowing, grafting and cutting. The cultivated soil should be breathable without stagnant water. Shade sheds should be set up at the seedling stage, potted plants should be planted in the north of the Yangtze River basin, and should be moved into the greenhouse in winter. Camellia plants are warm-loving plants, belonging to tropical tree species, which have high requirements for heat, but there are some differences between species and different growth stages. Introduction to the mid-subtropical climate can grow and develop normally.

1. Cutting: in the rainy season from May to June, select the young mother tree, cut one-year-old twigs from the top, about 10cm, remove the lower leaves, flatten the lower leaves with a blade at the bottom of the node, keep one lateral bud at the top, and insert 2-3 leaves into the medium of river sand or gravel. After insertion, cover the grass curtain to shade, strengthen the foliar spray, maintain the air humidity of the bed, and promote rooting. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, the cuttings can be soaked in 50~100ppm 's ABT rooting powder solution for 8 hours and 12 hours.

2. Grafting: select strong seedlings or camellia varieties that are easy to survive as rootstocks, truncate at the ground diameter 4~5cm, open about 1.5cm through the pulp core, use 1-2-year-old branches as scions, the upper part of the scion retains 1-2 leaves, the lower part is cut into a wedge, and inserted into the crackling crack of the rootstock, the cambium of the two sides should be closely joined, and then tied tightly with plastic belt. After the management, cover the top of the scion with a plastic bag and tie it with a belt below, but not too tight, so as to form water droplets in the bag and keep dripping on the rootstock. Add a wrapping paper bag to the outside of the plastic bag to block out the direct sunlight.

3. Bud insertion: take each bud node as a segment, retain a leaf, about 1.5cm, cut the lower part oblique, and then insert it into the medium with a depth of covering no branches. This method can make full use of branches and is suitable for mass reproduction.

Planting technology

1. Golden scented tea is planted in the open field

The pH value of ① soil is between 5.5 and 6 on the slightly acidic soil with fertile and good drainage.

The planting time of ② is mainly seedlings in spring from February to March, and the effect is better in autumn after November.

③ fertilizer camellias do not like fertilizer, generally 10-11 before flowering, 4-5 months after anthesis, fertilization 2-4 times. Fertilizer mainly uses compound fertilizer, compost, and combined with appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer. (the principle of fertilization is thin and more. Apply more to strong seedlings, little or no to weak seedlings.

④ camellias grow slowly and are not suitable for intensity pruning; the crown grows evenly and does not need special pruning, but only need to cut off disease and insect branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and long branches. Newly planted seedlings can also be moderately trimmed in order to ensure survival. Bud picking is an important part of cultivation and management. generally, each branch retains at most 3 buds and keeps a certain distance, which can reduce the excessive nutrient consumption of the plant and affect the flowering. The flowering period of camellias is as long as half a year, so it is of great benefit to get rid of wilted flowers in time, reduce nutrient consumption and enhance the tree potential.

⑤ ploughing and weeding. Ploughing and weeding and cleaning the garden can also effectively control diseases and insect pests, enhance the tree potential and make the flowers fat. It needs to be ploughed for 6 or 7 times in the whole year.

2. Pot planting technology of Jinhua tea.

① basin soil chooses slightly acidic, loose and fertile mixed soil as basin soil. The proportion of mixed soil is 6 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of pine humus soil and 2 parts of sandy soil.

The best selection and cultivation of ② basin is mud basin, the ratio of the size of the basin to the seedling is: seedling height 40~50cm, crown width 20~25cm camellia, the diameter of the basin is about 20cm. Other sizes, and so on. Purple sand basin is better for commercial seedlings, which can improve the ornamental effect.

③ potted seedlings choose the plants with strong growth, trunk, single stem without branches, beautiful crown, green leaves and no diseases and insect pests.

④ watering manages the newly planted seedlings, watering thoroughly for the first time and watering frequently within 2 months to keep the basin soil moist. In the future, it will be watered like other potted plants. The number of times depends on the climate, in order to keep the soil moist. More watering in spring to meet the needs of sprouting; summer should be in the morning and evening, rainy season to prevent stagnant water, autumn drought to timely watering, winter for anti-freezing, watering at noon.

⑤ shelter and cold protection camellias should be given plenty of sunshine in spring and rainy season, shade and cooling in summer and autumn, and move indoors to prevent cold when the temperature drops to zero in winter.

⑥ florescence control is mainly through variety selection, temperature control and hormone treatment to achieve the purpose of early flowering or delayed flowering. For example, in order to delay flowering, late flowering varieties can be selected and controlled at low temperature (cold storage above 2-3 degrees, storing plants treated with bandage), which can delay flowering for one month. In order to make it blossom early, it is necessary to choose early flowering varieties such as small peach red, snow tower, Sixiangjing and so on, and then be treated with heavy fertilizer and hormone. The method is to stop growing camellias in spring. After the formation of flower buds, apply heavy fertilizer to make the shoots mature and stop growing as early as possible; in mid-July or early August, apply gibberellin to the flower buds with a brush, once every three days, with reasonable water and fertilizer; in September, according to the hypertrophy of flower buds, apply gibberellin again, and when it fails to meet the requirements, the buds will grow rapidly and bloom as early as late September to November.

Fertilization technology

Golden scented tea likes fertilizer, but it is afraid of raw fertilizer and thick fertilizer, let alone apply it more than once. It is best to "give sparingly" in order to blossom and flourish. From March to April, when golden camellia grows branches and leaves, fermented cake fertilizer dominated by nitrogen should be applied 3 times for 4 times to promote new buds to sprout and shoot; from May to June, it is the budding stage of golden camellia, and it is necessary to apply liquid fertilizer mainly of phosphorus and potassium for 3 times. Such as calcium superphosphate, bone meal, potassium dihydrogen acid, fully mature chicken, duck, fishy water and other liquid fertilizers, in order to promote the formation of flower buds and enhance drought resistance. From September to November, the mixed liquid fertilizer was applied for 2 times to make the flower buds enlarge and enhance the cold resistance. However, fertilizer is generally not needed in hot summer (July-August) and cold season (December-February).

Pest control

The main diseases of golden scented tea are anthracnose, red leaf blight, bituminous coal disease, and the main insect pests are aphids, shell insects and so on.

1. Camellia anthracnose is mainly harmful to leaves, fruits, shoots and buds. The prevention and control method is to strictly carry out seedling quarantine and destroy the diseased seedlings immediately. Before sowing, soak the seeds with 0.2% Sailisan or 1000 times solution of 50% bacillus for 24 hours, spray 1% Bordeaux solution in early spring, 1% Bordeaux solution and 1% 2% tea bran water every month from June to August.

2. Golden scented tea red leaf blight is a common leaf disease in the nursery, which can be shaded by a sunshade in the nursery, increase leaf spraying in case of drought, or spray with 70% topiramine 1000-1500 times or 20% carbendan 400 times at the initial stage of the disease. The tea aphid began to damage in the middle of March and was serious from May to June. When aphids occur in large numbers, they harm twigs, tender leaves and flower buds, cause leaf shrinkage, cause soot disease and affect plant growth. The control method is to spray the trees damaged by aphids with 1000 times liquid of 50% dimethoate emulsion in the early stage of aphid occurrence.

Planting methods and maintenance points of Golden scented Tea

Video: high-yield cultivation techniques of Golden scented Tea

[FAQ] how to grow golden scented tea?

[expert answers]

Planting method of Golden scented Tea:

① cuttage: in the dry season from May to June, select the young mother tree, cut one-year-old twigs from the top, about 10cm, remove the lower leaves, flatten the lower leaves with a blade at the bottom of the node, keep one lateral bud at the top, and insert 2-3 leaves into the medium of river sand or gravel. After insertion, cover up the grass curtain to shade, enhance the foliar spray, adhere to the air humidity of the bed, and promote rooting. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, cuttings can be soaked in 50~100ppm 's ABT rooting powder solution for 8 hours and 12 hours.

② grafting: choose strong seedlings or camellia species that can easily survive by cutting as rootstocks, truncate at the ground diameter 4~5cm, split about 1.5cm deep through the pith, use 1-2-year-old branches as scions, keep 1-2 leaves in the upper part of the scion, cut into wedges in the lower part, and stab into the split of the rootstock, and the constituent layers on both sides should be closely joined, and then tied tightly with plastic belt. After grafting, cover the scion with a plastic bag and tie it with a belt below, but not too tight, so as to form water droplets in the bag and drop on the rootstock from time to time. Add a packing paper bag to the outside of the plastic bag to cover the direct sunlight.

③ bud insertion: take each bud node as a segment, save a leaf, about 1.5cm, cut the lower part oblique, and then stab it into the medium, the depth is to cover the branches. This method can make full use of branches and is suitable for many reproductive needs.

④ potted plant: when potted Jinhua tea is planted, it is appropriate to choose rotten leaf soil or peat soil plus part of garden soil and river sand to prepare culture soil. In order to make it grow rapidly. It should be planted in a well-breathable tile basin. When planting, it is best to choose a deep and simple basin, first fill a layer of broken tiles at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage; then apply a small amount of rotten cooked cake fertilizer or bone powder as base fertilizer, and fill a layer of culture soil above the fertilizer; then put the seedlings into the center of the basin and fill them layer by layer into the culture soil layer by layer, fill them layer by layer while compacting, and finally leave about the first centimeter of the basin edge. After planting, it was watered and cultured in a semi-shady place, and the seedlings were slowed down and transferred to normal management.

Key points of maintenance:

Habits: like warm and humid climate, like acid soil with good drainage, like shade at seedling stage, and like to transmit sunlight after entering flowering stage. The requirement of soil is not strict, and it can grow in slightly acidic to neutral soil. Endure barren, but also like to be fat. Strong resistance to waterlogging.

Wind direction: Jinhua tea is afraid of strong winds, especially northerly winds and typhoons, so wind prevention measures must be taken.

Soil: fertile, deep, moist, breathable, ph is weakly acidic between 4.5 and 6.5. Use proportionally prepared pine needle soil to gradually remove the "yellow mud" brought by the south.

Temperature: in order to make the high-yield cultivation of golden scented tea, it is necessary to maintain its most suitable temperature between 20 Mel and 30 degrees, and the lowest temperature should not be lower than 5 degrees below zero.

Lighting: Golden scented tea is a half-shaded and half-sunny tree species, which can be shaded by planting trees or in a shade shed. The design height of the shade shed is 2.2m-2.5m, and the best transmittance is about 30%.

Watering: the water used to water flowers must be added 1% ferrous sulfate each time, so that the water always maintains a certain degree of weak acidity.

Fertilization: one is diluted yogurt, which can be used directly without fermentation, and another traditional method is fermented soybean cake water. You can apply fertilizer once a month.

[editor's comments] Golden scented tea is one of the rare and endangered plants in China, which is called the "giant panda" of the plant world. so, do you know how to grow golden scented tea and how to protect it? The first Agricultural Economics Xiaobian above introduced the planting method and maintenance points of Golden scented Tea for you. I hope it will be helpful to you.

The function of Golden scented Tea and the requirements of cultivation Environment

Golden scented tea is a famous ornamental plant in the world, and it is also the only variety of golden petals in the camellia family, so golden scented tea has a very high status in the world and is deeply loved by people. However, due to the strict requirements for the growth environment, it is very low that you want to plant your own golden tea.

Golden scented tea

I. function

After shaping and pruning, golden scented tea can form a better tree shape, which can be planted alone, opposite and clustered in the landscape, and can also be used as a potted plant. Flowering usually begins in November and lasts until April of the following year. The full bloom coincides with the Spring Festival, when flowering, many flowers, petals golden, waxy luster, glittering and translucent, elegant and refined, spectacular.

Second, the main points of cultivation

Golden scented tea is a negative tree species that likes shade, temperature, humidity and avoid strong light. It grows naturally in wet valleys or streams under the forest where the soil is loose and well drained. The plant composition of Camellia community is diverse, and most of them belong to tropical tree species. Golden scented tea can also grow and develop normally in the middle subtropics, and it can be introduced and cultivated in Kunming, Yunnan, Guangdong, Fuzhou and other places. It was not frozen to death at a low temperature of-4 ℃ and could blossom and bear fruit normally. Golden scented tea likes to grow in acidic soil, and generally grows well when the pH value of soil is 4.5 ~ 5.0.