Introduction to the causes, symptoms and control methods of black stem disease of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia floral stem black stem disease mainly occurs in Gastrodia elata sexual reproduction tuber and flower stem, is an important disease of Gastrodia elata sexual reproduction flower stem, after etiological detection, the pathogen of Gastrodia elata flower stem black stem disease is Fusarium oxysporum fungus, let's take a look at the prevention and control methods of Gastrodia elata flower stem disease!

Symptoms of Gastrodia elata flower stem disease

The damage to the flower stem usually starts near the base of the ground, showing black brown or black irregular disease spot at first, and then the annular black stem expands upward, and in severe cases, the disease part is easy to be broken. Longitudinal section of the diseased stem showed dark brown necrosis in the pith, and the infected flower stem died as soon as it was unearthed.

Incidence conditions of Gastrodia elata flower stem disease

Fusarium oxysporum belongs to the soil resident bacteria, if the conditions are suitable, it may be infected at any time to cause the disease. At Guizhou Gastrodia GAP Base in Baiyi Township, Wudang District, Guiyang City, the disease occurred from April to May, and the disease occurred in June. The disease began shortly after being used as a covering soil for sexual reproduction tuber. high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the occurrence and development of the disease. The disease was also found in wild Gastrodia elata in Longli County, Guizhou Province. The disease usually occurs when using tubers infected with black rot for sexual reproduction, and the disease occurs seriously in continuous cropping areas for many years.

Control methods of Gastrodia elata flower stem disease

The main results are as follows: 1. The site with few diseases is selected as the cultivation ground for sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata, and the site should be disinfected and insecticidal before use.

2. The sound disease-free Gastrodia elata tubers were selected for sexual reproduction, and the tubers with black rot were not used for sexual reproduction.

3. Choose 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times 700 times liquid, or 70% mancozeb dry suspension powder 500 times liquid, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 60% Fangmaibao 2 water soluble powder 800 times 1000 times liquid and so on to spray or smear stems.

How much per mu of Gastrodia elata planting invests the profit of Gastrodia elata planting per mu

For the investors of a project, they must make an accurate tradeoff between the input and output of the product before investing in the product, and will invest only when they are sure that they can get a certain return. The same is true of the planting industry. What are the costs and profits of planting Gastrodia elata?

How much investment per mu of Gastrodia elata

70 yuan for planting 1 square meter of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, 33 kilograms of fresh wood sticks about 10 yuan (including 30 kilograms of thick sticks about 4 centimeters in diameter and 3 kilograms of twigs about 2 centimeters in diameter). Clean medium and fine river sand 0.25 cubic meters 10 yuan (can also be used sandy soil instead of river sand, if planted outdoors, this cost can be omitted), labor and other costs of about 10 yuan, a total investment of about 150 yuan.

Profit of planting Gastrodia elata per mu

The yield of Gastrodia elata per square meter is usually 10 kilograms. According to the purchase price of fresh Tianma 3040 yuan / kg, the lowest price is 30 yuan / kg, the output value is 300 yuan. If the fresh Gastrodia elata is made into dry products (the drying rate is 4: 4.5), the lowest market price is 160 yuan / kg, and the output value can reach more than 300 yuan. Minus 80 yuan in cost and 80 yuan in labor, the net income of 1 square meter is more than 150 yuan.

Then planting 1 mu (667 square meters) of Gastrodia elata, in addition to drains and pedestrian walkways, the actual planting area of 500square meters, the net income can be more than 75000 yuan.

Forecast of Gastrodia elata planting market

1. Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine and a Chinese specialty. Gastrodia elata stewed chicken complement deficiency, often eat Gastrodia porridge and stir-fry or cook or stew fresh Tianma like yam and potatoes, which can enhance human body antibodies and immune function, prevent vision disorders, ophthalmitis, dry skin, mucous membrane loss of secretory capacity, and can resist some digestive infections of the respiratory system, treat and reduce the harm of dizziness, dizziness, arthritis, rheumatism, waist disease and other diseases.

2. Gastrodia elata can also protect the youthful vitality of the human body, prolong life, prevent and cure premature senility, especially in the treatment of headache. In recent years, there are more and more manufacturers at home and abroad to develop Gastrodia elata food, Gastrodia elata drinks, Gastrodia elata health products, Gastrodia elata diets and Gastrodia elata pharmaceuticals, which need a lot of goods.

Conclusion: most countries in the world do not produce Gastrodia elata and only import it from China. As a result, it has brought huge business opportunities to the cultivation of Gastrodia elata, and it is expected that there will be no shortage of sales in the next 10 years, but the price will rise steadily.

Varieties of Gastrodia elata

1. Gastrodia elata

Black Gastrodia elata, also known as iron dried Gastrodia elata, the plant is tall, up to 150-200 cm, the stem is grayish brown, with white stripes. The flowers are yellowish green and florescence is from June to July. The fruit is prismatic and inverted wedge-shaped. Tubers are as large as 800 grams. The rhizome is oval to ovate-elliptic, the node is dense, the longest is more than 15 cm, the maximum weight of a single is 800 grams, and the water content is often less than 70%, sometimes only 60%. It is mainly produced in western Guizhou and Yunnan, and most of the Gastrodia elata cultivated in Yunnan are this form.

2. Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata mainly produces in the three Gorges area, with wide adaptability, high yield, strong fecundity and strong disease resistance, but its dry-wet ratio is large and its medicinal quality is worse than that of Gastrodia elata.

3. Gastrodia elata

The plant of Gastrodia elata is tall, generally 1 to 1.5 meters high, the rhizome is long oval or obconical, the node is denser, and there are many scalelike sheaths on the node, with a maximum weight of 600 grams and a water content of about 70%. The stem is light blue-green. The flowers are light turquoise to white. Florescence from June to July, from northeast to southwest provinces and regions.

4. Gastrodia elata

Jute Gastrodia elata, also known as Gastrodia elata, perennial herb, light yellow flower stem, born in hillside forest wetlands, gully edge, domestic distribution in Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Henan and other places.

5. Pine Gastrodia elata

Pine Gastrodia elata is a variant of Gastrodia elata which is often grown under Songdong forest in northwestern Yunnan. The plant is about 1 meter high, the rhizome is often fusiform or cylindrical, the water content is more than 90%, and the stem is yellow and white. The flowers are white or light yellow, the flowering period is from April to May, and they are not introduced and cultivated because of their low drying rate.

Although the cultivation of Gastrodia elata has been developed for many years, and the domestic market has basically developed and improved, because most countries in the world do not produce Gastrodia elata, and China is the main producing area of Gastrodia elata, so planting Gastrodia elata has a bright future in the development of foreign markets.

The planting technology of Gastrodia elata I planted Gastrodia elata for the first time. I need the detailed techniques of planting and management of Gastrodia elata. Please send it to my mailbox 0824. Thank you! Name: Xiang Guangliang unit: farmers contact telephone: 2009-01-30 expert answer to Guangliang Comrade: Hello, Gastrodia elata is the tuber of Gastrodia elata, a perennial parasitic herb of Orchidaceae. It has the effect of relieving wind and calming the liver, mainly for the treatment of liver wind vertigo, headache, limb numbness, infantile wind and so on. Modern research has the effects of reducing blood pressure, analgesia, anti-rheumatism, anti-convulsion and so on. The whole plant of Gastrodia elata has no roots and no green leaves, only aboveground flower stems and underground tubers. The tuber of Gastrodia elata is fleshy, oblong or oval, the skin is light yellow, there are uniform links, there are membranous scales at the nodes, and the mature stage is a mixed bud. Due to different developmental stages, underground tubers can be divided into arrow hemp, white hemp and rice hemp. Arrow hemp is a mature tuber with a terminal red mixed bud, which is generally 6mur12cm in length, 3mur7cm in diameter, 100ml 200g in weight, and the largest one is more than 500g. It can bolt and blossom after overwintering, and the stem (1Mel 1.5 m) is named after an arrow. White hemp is also a tuber with a length of 11 cm and a diameter of 3.5 cm, with an average weight of about 20 grams. The terminal bud is inconspicuous, no flowering spike primitive body, only a round growth cone. Rice hemp and white hemp are similar in shape, only different in size. Small white hemp with a length of less than 2 centimeters is called rice hemp. White hemp and rice hemp can be used as flax. 1. Cultivation techniques of Gastrodia elata (1) asexual cultivation techniques are cultivated with Gastrodia elata tubers, which is called asexual culture. With this method, the breeding cycle is short and the effect is quick. The main results are as follows: 1. The cultivation of Gastrodia elata at low altitude should mainly solve the problem that high temperature affects the growth of Gastrodia elata in summer. Therefore, we should use tree shade, shady ground behind the building and indoor cultivation of Gastrodia elata. Where there are conditions, it is best to use the basement. Gastrodia elata is cultivated in the basement without cooling in summer and anti-freezing in winter, which is the most ideal place to cultivate Gastrodia elata. 2. The quality of seed hemp is directly related to the survival rate and yield of Gastrodia elata. To choose complete ontogeny, no damage, no diseases and insect pests of white hemp (10Mui 20g), rice hemp as seed. 3. The cultivation time can obtain high yield in the dormant period of Gastrodia elata. Cold in winter, cultivated Gastrodia elata is easy to freeze, and the work of cold prevention is also very troublesome, so it is suitable to be cultivated after thawing in late March, which is called spring planting. Although Gastrodia elata does not sprout after planting, Armillaria mellea can grow. Only by establishing a relationship with Armillaria mellea before Gastrodia elata germinates can Gastrodia elata get sufficient nutrition. Therefore, it is appropriate to cultivate Gastrodia elata sooner rather than later. If Gastrodia elata is cultivated indoors or in sites with cold-proof conditions, it can also be harvested and planted at the end of October, which is called winter planting. 4. the depth of cultivation and the amount of seeds used should be no more than 10 cm after planting in indoor or shaded places with trees and moist soil; in places with higher temperature and less Rain Water, the soil cover can be increased appropriately, generally not more than 15 cm. Use about 500g of seed per square meter. 5. Cultivation method ① cellar planting. Generally, the cellar is 1.2m long, 0.7m wide and 35cm deep. Spread a layer of sand 5cm thick at the bottom of the cellar, then put the wood and fungus on the sand at an interval of 3 5cm, fill the gap with mixed sand (sand and sawdust by volume of 2 ∶ 1), showing a semi-buried state, and then plant flax on the basis of fungus, with a spacing of 10cm and 15cm, pay attention to the connection between head and tail. Just sprinkle millet and hemp around the fungus. After planting, cover the wood with a layer of thin sand, then plant the second layer according to the above method, and finally cover the sand with 10ml / 15cm. The bed is high above the ground and covered with a layer of leaves and other things to keep warm and moisturize. ② planting (ridge). General border width 0.7 meters, depth 35 cm, unlimited length, planting method with cellar planting. ③ bacteria bed cultivation. If it is a layer of fungus material, the covering soil can be removed without moving the fungus material, and the seed hemp is planted according to the above method; if it is two layers, the upper layer fungus material should be opened and the seed hemp should be planted in the lower layer; put the upper layer fungus material back, and then plant the seed hemp. ④ indoor cultivation. It can be cultivated with sand (a frame of 70cm × 120cm with bricks), and can also be cultivated in bamboo baskets and wooden cases. As long as the temperature, humidity and ventilation can be well controlled, high yield can also be obtained. (2) the cultivation technique of sexual culture using seed culture is called sexual culture. This is the most advanced cultivation technique at present, and a generation of seed hemp with strong growth potential and strong stress resistance can be obtained, so the yield of Gastrodia elata can be greatly increased. 1. The preparation work requires 20 fresh broad-leaved trees (oak is better) with a diameter of 5cm and a length of 40cm per square meter. Fish scales are cut every 5 cm on both sides of the tree and cultivated in wet sand. Dry tussah leaves or chestnut leaves 2 kg, soak in water before cultivation. 1 cubic meter of river sand, 1 sack of sawdust (can also use mountain forest humus soil), can be cultivated 5 square meters. River sand and sawdust (or humus soil) are well mixed according to volume 2 ∶ 1, with a water content of 50% (can be clustered by hand). 2. Cultivation time and operation methods from April to May. The seeds of Gastrodia elata obtained by artificial sexual exchange are as small as ash. When sowing, the germinating bacteria need to be cultured to make them germinate. after about two months of culture and germination, when the small protocorms can be seen with the naked eye, they can be transferred to Armillaria mellea to continue to culture, so that the cultivated flax seed is the original seed. After a period of cultivation, the germinating bacteria are transferred to the culture of Armillaria mellea. The operation method is as follows: from June to July, the ground is first covered with 5 cm thick sand (10 cm on the cement floor), then 2 cm thick leaves are spread on the back, and then one piece of wood is placed every 5 cm, and 4 branches are placed on one side of each section, and covered with mixed sand, and then planted in the second layer according to the above method. Finally, cover 10 cm of mixed sand. In addition, it can also be cultivated at intervals between fungus materials and segments of trees. (3) Field management 1. Winter planting Gastrodia elata in winter in the field, in order to prevent frost injury, more than 30 cm of sandy soil or leaves must be covered in November, and the mulch must be removed after the beginning of spring the following year. 2. After adjusting the temperature, in order to speed up the growth of Gastrodia elata, the plastic film should be covered in time to increase the temperature. After the temperature rises in the middle of May, the plastic film must be removed and covered with plastic film in late September to prolong the growth period of Gastrodia elata. When it is hot in summer, it is necessary to cover grass or build a shed for shade, and keep the ground temperature below 28 ℃. There is no need to pull grass and top dressing during the growth period of Gastrodia elata. 3. Drought prevention and drainage should be watered and loosened in time during spring drought, so that the water content of sandy soil is about 40%. From June to August in summer, Gastrodia elata grows vigorously and its water demand increases, which can make the water content of sandy soil reach 50% and 60%. In the peak period of Gastrodia elata expansion, potato water can be used (mashed potato is soaked and filtered with water) and sprayed every 5 days. Pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to prevent stagnant water from causing Gastrodia elata rot. After late September, the temperature decreased gradually and Gastrodia elata grew slowly. However, Armillaria mellea can still grow at 6 ℃, when the moisture is large, Armillaria mellea grows vigorously and can infect new flax. Under this environment, it is not conducive to the growth of Gastrodia elata, but only conducive to the growth of Armillaria mellea, which makes Armillaria mellea further penetrate into the inner layer of Gastrodia elata and cause the rot of Gastrodia elata. Therefore, special attention should be paid to flood prevention from September to October. 4. Disease and pest control Gastrodia elata, like other plants, will be harmed by diseases and insect pests in the process of growth and development. ① disease. It is mainly the harm of miscellaneous bacteria infection, which will make the tubers of Gastrodia elata rot when it is serious. The hyphae of miscellaneous bacteria are green, yellow, white and so on. But in general, it can not produce rhizomatous fungal cord, so it is easy to identify. When miscellaneous bacteria are found, they must be removed. Control methods: select the fungus material with exuberant Armillaria mellea cords but no miscellaneous bacteria; increase the amount of seed when cultivating the fungus material to cause the growth advantage of Armillaria mellea in order to restrain the miscellaneous bacteria; the sandy soil of cultivated Gastrodia elata should be clean and replaced once during harvest and replanting; the fungus material should be changed completely after 3 years of use; watering should be uniform and pay attention to the adjustment of temperature and humidity; the cultivation site should be treated with lime or other fungicides and pesticides before planting. ② pest. Mole cricket, 250 grams of insecticidal double water agent, 25 kilograms of fried wheat bran mixed with 7.5 liters of water, sprinkled on the surface in the evening; grubs, before planting, use carbofuran 1.5 kilograms 2.5 kilograms. When conditions permit, black light can be set up to trap and kill adults (beetles). Second, the harvest, storage and processing of Gastrodia elata (1) harvest. Gastrodia elata has high efficacy in the dormant period. Therefore, asexual culture should be harvested at the end of October of that year or late March of the following year (which can be harvested while planting), while sexual culture is generally harvested in the autumn of the following year. If the cold protection condition is good in winter, it can be harvested in spring. In this way, the intermediate links can be reduced, and the tubers of Gastrodia elata are separated from the vegetative culture stem naturally after dormancy, and the damage can be reduced during harvest. The tuber of Gastrodia elata will rot after it is bruised, so it should be taken gently and put gently when harvested. After harvest, arrow hemp is processed and used as medicine, and white hemp and rice hemp are used as seeds. Asexual culture generally produces 7.5% of fresh Gastrodia elata per square meter, 70% of arrow hemp, 30% of white hemp and rice hemp, 10 kg of sexual culture per square meter, 30% of arrow hemp, and 70% of white hemp and rice hemp. (2) Storage. Select high-quality seed hemp to dry for 2 days and put it in a wooden box or cellar, layer by layer, with a slight distance between the flax, not close to each other, each layer is separated by sand and placed on 4 and 5 layers. When the temperature is controlled at 1 ℃-5 ℃, the temperature can not change too much, so as not to affect the dormancy of the seed; the humidity is controlled at 25%, 30%, and the excessive humidity will cause the seed to rot. Temperature and humidity should be observed frequently during storage. (3) processing. First, according to the weight classification, more than 150 grams for grade 1, 75 for 150 grams for grade 2, less than 75 grams for grade 3. Then wash it with water, cook it, steam it in a pot when the quantity is small, and boil it with water when the quantity is large, so as to kill the lysozyme in Gastrodia elata. After boiling, pour Gastrodia elata into the water according to different grades and put a small amount of alum (200 grams for every 10 kg of Gastrodia elata). The first class boils for 15 minutes, the second class boils for 10 minutes, and the third class boils for 9 minutes. From the dark to the bright, there is no black heart, or break a Gastrodia elata check, white heart only accounts for the diameter of Gastrodia elata 1 big 5 can be out of the pot. Cooking too soft will affect the drying rate, but also affect the efficacy. After Gastrodia elata is boiled, go to the smoking room and fumigate with sulfur for 30 minutes. The method is as follows: 20% sulfur and 80% yellow mud, mix well with water, make an egg and put it on the charcoal fire. The smoked Gastrodia elata is white in color, good in quality and moth-proof. Then dry it or dry it in the sun. If there is gas bulging in Gastrodia elata, use a bamboo needle to deflate it. When it is dried to 70%, flatten it with hands or small board, and then dry it completely. Generally 5 kg of fresh Gastrodia elata can produce 1 kg of dry products. The above is for reference only.