Efficient cultivation techniques of pollution-free Pleurotus eryngii

[abstract]: Pleurotus eryngii is one of the best mushrooms with thick meat, rich nutrition and long shelf life, which is called "king of Pleurotus ostreatus". Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of rare edible fungus with good taste and medicinal function.

1. Biological characteristics

Temperature: Pleurotus eryngii is a medium-low temperature variety, the optimum temperature for mycelial growth is 23: 26 ℃, the optimum temperature for primordium formation is 10: 15 ℃, and the temperature for fruiting body development varies with strains, generally 15-18 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 8 ℃ or higher than 20 ℃, the fruiting body is underdeveloped, and air temperature is the key to the success or failure of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation.

Nutrition: Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of edible fungus with strong ability to decompose cellulose and lignin, which needs abundant nitrogen source; the richer the nitrogen source is, the better the mycelium growth is, and the higher the yield is; the matrix materials are cotton seed shell, sawdust, bagasse, straw and so on; the medium with cottonseed shell as the main material has the highest yield, large shape and good fruit body flavor.

Moisture and humidity: the water content of the culture medium should be 60%, the moisture content should be moderate when mixing the material, and the ratio of material to water should be 1 ∶ 1.1; the relative humidity of fruiting body formation and development stage is 90% 95% and 85% 90% respectively.

Air: both mycelium growth and fruiting body development need fresh air, but a certain amount of carbon dioxide concentration can obviously stimulate mycelium growth and primordium formation.

Light: the mycelium growth stage does not need light, but the fruit body differentiation and growth need some scattered light; the suitable light intensity is 500~1000Ix. PH value: the optimum pH value for mycelium growth and mushroom emergence was 6.5-7.5 and 5.5-6.5, respectively.

2. High-yield cultivation techniques

(1) seasonal arrangement. The temperature of Pleurotus eryngii is relatively strict, and it is difficult to form a fruiting body if the temperature is too high or too low. It is best to arrange the production season according to the temperature range of the selected varieties, because if the first tide of Pleurotus eryngii is not formed normally, it will affect the normal emergence of the second tide. Generally, it is appropriate to make bacterial bags in early September and begin to produce mushrooms in mid-and late-October. Under normal circumstances, New Year's Day ends producing mushrooms before and after.

(2) the formula of cultivation materials. ① corncob 50%, cottonseed hull 30%, wheat bran 15%, cornmeal 3%, sucrose 1%, calcium carbonate 1%. ② sawdust 35%, cottonseed hull 40%, wheat bran 20%, corn meal 3%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%, moisture 60% 65%, the mixture of sawdust and cottonseed hull is the best.

(3) bagging, sterilization and inoculation. Pleurotus eryngii is generally produced by clinker bag cultivation. Conventional plastic bags of 17cm and 50cm are used. After disinfection and sterilization, the bacteria bags were inoculated and cultured in a culture room with suitable temperature and dark light. When the mycelium grows to 10-1.5 cm, it can be ventilated with micropores. One-sided drilling inoculation, bagging bacteria, the method of mushroom from the inoculation hole is better.

(4) mushroom promotion and mushroom production management.

① mushroom rack: after the mycelium is full, the shelf can be arranged. The mushroom rods are placed in the mushroom shed in the north-south direction, with two rows of each mushroom wall, with the mushroom end facing outward and a management road left in the middle. In order to prevent the accumulation of water in the inoculation hole, the inoculation hole of the bacterial bag must face down before mushroom emergence. After the primordium is formed and grows to the size of the soybean grain, the bacterial bag is turned over and the fruiting body is placed upward.

② bud thinning: Pleurotus eryngii is an important technical link to ensure high quality and high yield. if handled properly, commercial mushrooms can be increased by 10% to 20%. The method is to first prepare a small sharp knife, select dense young buds at the point where mushroom buds occur, make sure that each mushroom surface retains 2 or 4 young buds, and cut off the tips of the rest with a sharp knife. Secondly, the reserved spacing of mushroom buds should be appropriate to avoid crowding when growing up, and do not hurt and retain buds when thinning buds. After completing the operation of thinning buds, spray the walls, floors, vents and other places in the shed in time, and apply 100 times bleach solution to prevent the wounds of thinning buds from being infected with virus bacteria.

③ controlled moisture and temperature: when the temperature of the greenhouse was controlled at 10: 18 ℃, it was difficult to form primordia below 10 ℃; the differentiation of primordia stopped when it was more than 20 ℃; when it lasted for more than 20 ℃, the formed buds softened, shrunk and died. Therefore, it is properly ventilated according to the size and quantity of mushrooms to keep the air relative humidity in the shed at 85% and 90%. You can increase the relative humidity of the air by spraying water to the ground and space, and try not to spray the water directly on the hand body to prevent the rot caused by infected bacteria.

④ integrated pest control: the main diseases and insect pests of Pleurotus eryngii are bacteria, green mold, Trichoderma and mushroom flies. Usually, diseases and insect pests are not easy to occur at low temperature. Strengthening ventilation and temperature control can prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. If bacteria, green mold and Trichoderma contamination are found, the bacterial bags should be taken out and buried deeply outside in time, and the mushroom flies can be trapped and killed by electric light and armyworm board, combined with spot latent Ling 2000,2500 times liquid spray.

3. Timely harvest

The main results are as follows: (1) when the cap is flat, the edge is slightly involute, and the spores can be harvested before ejection. Hold the handle in hand during harvest, pull up the whole flower in rotation, cut off the sawdust on the handle in time, clean the material surface after harvest, stop spraying water, and the second tide mushroom can be produced after 7 days and 10 days of culture.

(2) after 2 tide mushrooms were produced in the bacterial bag, the nutrition and moisture in the bacterial bag could not meet the needs of mushroom production in the later stage. It is necessary to remove the film in time for soil mulching cultivation. After the management of covering soil, 2 tide mushrooms can be produced in the later stage.

(3) the harvested Pleurotus eryngii can be listed in graded fresh-keeping packaging according to the standard. Can be sliced and dried or processed into soft cans that do not meet the requirements of the standard. It can not only achieve the purpose of long-term storage, but also keep the original shape and flavor of Pleurotus eryngii, that is, fast, convenient, safe and hygienic.