Planting methods and key points of cultivation and Management of Magnolia

Magnolia, Magnolia, Magnolia,

Growth habits of Magnolia Magnolia

Magnolia is native to Java, Indonesia, and is now widely planted in Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces and regions of China, and is still wild in Lushan, Huangshan, Emei Mountain, Jushi Mountain and other places. It is suitable for growing in warm and humid climate and fertile and loose soil. It likes light, is not resistant to drought and waterlogging, dies after 2-3 days of flooding, and is sensitive to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine.

Propagation methods of Magnolia Magnolia

1. Seed propagation

① seed collection: usually in the first or middle of September, when the fruit turns red and part of the fruit cracks to reveal red seeds, it can be harvested. After threshing, full and bright seeds are selected for seed.

② seed treatment: soak the seeds in 50-60 ℃ warm water for 10 minutes, knead the seeds with fine sand, remove wax, sift out the seeds, store them with 3 times of wet sand in the leeward sunny pit, cover them with grass for heat preservation and moisturization, and sow them when about 50% of the seeds are cracked and exposed in the following spring, and autumn sowing can be carried out with picking. At this time, the fresh seeds should be soaked in warm water with plant ash for 3-5 days, rub to water frequently, and sow after the seeds break.

③ seed sowing: the seedbed should be made into a high bed with a width of 1.2m, a height of 30cm and a trail width of 30cm. A horizontal trench with a row spacing of 20cm should be made on the bed with a sowing width of 5cm, a ditch depth of 6cm, a soil cover of 3cm after sowing, and a straw cover. The seedlings can be seeded in the first ten days of March and in the middle and last ten days of May. The seedlings can emerge after sowing in autumn for more than a month. After emergence, remove the mulch in time, cut branches and shade, and often water, maintain a humid environment, strengthen management, weed removal and topdressing, and can be planted after two years of cultivation.

2. Ramet propagation: at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, the old plants with tillers are dug up with roots and planted as they are dug.

3. Striping method: gently press the twigs of the mother tree near the ground into the soil in early spring, so that the soil cover is forked firmly, so that the branches grow out tender roots and new branches on the ground, which can be planted after a year.

4. high-altitude striping method: in late June, select young branches on the mother plant, cut off the branches with a knife at the bifurcation, cut off the branches in a semi-orchard shape, cover them with plastic film or bamboo tube, fill them with moist and fertile soil, tie them tightly with ropes for external use, do not move and keep them moist, and check the new roots in late April of the following year.

5. Cuttage propagation: in summer and autumn, 1-2-year-old twigs are selected and cut into 15-20 cm long cuttings, the upper end is cut flat, and the lower end is cut into horse ear shape. After wetting, 500ppm indole butyric acid and talcum powder powder is oblique to insert into the seedbed, leaving 2 nodes at the lower end, showing a node on the ground, building a shed for shade, keeping the soil moist, and rooting in about 1 month.

6. Grafting propagation: seedlings propagated by seeds need to be cultivated for 7-8 years before they can blossom. When grafted seedlings are planted, they can blossom in only 2-3 years. The commonly used grafting methods are "bud grafting" and "cutting grafting". Cutting and bud grafting are the same as ordinary flowers and trees.

Planting method of Magnolia lanceolata

1. Preparation for transplanting: deep ploughing and soil preparation in autumn and winter, 1-1.5 meters of bed in the next spring, fertilization and weeding during soil preparation to ensure the vigorous growth of seedlings after transplantation.

2. Transplanting time: the suitable time for transplanting is when 2-3 true leaves are grown after the seedling is unearthed, and 1-2 days before the seedling, if the weather is dry and the soil is hardened, the transplanted seedling should be watered thoroughly, once a day, in order not to destroy the root system. When the soil is more consolidated, use a small shovel (2-3 cm wide) to insert it into the soil at an angle of 45 °to help loosen the soil. Then lift the seedlings up until the roots are completely raised from the soil surface.

3. Timely planting: the planting pit can be temporarily dug with a small shovel when transplanting, straighten the seedlings, bury the rhizome 1-2 cm, squeeze the soil tightly with hands, and then water it.

4, light temperature: suitable to live in a sunny environment to grow, sufficient light can make the plant luxuriant branches and leaves, flowers more and more fragrant, can endure the low temperature of-20 ℃ for a short time, overwintering in the open field in Zhengzhou area, and generally in Beijing area, but cold protection measures should be taken when the temperature is lower than-20 ℃, and it is sensitive to temperature, and the flowering time can be advanced by high temperature.

5. Watering and fertilization: fertilizer can be applied twice a year, one is overwintering fertilizer, the other is post-anthesis fertilizer, it is better to use thin and rotten human feces and urine, avoid concentrated fertilizer, watering can be determined as appropriate, less watering in cloudy days, more watering in early days, vigorous growth in spring, slightly greater water demand, watering twice a month, and slightly more in summer. The amount of water is reduced in autumn and is generally watered slightly in winter, but the soil can also be watered once when the soil is too dry.

6. Shaping and pruning: after flower fade and before leaf bud germination. Generally do not prune, because the callus ability of magnolia branches is poor, do not do large shaping and pruning, only need to cut off dense branches, overgrown branches, cross branches, dry and withered branches, disease and insect branches, cultivate a reasonable tree shape and make the posture beautiful. Direct application of the anti-corrosion film on the cut and saw wound can quickly form a tough soft film close to the wood, protect the growth of wound healing tissue, prevent the infection of rot bacteria, prevent soil and Rain Water pollution, prevent freezing, and prevent wound cracking.

7. Florescence control: if you want New Year's Day or Magnolia to blossom during the Spring Festival, you can move the potted magnolia to a low-temperature greenhouse 40-50 days in advance, gradually break the dormancy, and then put it in a high-temperature greenhouse 25-30 days later, maintain more than 60% air humidity, spray flowers with Zhuangtiling, and then blossom, which can promote strong buds, enlarged petals, gorgeous colors, rich fragrance and prolonged flowering period. How to make potted Magnolia magnolia with large flowers, many flowers, fragrant flowers, colorful flowers and long flowering period, the key is to strengthen the flowering management of potted Magnolia magnolia.

8. disease control: Magnolia orchid pests are mainly aphids and shell worms. In the process of management, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of anthracnose in addition to chlorosis and root rot. Shell insects can be sprayed with 0.3% to 0.4% acid vinegar or by hand. Aphids harm buds and flower buds, can be killed by quick-killing, or 500 times the solution of detergent. You can also use cotton swabs with washing powder solution to remove pests, and then spray the branches and leaves with clean water. If the disease is found, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and 50% carbendazim 500x to 800x aqueous solution should be sprayed to the leaves, or 70% topiramate 800x to 1000 times solution should be used for control.

Cultivation and Management of Magnolia Magnolia

Cultivation and Management of Magnolia Magnolia

(1) Overview

Magnolia Magnolia alias Magnolia Magnolia Yutangchun belongs to Magnoliaceae Magnolia. Produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong provinces, wild in the mountains of 500-10000 meters above sea level, often mixed with evergreen broad-leaved forests. Magnolia Magnolia is a unique famous flower in China, which is white in color and smells like orchid, hence its name. The trees are full of flowers in early spring, and the branches and leaves are luxuriant and the trees are magnificent after the flowers. Into the autumn green leaves and red fruit, do not have a graceful appearance. In ancient and modern gardens, it is often matched with pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions. if it is planted with pine trees and rocks, it will be more interesting. If it can be planted in clumps, the blooming season is like a sea of snow and clouds, with a variety of weather. Magnolia magnolia has strong resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine, so it can be planted as green space in industrial mining area. The bark and petals are a good medicine.

(2) cultivation methods

Magnolia likes warm and humid environment. When planting Magnolia in North China, we should choose places with leeward facing sun, no stagnant water and shade on the side, and neutral sandy loam soil with good drainage.

(3) key points of management

During the growing season, the soil should be kept moist and watered once a month. Soil drought will lead to flower bud shedding and affect flowering in the following year. Stop watering in the rainy season and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention. Pour enough anti-freezing water in the middle and last ten days of November, and bury the soil to prevent cold immediately after water infiltration, in order to survive the winter safely. Moderate pruning after falling leaves in autumn, in addition to cutting off dead branches, long branches should also be cut to (2cm) 15cm, medium and short branches are generally not cut, and the cutting mouth is not less than 1 cm from the bud. The old branch f should be sawed off in time to facilitate renewal.

(4) transplanting and planting

When sowing and propagating, the fruit is placed in cold water, the red aril is scrubbed clean, the seeds are taken out and dried indoors, and stored in wet sand at 0: 10 degrees Celsius. They are sown in indoor pots or wooden boxes at the beginning of March of the following year. They can germinate and emerge 20 days after sowing, and can be transplanted to flowerpot pots or open field seedbeds in late April, and four-year-old seedlings can be planted. Magnolia should not be transplanted with bare roots.

Key points of Management of Magnolia cultivation in Cold area

Magnolia is as white as jade and fragrant as orchid. It is a famous early spring flower and an excellent tree species for landscaping in China, but the planting of green space in cold areas needs corresponding technical measures to maintain long-term survival. 100 magnolia plants were planted in Huaxia District, Benxi City, Liaoning Province in the spring of 1997, and the survival rate has reached more than 95% so far. After more than 10 years of cultivation and conservation, Benxi Magnolia has become a successful magnolia scenic belt planted in cold areas.

Before preparing the culture soil to plant Magnolia, the culture soil should be prepared for reserve. The method of preparing culture soil: take 5 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of garden soil and 2 parts of sand and mix them evenly to ensure that Magnolia has a good culture medium.

Raising seedlings with soil balls is one of the key technical measures for the survival of Magnolia. The diameter of the soil ball is about 8 ~ 10 times of the breast diameter of Magnolia magnolia. It is packed with straw rope or straw belt to ensure that the soil ball is not scattered or cracked in the process of handling.

When planting magnolia, the diameter of the pit is 40 cm ~ 60 cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball, and the pit depth is 10 cm ~ 20 cm higher than the height of the soil ball. The pit should be standard and avoid the bottom pit. Put the magnolia ball into the pit, take out the grass belt or rope as far as possible, while filling the soil with a shovel handle or stick to tamp the soil, be careful not to destroy the soil ball, fill the soil to the root of the seedling.

After watering magnolia, build a Weir on the outer edge of the pit. The Weir is 15 cm ~ 20 cm high and 20 cm ~ 30 cm wide at the bottom. After the earth Weir is built, the earth Weir should be watered within 24 hours, and the amount of water should be thoroughly watered. In the future, it will be watered according to the weather conditions. if the weather is relatively dry, it will be watered for the second time from 3 to 4 days and for the third time from 7 to 10 days. After the water is poured for the third time, the pit is sealed after the water seeps. If there is a long drought in the future, it should be watered properly.

Pruning should be pruned before or after planting, combined with beautification of the tree shape, mainly to cut off overgrown branches, weak branches, overdense branches, drooping branches, injured and broken branches, disease and insect branches, and dead branches. It can be pruned by two ways of cutting short and thinning branches to make Magnolia ventilated and transparent, beautiful in shape and conducive to growth.

After fertilization and flowering, topdressing can be applied once from May to June to facilitate the formation of flower buds, either with mature liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer. In autumn, Magnolia should be properly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, plant ash and so on. The method of ring application can be used to fully Lignify the branches and improve the disease resistance and cold resistance of Magnolia. After the soil is thawed, the rotten organic fertilizer is applied to Magnolia every year as the base fertilizer, and the methods of ditch application, hole application and ring application can be adopted according to the situation.

According to the specific cultivation situation of Magnolia, the techniques of overwintering and cold prevention can be carried out in the following ways:

The whitening agent made of 10 parts of lime, 1 part of stone sulfur mixture and 50 parts of water at the end of October or the beginning of November can reduce the harm of sudden change of temperature difference and kill some overwintering diseases and insect pests. In order to stick firmly, an appropriate amount of salt can be added to the whitening agent.

Before freezing the land, pour enough frozen water once, so that after freezing in winter, a frozen layer will be formed around the roots to maintain the constant temperature of the roots, which is not affected by sudden changes in external air temperature. at the same time, the increase of soil moisture can also prevent Magnolia sentry strips. The time of pouring frozen water in cold areas should not be too early, otherwise it will affect the cold resistance. Generally, freezing water is poured after frosting, and before Lesser Snow, it is carried out according to the local situation.

Before the land was frozen in the middle of November, the soil mound with a diameter of 80 cm ~ 100 cm and a height of 40 cm ~ 50 cm was built at the root of the tree after filling frozen water, which could prevent frostbite and reduce the evaporation of soil water.

In winter, you can use the roll dry pressed by the grass rope road or wrap the trunk and part of the main branches with straw to protect against the cold, and remove the bandage after the late frost in spring.

In order to reduce the damage to the trunk and branches caused by the cold and dry wind, wind barriers can be erected in the upwind direction. The materials of the wind barrier can be made of stem, Jingba, Reed and so on. The height of the wind barrier should go beyond the height of the tree. It should be firmly supported with wooden sticks and bamboo poles to prevent the wind from falling down, and the leaking place can be filled with straw, and sometimes the snow can be filled with mud under the magnolia tree to maintain a certain low temperature to avoid the attack of the cold wind. Early spring can increase moisture and preserve soil moisture, reduce soil temperature, and prevent premature bud germination from being harmed by late frost.

Spring irrigation early spring land thawing timely irrigation, often keep the mound moist, to prevent the spring breeze blowing Magnolia drought whistle has a great role.

The common disease of Magnolia is anthracnose, which can be controlled by strengthening maintenance and management or using drugs. Remove the diseased leaves in time and cut off the diseased tips. Burn diseased leaves, fallen leaves and residual branches in time. Avoid getting too wet, pay attention to drainage, keep good ventilation and light transmission. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 500x liquid, 50% bacilli special wettable powder 500x liquid or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 1000 times solution were sprayed for prevention and treatment.

The common pests of Magnolia are red wax scale, grub, ground tiger, golden needle beetle, Jiding and longicorn beetle. Physical and chemical control methods can be taken according to the situation.