Pot culture methods and matters needing attention of camellia

The cultivation history of camellias in China can be traced back to the period of Shuhan. At that time, people attached great importance to the status of camellias. Camellias were listed as "seven products and three lives" because of their beautiful plant shape, bright green leaves and colorful flowers. It is sought after by people. Let's take a look at the cultivation methods of camellias.

Growth habits of Camellia

Camellia is afraid of wind and sun, high and cool terrain, air circulation, warm and moist, well drained, loose and fertile sandy loam, loess or humus, pH5.5-6.5 is the best, the optimum temperature is between 20 and 32 ℃, stop growing above 29 ℃, leaves will be anxious at 35 ℃, require a certain temperature difference, environmental humidity more than 70%, most varieties can withstand-8 ℃ low temperature (natural overwintering, Yuncha is slightly not cold-tolerant) In the south of the Huaihe River, the acid soil can be naturally overwintered, and good air permeability is required. It can be cultivated with peat, sawn wood, red soil, humic soil, or above mixed substrate, which can be shaded in spring, autumn and winter, and 50% shading in summer.

Culture methods of Camellia

1. Place of placement: Camellia prefer semi-shade and avoid the scorching sun, so it is suitable to be placed in a warm, moist, ventilated and transparent place. Breed camellia in spring to have sufficient light, summer should pay attention to shade, avoid direct sunlight, if the camellia on the balcony, often accidentally it will be sunburned to death. Camellia in the process of storage and transportation, it is necessary to prevent high temperature and air drying, otherwise buds and flowers are easy to fall off, affecting the quality.

2. Temperature: Camellia likes warm climate, the suitable growth temperature is between 18 and 25 ℃, the initial flowering temperature is 2 ℃, it is slightly cold-tolerant, the general variety can withstand the low temperature of-10 ℃ and summer heat, but more than 36 ℃ will inhibit its growth. The cultivation of camellia requires a certain temperature difference, and the best environmental humidity is above 60%. It can generally survive the winter naturally in the south of the Huaihe River, while the varieties of Camellia are slightly less resistant to cold.

3. Watering: Camellia bonsai culture should keep the soil moist, but not stagnant water, so as not to affect the growth when dry and wet. In general, more water can be properly watered in spring, which is conducive to sprouting and sprouting; in summer, it is best to spray foliar water, so that the leaves are drenched thoroughly, not hot water should be watered, and the high temperature before and after noon should be avoided; proper amount of water should be watered in autumn; it is appropriate to water around noon in winter and spray water every two or three days.

4. Fertilization: Camellia likes fertilizer, so pay attention to put a layer of base fertilizer in the basin soil, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the best fertilization is the mixture of rotten bone powder, hair, chicken feathers, rice chaff ash, poultry dung and calcium superphosphate. Usually, it is not suitable to apply too much fertilizer, generally apply 2 or 3 times of thin fertilizer from April to May after flowering, and apply a slightly thicker water and fertilizer in autumn and November. Camellia fertilizer pay attention to the proportion of phosphate fertilizer should be slightly larger, in order to promote the flowers colorful.

5. Pruning: Camellia grows slowly and should not be overpruned. Generally, long branches, disease and insect branches and weak branches can be cut off. If there are too many buds on each branch, you can sparse the flowers, leaving only 1 or 2 buds and keeping a certain distance, and the rest should be picked as soon as possible so as not to consume too much nutrients. In addition, it is necessary to pick the withered flowers in time, which can also reduce the consumption of nutrients, so as to facilitate the robust growth of camellia and form new flower buds.

6. Turning the pot: it is best to turn the pot once every two years, and the new pot must be one size larger than the old pot, which is beneficial to the root system development of camellia. The best time for turning the pot of camellia is in April in spring, of course, it can also be carried out in autumn. When turning the basin, combined with soil replacement, properly remove part of the hardened old soil, replace it with fertile, loose, breathable new culture soil, and first place a layer of base fertilizer.

Florescence Management of Camellia

Generally speaking, after "the Beginning of Winter", camellias will bloom one after another. in order to make camellias big and colorful and improve their ornamental value, we must pay attention to the following technical points in flowering management.

1. Fertilizer and water management: after "the Beginning of Winter", the buds of most camellia varieties have been very inflated. At this time, mature organic fertilizers based on phosphate fertilizer must be applied every 7 days until the flowers crack. There are often several buds in a pot of camellias, and most varieties cannot bloom at the same time. After the first flowers have withered, fertilizers are still needed to make the later flowers bloom well and bloom. But after the flowers bloom, no more fertilizer can be applied, otherwise, they will suffer fertilizer damage and die. Camellia flowers in the flowering period, a large amount of water, as long as the pot soil is dry, you can water enough at noon, must not make the plant lack of water and cause the flowers to wither early.

2, to move less: camellias are very delicate during flowering, so they should be moved as little as possible, especially from indoor to outdoor. If you want to move from indoor to outdoor, remove the camellias that have been opened or are in bloom, and tie them up with nylon bags to prevent the attack of cold wind from freezing injury. Unopened buds have strong cold resistance and do not need to be bagged.

3. Pay attention to ventilation: camellias should not be kept in an unventilated room for a long time. Windows should be opened every day to facilitate the normal opening of buds.

4. supplementary application of thin fertilizer: for camellia varieties with larger potted plants, such as small peach red, golden prize peony, etc., if they bloom more at the same time, the florescence should be controlled for no more than 10 days, apply thin fertilizer in time after flowering, and pay attention to careful care, in order to restore "vitality".

Control of diseases and insect pests of camellia

1. Anthrax

[incidence characteristics] anthracnose is one of the common diseases of camellia, which usually occurs on the leaves of flowers and seedlings from June to July, and the disease spot starts from the leaf tip or leaf edge. At the beginning, water-stained green-brown disease spots appeared at the edge of the basal leaves, and then expanded into a layer of small black spots arranged in irregular large stripes to spread to the whole leaf, and finally caused the leaves to fall off.

[control methods] ① should strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, improve plant disease resistance, remove diseased leaves and burn them in time. After the spring shoot of ② grows, it is sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid to prevent bacterial infection. At the initial stage of the onset of ③ disease, 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder was sprayed with 600x aqueous solution, or 70% methyltolide wettable powder was sprayed with 1000-1500 times solution.

2. Soot disease

[incidence characteristics] soot disease can damage both branches and leaves, especially on leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, soot-like mildew spots appeared in the disease part, and then gradually expanded and connected to each other into pieces, so that most of the plants were covered by soot-like mildew layer. After parasitism, the pathogen not only absorbs the nutrients of flowers, but also seriously affects the photosynthesis and absorption of plants, resulting in a large number of fallen leaves.

[control methods] ① planting should not be too dense, keep the plants in good condition of ventilation and light transmission. ② does not make the humidity too high and controls the conditions for the growth of bacteria. During the onset of ③, Baumei 0.3 degree stone-sulfur mixture was sprayed every 10-15 days for a total of 3 times. ④ can also be sprayed with 50% tophan wettable powder, once in 7-10 days, 3 times, and the therapeutic effect can be obtained.

3. Root knot nematode disease

[characteristics of the disease] Root knot nematode disease harms the roots of camellia, making the roots turn dark brown and root nodules rot and break. The main root was enlarged, the new beard was not born, and the ground plant stopped growing, which gradually led to the death of the whole plant.

[control methods] ① should disinfect the cultured soil and kill the pathogenic insects before putting it into the pot. Immediately after ② found the patient, the sterilized culture soil was used as the basin soil to change the basin. Before changing the basin, ③ can use the basin soil in the scorching sun factory for 2-3 days. ④ can be disinfected by spraying soil with dibromochloropropane and 100,150x water, but the soil after using this drug must be stacked for 20 days before it can be planted in the pot. Otherwise, it will damage the root system.

4. Moire leaf blight

[disease characteristics] moire leaf blight harms twigs, leaves and buds. The disease spot on the leaf mostly occurs at the leaf tip and leaf edge. At the initial stage, the disease spot is semicircular or irregular, yellowish green, then gradually brown, and in the later stage, the disease spot is gray-white edge dark brown. In the later stage, the diseased leaves are brittle and easy to fall off; the disease spots on the shoots are striped dark brown, slightly concave, and the branches die when they are serious. The onset period is from May to August.

[control methods] in early summer in June, when the temperature rises suddenly and the leaves appear withered spots, it should be protected by spraying. In August, when the rainfall is more than 40 mm and the average relative humidity is more than 80%, spray immediately. Can choose 75% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim, 70% methyl topu 1500 times solution for prevention and control. After spraying carbendazim, carbendazim and methyl thiophanate, tea can be picked at an interval of 10 days, and the safe interval of chlorothalonil is 14 days. The non-picking tea garden can also spray 0.7% lime half-volume Bordeaux liquid.

How to grow Camellia in potted plants? Culture methods and matters needing attention of Camellia

Camellia, also known as Camellia, Camellia, etc., are shrubs or small trees of the genus Camellia in the Theaceae. They bloom for a long time and bloom from October to May of the following year. The blooming period is usually from January to March. Because of their graceful plant shape, bright green leaves and colorful flowers, they are cherished by the horticultural circles of the world. Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention of camellias.

Distribution of Origin of Camellia

There are about 2000 varieties of camellias, which can be divided into 3 categories and 12 flower types. Originated in southwest China, it is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins of China, Yunnan and Korea, Japan, India and other places. Most of the open fields in central and southern China have been cultivated for 1400 years, while potted plants are planted in greenhouses in the north. There are wild species in Sichuan, Taiwan, Shandong, Jiangxi and other places.

Growth habits of Camellia

Camellia fear the wind and enjoy the sun, the terrain is high and cool, air circulation, warm and moist, good drainage, loose and fertile sandy loam, loess or humus, pH5.5~6.5 is the best. The optimum temperature is between 20 and 32 ℃, stop growing when the temperature is above 29 ℃, and the leaves will be anxious at 35 ℃, which requires a certain temperature difference. The environmental humidity is more than 70%, and most varieties can withstand the low temperature of-8 ℃. In the south of Huaihe River, they can survive the winter naturally and like acid soil, and require good air permeability. The root hair is developed and can usually be cultivated with a mixture of peat, sawn wood, laterite, humic soil or above. Camellias can be shaded in spring, autumn and winter, and 50% shading can be used in summer.

Propagation methods of Camellia

1. Cutting propagation: the cutting propagation of camellias is the most convenient, and the cutting time is the most suitable in September, or in spring. Select the well-growing, semi-lignified branches, remove the basal leaves, retain the upper 3 leaves, cut them into an oblique mouth with a sharp knife, immediately soak the incision in 200~500ppm indolebutyric acid for 15 minutes, dry it into a sand basin or vermiculite basin, water the wound for about 40 days, and take root for about 60 days. The cuttings treated with hormone took root 2-3 months earlier than those without hormone. Vermiculite is used as a slotting bed, and it takes root much faster than a sand bed.

2. Breeding by grafting: choose appropriate varieties such as tea cup tea or Camellia oleifera as rootstock and connect valuable camellias. The connecting time is usually between Ching Ming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. First plant the rootstock in the flowerpot, cut off about half of the joint with a knife, the incision should be smooth, then make the cut of both sides closely fit, wrap it with plastic film, drench the rootstock twice a day, and heal after 60 days. At that time, it can be cut off and planted in the shade of trees to avoid direct sunlight. In February of the following year, the tail of the rootstock was cut off with a knife and then planted.

3. Leaf cutting propagation: leaf cutting propagation is generally used in camellia propagation, but some valuable varieties are also used because of the limitation of the source of branches or considering that the shape of the tree will be affected after sampling. Using mountain mud as the cutting substrate, it can be mixed with 1 stroke 3 river sand to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and the matrix is stored in a tile basin, and then cut in the basin. Leaf insertion is best carried out in the rainy season, take one-year-old leaves as leaf insertion material, too old is not easy to root, too young and easy to rot. Insert about 2 cm into the soil, press the soil after insertion, pour enough water, and then put it in a cool and ventilated place. Generally, it can take root in 3 months, and it can sprout and branch in the next spring.

4. High-cutting propagation: the most important feature of the high-altitude cutting method is that it can give new life to all the weak twigs on the camellias that should have been pruned. And this method has the advantages of high survival rate, quick rejuvenation and early flowering. The method is as follows: the thin branches that need to be trimmed off are girdled in an appropriate position, and the girdling length can be between 5-8 mm (generally the upper part can be left into 15-25 cm branches). The plastic film of appropriate size is bound, and the disinfected peat soil or rotten leaf soil is added into the film, and after 7 days, the lower part of the plastic film is peeled 5-8 mm, which is called double-ring peeling high insertion method.

5. Tree grafting propagation: grafting propagation of camellia has many advantages, which can maintain the excellent characters of varieties, accelerate plant growth and make it take shape rapidly and produce on a large scale. It is especially important to save panicle strips, especially for those rare varieties with few sources of panicle strips. The suitable grafting time is from June to July, when the new leaves of camellia scion have been unfolded, the temperature is high, the grafting wound heals quickly and the survival rate is high. The grafting method is the cutting method in the grafting method, which is often called "high grafting head" because of the high position of grafting.

Culture methods of camellias

1. Soil demand: soil is the fundamental condition for the growth of camellia, so the choice of soil is also very important. generally, when we choose soil, we should choose soil with high humus and slightly acidic soil. the pH value of general soil is between 5 and 6.5.

2, the temperature is suitable: the general camellia suitable growth temperature is 18-25 degrees, the environmental temperature is too high or too low is not conducive to the growth of camellia, especially in winter, move the plants to the indoor growth, move the plants to the balcony at noon, and pay attention to sunscreen in summer to prevent the temperature from being too high.

3, appropriate watering: generally camellias like to grow in a humid environment, so we should mainly water camellias, but we should pay attention to keeping the soil not too dry or too wet, generally watering more in spring and summer. this is also conducive to the growth of camellias, pay attention to less watering in winter, watering every two or three days is better.

4, appropriate fertilization: Camellia is a fertilizer-loving plant, so in the process of breeding, pay attention to fertilization, generally in the growing period, add phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which is also conducive to the growth of camellia, so that the flowers bloom more luxuriantly, at the same time, the main fertilization should not be too much.

5. Regular pruning: pruning is also very important. When camellia buds are dense, regular pruning is recommended to cut off weak branches and arrange buds. At the same time, it can also promote the absorption of nutrients.

6. pest prevention: Camellia is also easy to develop diseases and insect pests, generally there are two kinds of diseases and insect pests, black mold and anthrax, pay attention to spraying some drugs to eliminate diseases and insect pests for camellia during the period of diseases and insect pests, which can play a good role in promoting growth.

Pot Culture method of Camellia

1. Pot soil selection: according to the growth characteristics of camellia, it is appropriate to choose slightly acidic, loose, fertile and well drained mixed soil as basin soil, especially pay attention to good drainage, do not use calcareous soil, the proportion of mixed soil is 6 parts of red soil, 3 parts of orchid mud (rotten leaf soil), 1 part of fine sandy soil, the basin size should be moderate, should not be too large or too small. In general, the ratio of pot to seedling is that a camellia with a height of 40 cm and a crown of 20 cm should be planted in a purple sand basin or tile basin with a diameter of about 20 cm, and so on.

2. potting time: the potting time of camellia is November in winter and February to March in early spring. At this time, the buds are enlarged and the flowers are in full bloom, which is the most suitable for pots. When the flowers are withering and the new roots are still sprouting, if you want to put them on the pot, you must pay special attention not to hurt the roots. Generally stop potting before and after the sprouting period, because at this time the new shoots are waiting to be sent and the leaves are developed, which requires a lot of water, such as pots, new roots are injured, which can easily affect the growth and development of the year. High temperature and severe winter season also avoid pots, so as not to cause plant atrophy and death.

3. The method of potting: first put 3 or 4 pieces of broken tiles on the bottom hole of the flowerpot, then fill part of the coarse soil, plant the seedlings in the pot, fill the root with fine soil, then slowly put the larger grain of potted soil all around the pot, gently shake the basin and press it by hand to make the potted soil close to the root. Large pots can be gently compacted down with bamboo sticks, and be careful not to hurt their roots. The basin soil should account for 4% of the basin height and 5% for watering.

4. Watering method: the seedlings in the new pot are kept moist, and can be watered like other potted seedlings after 2 months, and the watering times should be determined according to the climate, based on the principle of keeping the soil moist. Generally, it can be watered more in spring to meet the needs of sprouting and shoots, summer watering should be carried out in the morning and evening, water should be prevented in the Meiyu period, timely watering in autumn drought, and watering in winter should be carried out at noon to prevent the basin soil from freezing, and the soil is dry and frozen more intensely.

5. Fertilization method: Camellia does not like fertilizer very much, so it is not necessary to apply too much fertilizer. Generally, it is 10-11 before flowering, 4-5 months after anthesis, fertilizing for 2-4 times. General use of mixed fertilizers (human feces and urine, cake fertilizer, barnyard manure, phosphate fertilizer), it is best to give priority to phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer as a deputy, in order to prevent branches from growing and flowers decreasing. All kinds of fertilizers must be fully mature and used, but rapeseed cakes and fish meal can be removed directly on the soil surface without decay, covered with a thin layer of soil, and allowed to slowly rot and seep into the soil for root absorption. The amount of fertilizer application should be mastered that the strong seedlings should be applied more, and the weak seedlings should be applied less or not. for the seedlings whose growth is too weak, replace the pot soil instead of fertilization, the effect is also very good.

6, shade against cold: Camellia likes warm and humid climate, too cold and heat are not conducive to growth and development. The potted camellias should be given plenty of sunshine in spring and Meiyu period, otherwise the branches are weak, which can easily cause bituminous disease and shell insects, or epiphytic moss, resulting in withered branches, senescence or death. The high temperature season in summer and autumn should be sheltered and cooled in time. When the temperature drops below zero in winter, it will cause buds to fall off or stamens to be frozen, affecting the quality of flowering. Therefore, the indoor overwintering temperature of potted seedlings should be kept at about 3: 4 ℃. If the temperature exceeds 16 ℃, it will promote early germination and serious defoliation and buds.

7. Disease control: the main pests of camellia are stem borer and shell worm. The main diseases are anthracnose on the leaf, black coal disease and mossy parasitism on the branches, so the damaged branches should be cut off and sprayed in time.

Matters needing attention in Camellia Culture

The main results are as follows: 1. Camellia is not suitable for intensity pruning, its flowers, leaves and buds develop for a long time, and the crown is formed evenly. Basically, there is no need for special pruning, just cut off disease and insect branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and truncated long branches.

2. Camellia is a multi-flowered tree species, especially on weak plants, if the buds are dense, it will consume too many nutrients, which is disadvantageous to the plant growth. Therefore, bud picking is an important part of cultivation and management, it is appropriate to leave 1 bud and 2 buds on each branch, only 3 buds at most, and keep a certain distance. The sparse buds can be used medicinally.

3. The flowering period of camellia is longer, and the whole flowering period is as long as half a year. Therefore, picking close to withered flowers in time is of great benefit to reduce nutrient consumption and enhance the tree potential.

How to grow potted camellias? Culture methods and matters needing attention of Camellia

Camellia is a flower plant of the genus Camellia of Theaceae, with green and chic leaves, large and colorful flowers, and very high ornamental value. It is a very good potted ornamental flower and is favored by flower lovers. So, how to grow potted camellias? The culture methods and matters needing attention of camellia are introduced as follows.

Picture: Camellia

I. Culture methods of potted camellias

1. Place: Camellia prefer semi-shade and avoid the scorching sun, so it is suitable to be placed in a warm, moist, ventilated and transparent place. Breed camellia in spring to have sufficient light, summer should pay attention to shade, avoid direct sunlight, if the camellia on the balcony, often accidentally it will be sunburned to death. Camellia in the process of storage and transportation, it is necessary to prevent high temperature and air drying, otherwise buds and flowers are easy to fall off, affecting the quality.

two。 Temperature: Camellia likes warm climate, the suitable growth temperature is between 18-25 ℃, the initial flowering temperature is 2 ℃, it is slightly cold-resistant, the general variety can withstand the low temperature of-10 ℃ and summer heat, but more than 36 ℃ will inhibit its growth. The cultivation of camellia requires a certain temperature difference, and the best environmental humidity is above 60%. It can generally survive the winter naturally in the south of the Huaihe River, while the varieties of Camellia are slightly less resistant to cold.

3. Watering: Camellia bonsai culture to keep the soil moist, but not stagnant water, so as not to affect the growth when dry. In general, more water can be properly watered in spring, which is conducive to sprouting and sprouting; in summer, it is best to spray foliar water, so that the leaves are drenched thoroughly, not hot water should be watered, and the high temperature before and after noon should be avoided; proper amount of water should be watered in autumn; it is appropriate to water around noon in winter and spray water every two or three days.

Picture: Camellia

4. Fertilization: Camellia likes fertilizer, pay attention to put a layer of base fertilizer in the basin soil, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, fertilization is the best mixture of rotten bone powder, hair, chicken feathers, rice chaff ash, poultry dung and calcium superphosphate. Usually should not fertilize too much, generally apply 2-3 times thin fertilizer water between April and May after flowering, and apply a slightly thicker water and fertilizer in autumn November. Camellia fertilizer pay attention to the proportion of phosphate fertilizer should be slightly larger, in order to promote the flowers colorful.

5. Pruning: Camellia growth is relatively slow, should not be over-pruned, generally only long branches and disease and insect branches, weak branches can be cut off. If there are too many buds on each branch, you can sparse the flowers, leaving only 1-2, and keep a certain distance, the rest should be picked as soon as possible, so as not to consume too much nutrients. In addition, it is necessary to pick the withered flowers in time, which can also reduce the consumption of nutrients, so as to facilitate the robust growth of camellia and form new flower buds.

6. Turn the pot: potted camellia had better turn the pot once in 1-2 years, and the new pot must be one size bigger than the old pot, which is beneficial to the root system development of camellia. The best time for turning the pot of camellia is in April in spring, of course, it can also be carried out in autumn. When turning the basin, combined with soil replacement, properly remove part of the hardened old soil, replace it with fertile, loose, breathable new culture soil, and first place a layer of base fertilizer.

Picture: Camellia

Matters needing attention in potted camellia culture

Camellia is not suitable for intensity pruning, its flowers, leaves, buds develop for a long time, and the crown is formed evenly. Basically, there is no need for special pruning, just cut off disease and insect branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and truncated long branches. Camellia is a multi-flowered tree species, especially on weak plants, if the buds are dense, it will consume too many nutrients, which is disadvantageous to the plant growth. Therefore, bud picking is an important part of cultivation and management, it is appropriate to leave 1-2 buds on each branch, only 3 buds at most, and keep a certain distance. The sparse buds can be used medicinally. The flowering period of camellia is longer, and the whole flowering period is as long as half a year. Therefore, picking close to withered flowers in time is of great benefit to reduce nutrient consumption and enhance the tree potential.

[conclusion] Camellia likes warm, moist, well-drained, loose and fertile soil, so more attention should be paid to it in the process of conservation. The above introduces the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of camellia, hoping to be helpful to you!