Tea garden plants: how to use plants to effectively control tea pests?

Using plants to control diseases and insect pests in tea garden can not only save money, but also ensure that there are no pesticide residues in tea, and can produce high-grade and high-quality tea, so that drinkers do not have to worry, let alone pollute the environment.

Neem leaves

Collect 2 kg of neem leaves, cut up, add 10 kg of water, boil for 1 hour, filter, cool and add 200 times spray of 2% washing powder solution. It can control many kinds of pests such as tea decay moth, small green leafhopper, tea caterpillar, leaf roll moth, diamondback moth and so on.

Maple poplar leaves

Five kilograms of maple poplar leaves are collected, chopped and mashed with a little water, and then sprayed with 2 kilograms of water per kilogram of raw juice, which can control tea inchworm, leaf roll moth, tea caterpillar, tea decay moth and diamondback moth.

Camphor leaves

2 kg camphor leaves, 10 kg water and 0.2 kg salt after chopping, filtering and spraying after boiling for 1 hour, can control tea anthracnose, bituminous coal disease, stripe feather, powdery mildew, white star disease, garden red star disease, tea cloud disease and so on.

Pine needle leaf

Pick 5 kilograms of pine needles, mash them, add 25 kilograms of water, boil for 1 hour, filter, and spray 400 times with 2% soap solution. Spray once a week, three times in a row. It can prevent and cure tea grain feather disease, tea cloud leaf blight, wheel spot disease, tea cake disease, algae spot disease and so on. It can also treat tea caterpillar, tea inchworm, red spider, aphid moth, shell worm and so on.

Paulownia leaf

The fresh leaves of paulownia were 5 kg, chopped and mashed with a little water to extract the juice of the original leaves, and then 200 times sprayed with the extract of yellow tobacco leaves and their stems, leaves, roots and processed leftovers (petioles, veins). It can control tea mites, small green leaf mites, tea caterpillars, tea geometrids, roll leaf moths, stinging moths, tea aphids, shell insects, black whitefly, red spiders and so on.

Cigarettes and Tobacco

Take 5 kg of yellow tobacco leaves and their roots, stems, stalks and processed leftovers, cut them up, add 10 kg of water, soak for 2 days and boil for 1 hour, then filter out the original juice, and then add 15 kg of water spray. It can control tea mites, shell insects, tea caterpillars, tea inchworm and so on. Irrigation can prevent and cure root-knot nematode disease, and can kill grub, ground tiger, golden needle worm, mole cricket and so on.

Integrated Control techniques of Diseases and insect pests in Organic Tea

The integrated prevention and control of organic tea diseases and insect pests is actually coordinated prevention and control. That is, according to the basic situation of tea production in each specific tea garden, synthesizing the occurrence characteristics and harm degree of various diseases and pests, to determine the prevention and control period according to local conditions and to select reasonable agricultural, biophysical, plant mineral pesticides, plant quarantine and other pest control measures, in order to effectively control the harm of diseases and pests, harmless to human beings and animals, and do not produce pollution to tea and the environment.

I. Integrated control techniques of diseases and insect pests in newly built organic tea gardens

1. Conscientiously do a good job in planning the construction of the garden and build a good three-dimensional ecological environment of the tea garden. To make a good production plan of tea garden, shade trees and green manure crops should be planted on roadside, corner, row, bank and staircase. Build a good source of water and open up a reservoir. For three consecutive years, it is necessary to dig deep ditches and bury green manure and organic manure in combination with tea garden management for soil improvement.

two。 Strict plant quarantine. When introducing improved varieties of seedlings, it is necessary to fully understand the occurrence of diseases and insect pests that are not available locally and existing in other places, and carry out quarantine in accordance with local needs and foreign quarantine requirements. Cuttings and seedlings to enter the garden must be strictly quarantined before being transported into the tea garden to prevent new diseases and pests from settling, spreading and spreading locally.

3. Tea varieties resistant to diseases and insect pests were selected. According to the needs of producing commercial tea, the corresponding disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties were selected. Organic tea gardens that mainly produce green tea can choose Fuding Damao Tea, Longjing 43, Fuyun 20, Jiulong Dabai Tea, etc., or varieties used both oolong tea and green tea, such as Dangui, Meizhan, Baiya Qilan; tea gardens that mainly produce oolong tea can choose Jiulongpao, Huang Guanyin, Dangui, Mingke No. 1, cinnamon, daffodils and so on.

II. Integrated control techniques of tea diseases and insect pests in tea gardens

1. The original green tea area mainly based on Fuyun 6 can be replanted with Fuyun 20, Fuding Dahao, Longjing 43, etc., and oolong tea and green tea varieties such as Huangdan, Meizhan and Dangui can also be introduced properly. For the tea areas with oolong tea processing conditions and sales channels, we can appropriately change the kinds of Dangui, Jiulong robe, Huang Guanyin, Mingke No. 1 and so on.

two。 Agricultural prevention and control. Is the use of agricultural cultivation and management measures to control the occurrence and harm of tea plant diseases and insect pests. In particular, do a good job of clearing the garden in winter, ploughing in spring and summer, and deep ploughing in autumn, which is conducive to excellent soil moisture and can remove weeds, diseases and pests; reasonable tea tree pruning and picking; scientific application of organic fertilizer; increase application of Camellia oleifera cake fertilizer or other crop cake fertilizer; rational drainage and irrigation. The development of green manure in tea garden can increase the activity of natural enemy insects in tea garden and achieve the purpose of pest control.

3. Manual killing and poultry predation. The method of artificial killing can be used to kill the cluster pests directly. For example, the larvae of tea caterpillar and tea silkworm are highly gregarious, and the branches can be broken and extended into nicotine water or 1% soap solution; the native chicken in the tea garden can prey on the larvae, pupae and adults of a variety of pests; the buds of coir moths and leaf curlers can be removed directly.

4. Biological and physical control. These two control methods are harmless to human beings and animals and do not pollute tea and the environment. Biological control is to actively create a good living environment suitable for natural enemies insects, birds, frogs and so on, which can effectively control the economic harm caused by tea pests to tea trees. In tea production, many diseases and insect pests can not cause harm to tea trees because of the natural control of these natural enemies. In production practice, such as raising parasitic wasps to control leaf roll moth, coir moth, tea caterpillar, etc.; using pathogenic microorganisms to control pests, Beauveria bassiana is more commonly used in production, and 0.1-20 million / ml spore liquid is sprayed in the tea garden. The control effect on tea caterpillar, inchworm, leaf roll moth, weevil and other pests reached 70% and 80%. Beauveria bassiana 871 powder 2kg / mu poisonous soil is used to control weevil, Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in production, and "Bt" bacteria have good control effect on leaf-eating pests of Lepidoptera such as tea silkworm, inchworm, tea diamondback moth, tea caterpillar and so on. Using virus to control insect pests, tea caterpillar, inchworm and tea diamondback moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus are widely used in production, that is, a small amount of virus solution is sprayed locally in the tea garden with high insect density, and when a large number of larvae die, the cool dry insect carcasses are collected and put into the refrigerator. When the larvae are about to endanger in the field, the insect carcasses are mashed and soaked in a small amount of water, and then filtered with gauze and diluted into virus liquid. When the larvae are in the 1st instar and 2nd instar, Spraying 40-50 insect corpses per mu, the control effect can reach more than 90%.

Physical prevention and control is mainly entrapment, and the most widely used in production are light trap, sweet and sour trap, bait trap and so on, while sexual information is seldom used.

5. Green pesticide prevention and control. The application of green pesticide itself is non-toxic and harmless, and there is no problem of environmental pollution, but the use of green pesticide must be timely applied in the low instar stage of pest larvae, which should be early and fast. Rotenone (also known as rotenone) commonly used in production has contact and stomach toxic effects on insect pests. The application of Lubao 7.5% rotenone EC 500 times to control the tea leafhopper can reach 70% and 80% if it can be sprayed twice within 24 hours. Rotenone can not be mixed with alkaline pesticides, which is highly toxic to fish and should be used to prevent damage to fish ponds. Matrine is extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens and has contact and stomach toxicity to pests. 1000 times of 0.3% bitter alkali solution is used to control tea small green leafhopper, it is best to spray it at 4 pm or evening on a cloudy day, and spraying twice within 24 hours has the best control effect. The efficacy of picrine is slow and should be applied 3-5 days in advance. Azadirachtin is extracted from neem trees and is a new type of biological insecticide with high efficiency and low toxicity. Spraying 0.3% azadirachtin EC 600 times of Aihe brand EC has an ideal control effect on tea small green leafhopper and other pests, and the application time should be controlled in the low instar stage of larvae, selected at 4 pm or evening on a cloudy day. The slow efficacy of neem should be applied 2-3 days in advance, and should not be mixed with alkaline pesticides. The standards of the above-mentioned green pesticides are lower than the standard of "organic tea".

6. Prevention and control of mineral pesticides. Mineral pesticides mainly include copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid, stone-sulfur mixture, oil emulsion, wettable sulfur and so on, of which Bordeaux leaf and stone-sulfur mixture are the most commonly used. 0.6%-0.7% lime half-dose Bordeaux solution has a good control effect on tea plant diseases and moss, which should be sprayed before spring tea sprouting half-grain rice and autumn tea after harvest. Stone-sulfur mixture has many functions of insecticidal, acaricidal and bactericidal, and it also has good control effect on shell insects, but this drug is easy to produce drug damage should be strictly used, it is generally used for the prevention and control of tea garden before winter, and it is not used in tea production period. the drug is not used in high temperature and drought.

Main root diseases of growing tea and their control

1. White silk disease of tea seedlings

(1) Distribution and symptoms: White silk disease of tea seedlings is a common root disease in nursery. The distribution is wide and the harm is serious. In addition to tea, it can also harm more than 200 kinds of plants, such as melons, Solanaceae, hemp, tobacco, peanuts and so on. Occurs in the root neck, the disease initially showed brown spots, the surface of the white woolly, after expansion around the root neck, shaped or white silk filamentous membrane, can expand to the soil surface. In the later stage, rapeseed sclerotia was formed in the disease, from white to yellowish brown to dark brown. Due to the pathogenicity of the pathogen, the cortex of the diseased plant rotted, the transport of water and nutrients was blocked, the leaves withered and fell off, and finally the whole plant died.

(2) pathogen: it is a kind of fungus of subphylum basidiomycetes. The mycelium is colorless at first, slightly brownish later, dense, forming sclerotia. The sclerotia is round, smooth, hard and dark brown. Vegetative forms, namely basidiospores and basidiospores, are produced under hot and humid conditions, but they are not common and have little effect on disease transmission.

(3) occurrence regularity: the sclerotia overwintered mainly in the soil or attached to the diseased tissue, and could survive for 5 to 6 years under dry conditions. At the turn of spring and summer in the following year, the hyphae germinated and produced when the temperature and humidity were suitable, which spread along the soil gap or spread with Rain Water, irrigation water, agricultural tools, etc., infecting the root neck of the seedlings. High temperature and high humidity are beneficial to the disease, which occurs most frequently from June to August. Heavy soil viscosity, excessive acidity, low-lying terrain, poor growth of tea seedlings, and the former as a susceptible parasite, the disease is also serious.

(4) Control methods: select wasteland or land of non-susceptible crops as nursery. Pay attention to the drainage of tea garden, improve the soil, promote the construction of seedlings and enhance disease resistance. The susceptible nursery should remove the diseased seedlings and disinfect the soil in time. The medicine uses 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, 0.5% copper sulfate solution or 70% methyl topiramate 500 times solution. The leaves of transplanted tea seedlings can be soaked in 20% lime water for disinfection.

2. Tea root cancer (compared with tea seedling blight)

(1) Distribution and symptoms: it is mainly harmful to tea seedlings, which occurs seriously in some tea areas, resulting in the death of tea seedlings. It is common in the cutting nursery, and both the main and lateral roots can be damaged. The bacteria invaded from the cutting mouth or root wound of the cuttings, producing light brown spherical protuberances at the initial stage, and then gradually enlarged like a tumor, small like millet grains, large like peas, and multiple tumors often healed into irregular large tumors. The tumor is brown, Lignified and hard, and the surface is rough. After the tea seedlings were damaged, the fibrous roots decreased, and the aboveground parts grew poorly or withered.

(2) pathogen: the pathogen of tea root cancer is wild bacillus, which belongs to bacteria. The cell is short rod-shaped, with 1-3 polar flagella. Gray-white round colonies were formed on the common medium. The suitable temperature for development was 25-29 ℃, and the lethal temperature was 51 ℃ (10 minutes). The development is the best in pH7.3.

(3) occurrence regularity: root cancer bacteria overwintered in soil or diseased tissue. When the environment is suitable in the following year, the damage will be caused by water flow, underground insects and agricultural tools. Germs invade from the wound or incision of the seedling, grow and develop in the tissue, stimulate cell division and produce cancer.

(4) Control methods: strict seedling inspection, control of underground pests and reduction of root wounds. If necessary, the seedlings can be soaked in 20% lime water for 10 minutes before transplanting.

3. Root knot nematode disease of tea seedlings

(1) Distribution and symptoms: mainly distributed in warm tea-producing areas. The disease is caused by a very small nematode. When the nematode invades the tea root, it forms a tumor in the root, which is similar to soybeans and rapeseed, and has different sizes, the damaged root has no fibrous root and is deformed, and sometimes the end of the root is thicker than the front end. The aboveground part of the diseased plant grows poorly, the plant is short, the growth is weak, the leaves turn yellow, and the leaves are easy to fall off and die in dry season.

(2) occurrence regularity: root-knot nematode is a kind of aerobic organism that likes high temperature and dryness. When the soil temperature reaches 25030 ℃ and the soil moisture is about 50%, the first generation can be completed in 20-30 days in sandy soil with high topography and loose soil structure, while nematode occurs more frequently in surface soil than in subsoil, and stops when it is below 10 ℃.

(3) Prevention and control methods:

① chose the wasteland as the nursery, but the land where peanuts, melons, legumes, sweet potatoes and other crops had been planted should not be used as the nursery. The soil should be turned deep in summer and turned again after 10 days in the sun to kill nematodes in the soil.

② should apply more phosphate and potassium fertilizer to the diseased seedlings and improve their disease resistance. At the same time, disinfecting with lime or applying 1:20 tea low water to the soil also has a better control effect.

4. Tea purple stripe feather disease

(1) Distribution and symptoms: it is distributed in all tea-producing areas, but it is more common in North and East China. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and adult stage, causing damage to the root or root neck. At first, the fibrous root is rotten, brown or dark brown, and then it spreads to the lateral root. After decay, it is purple-brown, and the surface of the disease spot is covered with purplish-brown filaments. On the surface of the diseased root, there are hemispherical granular wormwood nuclei and centimeters of nitrate, which is often surrounded by purplish red filaments. It is easy to peel off, and the root cortex is also easy to peel off. In severe cases, the aboveground part wilts, the new shoots sprout less, and the diseased plants die.

(2) occurrence regularity: the disease is more serious at the turn of high temperature and rainy spring and summer or between summer and autumn, and it is easy to occur in tea gardens with high groundwater level, poor drainage and over-dry soil. This pathogen can survive in the soil for many years, with agricultural operations; Rain Water, underground pests and root contact and spread, the transfer of infected seedlings and soil can also be transmitted over a long distance, continuous cropping and pre-cropping susceptible crops are also prone to disease.

(3) Prevention and control methods:

Select the aseptic healthy seedlings to dig up and burn the diseased seedlings in time, wash the tools after use, and then soak the rest of the healthy seedlings with 20% lime emulsion for 1 hour, or 50% carbendazim 1000 times diluted solution for half an hour before planting. Tea gardens with poor drainage and high water level should pay attention to drainage and dig drainage ditches before waterlogging. The land that had previously planted sweet potatoes, potatoes and fruit trees and had the disease should be disinfected with 70% pentachloronitrobenzene, disinfected with 2.5kg fine soil per mu, or irrigated with formalin 30 times dilution, and the root neck was watered with potassium permanganate or doinling 1000 times dilution at the initial stage of the disease.