Planting techniques and key points of cultivation and Management of traditional Chinese Medicine Plant Tianmendong

Tianmen winter, also known as three hundred sticks, Sidong, tiger tail root, asparagus and so on, is a perennial herb of the Liliaceae, which grows in shady wetlands on the edge of mountain forests, hilly bushes or hillside grass. distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Guizhou and other places, let's take a look at the planting techniques of Tianmeng!

The growth habit of Tianmeng

Tianmen winter is distributed in the south of Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces to the provinces and regions of East China, South Central and Southwest China. Like warmth, can not bear the cold, avoid high temperature is often distributed in the mountains below 1000 meters above sea level. The areas with cool summer, warm winter and annual average temperature of 18-20 ℃ are suitable for growth. Like shade and fear strong light, the seedlings grow poorly under the condition of strong light, and the leaves turn yellow or even wither.

The breeding method of Tianmeng

1. Sowing and reproduction: the sowing period of Tianmen winter is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, autumn sowing is from early September to early October, autumn sowing has high germination rate, long occupation time and labor-consuming management. Spring sowing in late March, occupies a short time, convenient management. In the border, the horizontal trench was opened according to the furrow distance of 20 cm to 24 cm, the ditch depth was 5 cm to 7 cm, the sowing width was 6 cm, and the seed spacing was 2 cm to 3 cm. Use 1012kg of seeds per mu. The temperature was 17: 20 ℃, and there was enough humidity, and seedlings emerged 18-20 days after sowing.

2. Ramet propagation: the strong mother plant with large root head and strong bud head was selected when digging in Tianmen winter, and each plant was divided into at least 3 clusters, each cluster had 2-5 buds, with more than 3 small roots. The incision should be small, and coated with lime to prevent infection, can be planted after 1 day, the method of transplanting after raising seedlings.

Planting techniques of Tianmeng

1. Land selection and soil preparation: the roots of Tianmen winter block are well developed, and the human soil is up to 50 cm deep. It is suitable to grow in deep, loose, fertile, moist and well drained sandy loam soil (black sand soil) or humus-rich soil, raise seedlings in valley flatlands or shade places with short sunshine time, plough and rake the soil deeply before sowing, level and break it into pieces, and sow seeds in a high border with a width of 100 cm.

2. Seed selection and seed collection: Tianmen winter is harvested from September to October every year when the fruit changes from green to red. Ferment and ferment indoors until slightly rotten, rub the pulp into water, choose seeds with full seeds to pick and sow, or leave them for spring sowing the following year. The seeds reserved for spring sowing are stored in moist fine sand, do not dry them, otherwise the germination rate will be reduced.

3. Watering to protect seedlings: keep the soil moist within 1 month after Tianmen winter planting, and often drench with water in case of drought to promote germination and seedling growth. Cut bamboo pole or wood pole in time after emergence, let the seedlings climb and grow upward, avoid entanglement and kink, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and field management.

4. Intermediate ploughing and weeding: Tianmen winter generally carries out the first intermediate ploughing from April to May, and then according to the growth of weeds and the degree of soil consolidation, it is required to achieve loose soil and completely eradicate weeds. The middle tillage should be shallow, so as not to hurt the root and affect the growth of root tuber.

5. Topdressing at the right time: Tianmendong is a kind of fertilizer-tolerant plant, which needs to apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing for many times. The first topdressing was carried out about 40 days after planting, when the seedlings grew to more than 40 centimeters, generally applying 1000 kg of human and animal manure per mu, and then topdressing 3 times for each batch of new seedlings, that is, the first time for the first bud tip, the second time when the seedlings were unearthed but not the leaves, and the third time after the leaves grew. When fertilizing, do not let the fertilizer come into contact with the root, should be in the border or line open hole ditch application, cover the soil after application.

6. Adjust the light: thinning branches should be carried out after planting in Tianmen winter forest from autumn to early winter, so that the internal light transmission can reach more than 50%. The light is strong in summer, less light is needed in Tianmen winter, and the shade should be increased appropriately. When planting in open land, branches should be inserted to cover the shade. It should be sparse in spring and autumn, 50% to 60% in the ground, dense in summer, and 30% to 40% in the ground.

7. Timely harvest: it takes 3 years for Tianmen winter-like planting to be harvested. Before sprouting from October to March of the following year, choose a sunny day, first pull out the insertion rod, cut off the stem vine, then dig up the soil around the root, carefully take out the tuber root and shake off the soil. Pick the big one for medicinal use, and the small one for planting.

8. Processing and storage: take off the root, cut off the fibrous root, wash away the sediment with clean water, boil it in a boiling water pot for 10 to 15 minutes, remove the skin and peel it out. When peeling, use hands and knives to peel off the skin at a time. Rinse the outer layer of glue with clean water, slightly dry the surface water, put it in the sulfur cabinet (stove) for 12 hours to make its color bright, then take it out to dry or dry. It is best to smoke sulfonate in the sun at night, and the sun shines strongly at noon. It is appropriate to cover it with a bamboo curtain to prevent discoloration. Sun-dried Tianmen winter should be packed into bamboo baskets and placed in a ventilated, cool and dry place.

What is an iris? What are the planting methods and points for attention of Iris?

What is an iris? Iris, also known as blue butterfly, purple butterfly, flat bamboo flower, etc., belongs to asparagus, Iridaceae perennial herbs, rhizome stout, flowers blue-purple, diameter about 10cm; capsule long oval or Obovate. Originated in central China and Japan, for viewing, the flower aroma is light and elegant, can prepare perfume, its rhizome can be used as traditional Chinese medicine, can be collected throughout the year, with anti-inflammatory effect. So how to raise irises? Let's get to know the editor.

Morphological characteristics

The base of the plant is surrounded by membranous leaf sheaths and fibers of the old leaves. Rhizome stout, dichotomously branched, about 1cm in diameter, obliquely extended; fibrous roots are thin and short. Leaves basal, yellowish green, slightly curved, middle slightly wider, broadly sword-shaped, long 15~50cm, wide 1.5~3.5cm, apex acuminate or shortly acuminate, base sheathlike, with several inconspicuous longitudinal veins. The flower stem is smooth, high 20~40cm, often with 1-2 short lateral branches at the top, 1-2 cauline leaves in the middle and lower parts; bracts 2-3, green, herbaceous, margin membranous, light-colored, lanceolate or long-ovoid, long 5~7.5cm, wide 2~2.5cm, tip acuminate or long acuminate, containing 1-2 flowers.

Flowers blue-purple, about 10cm in diameter; pedicel very short; perianth tube slender, about 3cm long, upper end inflated into trumpet-shaped, outer perianth lobes round or broadly ovate, long 5~6cm, about 4cm wide, apical retuse, claw narrowly cuneate, irregular cristate appendages on midvein, irregular paw-shaped lobes, inner perianth lobes elliptic, long 4.5~5cm, about 3cm wide, flowers spreading outward when flowers are in full bloom, claws suddenly thinning Stamens ca. 2.5cm, anthers bright yellow, filaments slender, white; style branches flattened, light blue, ca. 3.5cm, apical lobe subtetragonal, sparsely dentate, ovary fusiform Terete, long 1.8~2cm.

Capsule long elliptic or Obovate, long 4.5~6cm, 2~2.5cm in diameter, with 6 distinct ribs, 3-valved from top to bottom at maturity; seeds dark brown, Pyriform, without appendages. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruiting period is from June to August.

classification

Iris can be divided into perennial root Iris and bulbous Iris. Perennial irises grow as perennials in many flower beds, of which German iris, Siberian iris and yellow iris are the most common. German irises bloom in a variety of colors: White, blue, purple, fuchsia, yellow and complex colors; Siberian irises are almost all blue, blue-purple, few are white and yellow, and yellow irises are all yellow.

Iris bulb contains a very small number of groups. However, in commercial flower production, these groups are extremely important. Among them, the reticulate iris group is composed of some cultivated varieties with early flowering and short flowering period. For example, the blue-purple iris and the yellow Denver iris are two of them. The Spanish group includes all Dutch irises, Spanish irises and English irises. However, Dutch iris is the most important in the production of these flowers.

Dutch iris includes a large number of cultivated varieties, and "BlueMagic" and "Prof.Blaauw" are widely cultivated. The method of classifying irises by color is simple and practical. Can be divided into purple, blue, white, yellow and white, yellow and other mixed colors, and polychromatic class.

Cultivation techniques of Iris

Flowering in spring, the flowering period is about three months, from April to June, ramet and sowing methods are mostly used. Ramet can be carried out after flowering in spring or autumn, and it is generally planted once after 2-4 years.

When dividing the rhizome, note that each piece should have 2-3 adventitious buds. Seeds should be sowed immediately after maturity, and it takes 2-3 years for seedlings to blossom. Planting distance 45~60cm and planting depth 7~8cm are suitable. It can also be promoted by cultivation.

Soil requirement

Irises can be grown not only in glass greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, but also in open fields. Outdoor planting with temporary mulch, or the use of mobile housing, especially in spring and autumn is feasible.

The production of cut iris can be carried out in virtually any type of soil, as long as it has good drainage, strong moisture retention, and does not harden (otherwise it will limit plant growth). A good soil structure is a basic condition, which is necessary for growing irises with short growing periods in large quantities.

In heavy loam soil, it is suggested that peat, vermiculite or coarse sand should be added and mixed with the soil about the depth of 25cm to improve the soil. Easy-hardening soil, after planting, can be covered with a layer of rice husks, straw, pine needles, black peat or similar materials to prevent soil hardening. This method can also be used to prevent the soil from drying quickly.

Temperature control

After planting, soil temperature is the most important factor, the lowest temperature is 5: 8 ℃ and the highest temperature is 20 ℃. The soil temperature directly affects the emergence rate. Too low soil temperature will reduce the flowering ability, so the optimum soil temperature is controlled between 16 and 18 ℃.

Iris is produced in greenhouse, and the optimum temperature is 15 ℃. In order to shorten the growing period, newly harvested bulbs can be used when planting, and the greenhouse temperature is kept at 18 ℃ in the first 4-3 weeks. This temperature can be maintained until January 1, but it will make the plant weak. 13 ℃ or lower temperature lengthens the growing period and increases plant weight, but the probability of flower wilting increases.

In autumn, when the plant grows, especially in the temperate zone, when the light is insufficient, the greenhouse temperature must be lowered to prevent the flowers from withering. It is generally controlled at 10-13 ℃ to ensure plant growth as much as possible. if there are too many leaves at all stages, then consider pruning some leaves.

The average temperature of day and night is 20: 23 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 5 ℃. In the greenhouse with high temperature and weak light, the lack of light is the main cause of flower withering.

In areas where frost damage often occurs, production can only be carried out in greenhouses. The suitable growth temperature should be arranged at night. Therefore, the greenhouse that is not heated should be closed early to make the night temperature as suitable as possible. During the day, ventilation should be advanced to avoid harm caused by the temperature rising above 18 ℃. Shading can also achieve the purpose of temperature control, but the appropriate level of light still needs to be maintained.

The optimum temperature for open field growth is 15-17 ℃, and the continuous high temperature during the day can be covered by a shade net. It can not only reduce direct solar radiation, but also increase the temperature.

Planting density

The planting density varies according to different varieties, bulb size, planting period and planting location. In order to make the planting spacing appropriate, a planting net with 64 grids per square meter is usually used.

Key points of fertilization

Generally speaking, it is not advisable to apply base fertilizer before planting, which will increase the concentration of salt in the soil and delay the root growth of Iris. A sampling of the soil before planting to ensure that the soil contains the correct nutrients. Sampling must be carried out after soil treatment and leaching. In this way, the missing nutrients can be obtained by adding fertilizer directly to the soil in the future. Iris is sensitive to fluorine, so fluorine-containing fertilizers (phosphate fertilizers) and triphosphate fertilizers are prohibited. On the contrary, such as diphosphate fertilizer should be used.

That's all I know about Iris today. I hope it will be helpful for flower friends to read this article. If you want to know more about Iris, please continue to follow the succulent flower bed, we will provide you with more related knowledge!

Picture appreciation and introduction of common foliage plants

Rubber tree [alias] big leaf green, red Burmese tree, red mouth rubber tree, Indian banyan [family genus] Moraceae banyan genus [origin] China [morphological characteristics] evergreen trees. The height of the plant is 2m / m. Stem glabrous, with milk. The leaves are thick, leathery and long-stalked, and the leaves are oblong or oval [cultivation substrate]. It is advisable to choose sandy loam soil rich in humus [watering] to keep the soil in a dry or slightly tidal state. Summer is the stage when rubber trees need the most water, and can be watered more. Winter is the period when rubber trees need the least water, less water supply [fertilization] diammonium phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be used as topdressing [light] rubber trees like strong direct sunlight, but also resistant to shady environment. However, in the process of cultivation, it should be exposed to not less than 4 hours of direct sunlight every day. If there are conditions, it is best to ensure that the plant can accept all-day sunlight [ventilation] and keep the environment properly ventilated so that the rubber tree likes the high temperature environment, so it grows most rapidly in summer and autumn. The ambient temperature should be kept between 20 and 30 degrees. When the ambient temperature is lower than 10 degrees, the growth of the rubber tree is basically stagnant. The overwintering temperature should not be lower than 5 degrees [disease control] Rubber trees are prone to anthracnose, and its pathogen is Microsporum. The disease mainly occurs in the summer high temperature season, and the main affected part is the leaf. Its symptom is that there are round or oval gray spots on both sides of the leaf vein, and in severe cases, the disease spot is connected and extends to the whole leaf. The prevention and control methods are to avoid plant mechanical damage and reduce the chance of pathogen infecting plants; timely removal of diseased leaves to prevent spread; reasonable pruning to keep the tree naturally happy and transparent and ventilated.

Ampelopsis grossedentata is also known as Phyllostachys pubescens, mountain grass, Liliaceae, Tianmen winter genus. Origin and habits: asparagus originated from South Africa. Sexual preference is warm, moist and semi-overcast, not resistant to drought and frost. The soil is required to be rich in humus and well drained. Morphological characteristics: asparagus is a perennial herb, the stem is smooth and slender, showing a climbing shape. Leaves slender, horizontally spreading, leaves small, ca. 3 × 5 mm. True leaves degenerate into scales or thorns. Flowers small, bisexual, white. Berries globose, purplish black. The florescence is mostly from February to March or June to July, and some flowers bloom twice. Propagation techniques: asparagus is propagated by sowing and dividing plants. The sowing was carried out from March to April and the seeds were soaked for 24 hours before sowing. Sow in a 10 cm deep basin, cover with glass or plastic film, keep the temperature at 20: 25 ℃ and the basin soil moist, and germinate in 20: 30 days. The seedling height is 5cm to 10cm, which can be planted in greenhouse or upper basin. The 4-year-old 5-year-old plant can be propagated in spring. Management technology: asparagus is a negative plant, should not be placed in a place with too strong light, otherwise it is easy to cause withered and yellow branches and leaves. Watering should be appropriate, keep the basin soil wet and dry, generally watering to make the topsoil moist, dry season should be more to spray water to the leaf. Asparagus likes fertilizer, which is mixed with water and fully mature dilute liquid fertilizer or milk residue dominated by nitrogen and potassium every 10-15 days. Asparagus grows fast and should be thinned too weak, too dense and old branches and withered stems at any time, which is conducive to ventilation and maintain a low posture. Asparagus can also be planted with bamboo tube, its water permeability, water storage are good, there is no need to drill holes at the bottom of the basin. Ornamental value: asparagus is mainly potted foliage, fresh and elegant, and the layout of the study shows more scrolls. The roots, stems and leaves of asparagus can be used as medicine and can be picked all year round. Asparagus branches and leaves are slender, tall and straight beautiful, dense green, chic posture, is a good foil material for cut flowers, bouquets and baskets.

Abelmoschus: evergreen shrubs of the genus Palmae. Origin and habits: originated in Madagascar, Africa, many potted plants all over China. Loose-tailed sunflower prefers a warm and humid environment, and light is more resistant to shade. The height grows slowly, the crown width develops fast, and the natural pruning is good. Require slightly acidic sandy loam with good air permeability, avoid alkaline soil. Morphological characteristics: plant height is 3 to 4 meters. Stems branched from the ground, ringed; leaves extended arched, up to 2 meters long, petiole smooth, yellow, pinnae lanceolate, 60 cm long, apex soft, abaxial main veins 3, raised; flowers small, string, golden yellow, florescence from March to April. Propagation technology: sunflower can reproduce by sowing and ramet. In general, pots are propagated by ramets. Ramets can be propagated all the year round, but autumn is the best. From the strong growth of the mother plant to the well-developed branches, cut off from the root and the mother plant, moved into a new basin and re-planted. The newly planted plants should not be exposed to strong light for a long time because the root system is not yet well developed. Water properly and spray water to the leaves several times a day to keep the leaves moist. The temperature is kept at about 20-25 ℃ and can grow normally in about 20 days. Management techniques: indoor potted sunflower should choose acidic soil, and sandy loam with high humus content should be selected in the north. Watering should follow the principle of "dry and wet" according to the season, more watering should be appropriate in the dry and hot season, and watering should be controlled in low temperature, overcast and rain. In the northern region, especially where there is more salt and alkali in the water, attention should be paid to the frequent use of black alum to regulate soil acidity. Liquid fertilizer can be applied all the year round, nitrogen-containing organic fertilizer can be applied properly in summer, and organic flower fertilizer such as sesame sauce residue can be applied in winter. Rotate the flowerpot regularly, often trim the lower and inner withered leaves, and pay attention to trimming the crown shape. The indoor temperature must be kept above 10 ℃ in winter. If it is below 5 degrees for a long time, it will suffer frost injury. Ornamental value: the sunflower plant is tall, the leaves are green, the posture is free and easy, the four seasons are evergreen, and the potted plants are arranged in the hall, especially majestic, reflecting the tropical scenery. This species is a good material for park and courtyard greening in South China, and in Hong Kong, Macao and other places, because its leaves grow radially in all directions, it is regarded as a symbol of "rising in all directions". Very popular.

Aloha (dripping Guanyin) dripping Guanyin for the trade name, when the soil moisture content is large, it will drop water from the leaf tip or leaf edge, so many places called dripping Guanyin. The plant belongs to Alocasia macrorhizos of Araceae. It is a perennial evergreen herb, originating in subtropical zone, likes warm, humid and semi-shady environment, and is not cold-resistant. It is potted in the north of Yangtze River Basin in China and moved indoors before winter. Colocasia esculenta has low requirements for soil, but it grows best in sandy loam or humus loam with good drainage and organic matter. Generally, the mixed soil of 2∶2∶1 decayed leaf soil, peat soil and coarse sand is used in basin soil. Keep the soil moist in the growing season and apply N, P and K thin liquid fertilizer mainly N once or twice a month. In summer, it is placed in a semi-shady and ventilated place, and water is often sprayed around and on the leaves to increase air humidity, reduce leaf temperature and keep the leaves clean. Stop fertilizing in winter and control watering times. Colocasia esculenta grows very fast, so in its growth process, fertilizer and water must be appropriate to avoid causing empty bald at the lower end of the stem, affecting the ornamental value.

Malabar chestnut (fortune tree)[alias] fortune tree Central American kapok chestnut tree American peanut [family] kapok family melon chestnut [origin] Central America Mexico to Costa Rica [soil] to good drainage rich in humus sandy loam for the best [light] fortune tree light requirements are not strict, whether in strong light or weak light indoor can be better adapted. But full sunshine can make leaf nodes short, plant shape compact and plump. Insufficient light, slow growth of cultured trees. Do not suddenly transfer the plant from the shade to the strong light, otherwise it will cause the leaves to burn and scorch, affecting the beauty [temperature]. Winter should enter the winter, the best room temperature is not lower than 5 degrees [watering] rich trees should be kept wet at ordinary times, remember not to be too wet, so as to avoid rotten roots. In summer, the rich trees placed indoors are watered once every 3-5 days. In spring and autumn, they are watered once every 5-8 days. In winter, they should be watered sparingly to keep the pot soil slightly moist. Multi-element compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content can also be applied to promote stem base hypertrophy and improve ornamental value. Summer high temperature and high humidity season, the growth of the tree is very favorable, so at this stage should strengthen fertilizer management [economic value] rich tree beautiful shape, bright green leaves, tree shape was spindle, can be prepared a variety of shapes, but also can make a unique style of a variety of posture bonsai. Because its seed contains oil, it has been widely promoted as a woody oil plant in tropical areas.

[Origin] Mexico and Guatemala [Growth Habits] Sexual preference for high temperature, high humidity and semi-shady environment, not resistant to strong light, cold resistance is not strong [Soil] requires good drainage, fertile, moist soil. Every 2 years in spring to change the pot once, because the root is very thin, should avoid too much damage to the root, and affect its recovery growth [temperature and environment] growth temperature is 20-30 degrees, 13 degrees into dormancy, winter temperature is 10 degrees. Fear of direct sunlight, drought intolerance. Under the scorching sun, its leaf color will become pale or yellow, and when it is serious, it will cause sunburn, produce scorched leaves and black spots, and lose its ornamental value.[Fertilization and watering] This species is the growth period from March to September. It is necessary to water it in time to keep the pot soil moist, but the watering should adopt the principle of drying rather than wetting. In summer and autumn, when the air is dry and the temperature is high, it is necessary to spray the leaves with water frequently to increase the air humidity. Water less during dormancy to keep the pot slightly dry. Fertilize 1-2 times a month in the growing season, stop fertilizing at the end of September [Economic value] This species is small and exquisite in shape, elegant in shape, green and shiny in leaf color, strong in shade resistance, rich in tropical flavor

King coconut [family] wax wood palm subfamily stream palm [origin] eastern Madagascar [growth habits] born in swamps and river eyes along the rain and sunshine areas Sexual preference sufficient light, sufficient water environment, but also more cold-resistant, shade-resistant [soil] on the soil requirements are not strict, but loose, fertile and well-drained soil is more conducive to its growth [temperature] in the sun and sufficient water to grow rapidly, growth temperature is 22-30 degrees. Potted, in cold areas can enter the winter [fertilization] like magnesium fertilizer, topdressing once a month, can make the leaf color green, lack magnesium when the leaf color yellow [economic value] this species trunk thick, plant shape elegant light, green beautiful, its feathery compound leaves like feathers. At the same time, because of its large adaptive area and good growth, it is an increasingly popular landscape tree species. Potted plants are used for indoor decoration and have a tropical atmosphere.

[name] Araliaceae [origin] South Pacific New Hebrides [growth habits] high temperature, high humidity [soil] cultivation soil to good drainage loam or sandy loam for the best [temperature and environment] growth temperature of about 20-28 degrees. The temperature is generally not lower than 12 degrees, nor higher than 30 degrees. If the winter temperature is too low, the leaves will fall and lose their ornamental value. Keep warm when the temperature drops to 5 degrees. Avoid strong direct sunlight all day in summer. It should be stored indoors in a bright place, and it should not be exposed to direct sunlight. When placed in the shade, the yellow-white patches of variegated varieties gradually disappear. After being exposed to strong light, the leaves easily turn yellow and fall off. When the balcony is planted. Shade in spring and summer, light in autumn and winter [watering and fertilization] pot soil should be dry and wet in spring and autumn; wet in summer and dry in winter. The selectivity of water quality is not strong. The growth period is mainly from April to October, and the fertilizer is applied once every half month.[Economic Value] The leaves of Schefflera chinensis are oily green, palmate compound leaves, and leather is bright. The variegated leaf variety is yellow and green. It is an ideal indoor ornamental plant. Goosefoot firewood resistant to pruning, germination force, plant posture elegant, especially for the beautification of the room can be comparable to high-grade flowers. The flowers of gooseberry are nectar source in winter, and the root bark and leaves can be used for medicine.

A semi-positive tree species that grows poorly in strong sunlight, prefers warm, high humidity and well-ventilated environments, and has strong cold tolerance. It is one of the more cold-resistant palm plants. It has strong growth potential, developed roots, and lax requirements for soil conditions. When potted, Garden soil and humus soil can be mixed equally as substrate. Generally change pots once every 1-2 years, remove part of the old soil when changing pots, cut off part of the old roots, replant with new soil, and fill in a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer [temperature] The suitable temperature for growth is 18-30 degrees, the winter temperature is 3 degrees, it can endure short time-1--2 degrees low temperature, long-term lower than this temperature will be frozen damage [light] is a light-loving plant, the growth period should be sufficient sunlight, it has strong adaptability to light, It is also suitable for cultivation in bright indoor light.[Watering] The root is semi-fleshy, which has strong drought resistance. During the growth period of March to October, it can be watered once a day. In other seasons, it is necessary to master the moderate humidity and avoid the accumulation of water in the basin, so as not to cause rotten roots. Dormancy only need to keep the pot soil moist, dry climate conditions to spray water to ensure that the leaves are green and shiny [fertilization] growth period generally apply liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer 1-2 times a month to promote vigorous growth of plants [economic value] this species of plants clustered, very vigorous growth, graceful plant shape, luxuriant branches and leaves, tree fullness and rich sense of layers, leaf shape strange, leaf color green, for excellent indoor greening decorative plants. Often planted in medium and large pots, placed in the lobby, hall, conference room and other places, extraordinary style. Stem pith contains starch, can be made "sago" edible. Inflorescence sap can be used for sugar and wine

Green dill green dill also known as shiganzi. Araceae, large evergreen climbing vine. native to Solomon Islands, often tropical climbers on rocks and tree trunks in fish groves and grows into large vines. Green leaves with yellow patches. Green radish is one of the excellent indoor decorative plants. Radish stem fine soft, leaves delicate show, like green color embossed. Bright green decoration, full of vitality, add flavor to the room. It bears shade strong, it is the fine material that beautifies a room, decorate in indoor, can make indoor vitality exuberant. Temperature: likes warm environment; winter minimum temperature 10-13℃; mottled leaf green radish 16℃. Light: Likes semi-shady environment; can grow well in brighter rooms; excellent flower varieties are easy to die in weak light conditions. Moisture: spring, summer and autumn 3 seasons pot soil should have sufficient moisture, pot soil surface 1-2 cm dry when watering; winter temperature low should reduce watering. Air humidity: likes high temperature and high humidity; should often spray water to plants. Change pots: Change pots in spring as needed. Propagation: spring and summer with cuttings easy to root; for totem poles must be used with large leaves of the top cuttings, so forming faster.

Brazil wood scientific name incense dragon blood tree, alias brazil iron tree, brazil millennium wood, phnom penh incense dragon blood tree, lily family, dragon blood tree plants. Origin and habits: Brazil wood origin tropical areas. It likes the environment with sufficient light, high temperature and high humidity, and is also resistant to shade and dryness. It also grows well in bright scattered light and dry environment in northern rooms. Configuration characteristic: Brazil wood belongs to evergreen arbor, plant shape is neat, bine is tall and straight. Leaves clustered on top of stems, 40 - 90 cm long, 6 - 10 cm wide, slightly obtuse, curved into an arch, with bright yellow or milky white stripes; leaf margins bright green, and wavy, shiny. Flowers are small. Yellow-green, aromatic. Propagation technology: Brazil wood propagation using cuttage method. Cut the cuttings from the technical trunk with poor plant shape into 5~10 cm sections, and cut them in a vertical or horizontal way on a cutting bed with coarse sand or vermiculite as the medium. Water can also be used to promote its roots. The specific method is to cut off the stem section, inserted into the water, the section should be smooth, the upper end to prevent water evaporation can be coated with wax, which is particularly important in the dry season, the lower end immersed in water 2~3 cm, the temperature above 25℃, water and containers to keep clean. Rooting speed of tip with leaves is faster, 3~4 weeks can take root on pot; rooting speed of stem segment is slower, sometimes it takes 2~3 months to grow new roots and buds. Management technology: As long as the temperature and other conditions are suitable, Brazilian wood can grow all year round. Summer high temperature, need appropriate shade, winter room temperature can not be lower than 5℃. But it is best to make it dormant in winter, dormant temperature is 13℃, temperature is too low, leaf tips and leaf margins will appear chloasma. Indoor put into brazil wood should be in sufficient light place. If the light is too weak, the stripes on the leaves will turn green, and the base leaves will yellow, losing their ornamental value. During the cultivation period, the water quality should be kept clean, watering 1 to 2 times a week, and the water is not easy to be excessive to prevent the trunk from rotting. Summer high temperature, available spraying method to improve air humidity, and spray water on the leaves, keep moist. Brazil wood in the growth period should be appropriate for root topdressing, with 100 times diluted nutrition spray leaves, once every half month, Brazil wood cultivation for several years, the plant is too tall or stem leaves fall off, poor plant shape, should be pruned. Change pots or soil every early spring. Potted Brazil wood, if the environment is not suitable, there will be red spiders, thrips, scale insects and other hazards. In addition, excessive ventilation, drought, irregular watering and excessive fertilization can cause leaf tip charring. Ornamental value: Brazil wood is quite popular indoor large-scale potted flowers and trees, especially in the wider living room, study, living room display, elegant style, simple, and with southern sentiment. It is a new generation of indoor foliage plants with beautiful plant shape, regularity and world famous.

Peacock arrowroot, also known as flower arrowroot, is an ornamental leaf plant belonging to arrowroot family. The base has tubers, the plant height is 20-30 cm, the leaves are long elliptic, the leaves are green and white, the middle rib edge has more brown stripes, the leaves are evergreen all year round, and have a unique metallic luster; the brown patches are like peacocks with open screens, fresh, gorgeous and soft in color. It is a common indoor foliage plant. Many plants of this genus have high ornamental value and are important plants used to decorate indoor environments all over the world. Common varieties are: (1) mottled leaf arrowroot. Also known as Kudzuvine, long elliptical leaves, large and thin, green leaves like velvet, leaf ribs on both sides of the zebra stripe-like pinnate spots, purple leaf back. (2) Red-backed Kudzu. The leaves are broad elliptic, green on the surface, inconspicuous in stripes, purplish red on the back. (3) Curcuma lobata L. Also known as arrow-leaf arrowroot, green leaves, ribs on both sides with pale yellow feather-like stripes, dark purple leaves back, pale yellow flowers. (4) White spot arrowroot. Plant height 50-60 cm, stems weak, leaves large and thin, leaves ovate lanceolate, green leaves between irregular white patches. (5) Double line arrowroot. Also known as red feather arrowroot, long elliptical leaves, light green surface, ribs on both sides with white or pink parallel double stripes, very beautiful. Peacock arrowroot originated in America, likes semi-shade and high temperature and humidity environment, not cold tolerance, growth temperature is 20-30℃, more than 35℃ or lower than 7℃, are bad for growth. Overwintering temperature should not be low, otherwise the leaves are easy to curl. The soil should be loose, rich in humus and well drained. The propagation of arrowroot plants is mainly carried out by dividing plants, mostly in April and May in spring combined with pot turning. Plant division should not be too early, otherwise the temperature is low easy to hurt the roots, affecting survival and growth. When dividing plants, it can be separated into 2-3 clusters for one plant. Too little will affect the growth. After planting, pour water once and put it in semi-shade for maintenance. Control watering before new roots sprout and don't make the soil too wet. Potted soil can be used 3 parts of moldy soil, peat or sawdust 1 part, sand 1 part mixed preparation, and add a small amount of bean cake as base fertilizer. The bottom of the basin is first lined with 3 cm thick coarse sand as a drainage layer to facilitate drainage. 5-9 Shading or semi-shade for monthly growth, maintaining 40%-60% light transmittance, avoiding direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves are easy to be burned or the edges are scorched and curled. If it is placed indoors for a long time, the temperature is low and the light is insufficient, it will also grow weak and lose the unique luster on the leaves. In winter, direct sunlight can be received through the glass. The arrowroot has higher requirements for humidity. The flowerpot can be placed on the inverted flowerpot at ordinary times, and water is often sprayed on the leaves and the surrounding environment to keep the surrounding and ground moist, so as to increase the humidity of the environment. Pot soil is not dry to water, otherwise the leaves are easy to dry and curl coke edge. During peak season, apply light cake fertilizer or long-acting chemical fertilizer once a week, and do not use too much nitrogen fertilizer. Summer high temperature, can be applied once a month thin fertilizer, temperature below 15℃ stop fertilization. Maintenance period to maintain good ventilation conditions, otherwise easy to occur scale insects, affecting the growth of stems and leaves, reduce the ornamental value. Peacock arrowroot is a perennial evergreen herb. The leaves have dark green and white or pale yellow feathery stripes, and have a unique metallic luster, like peacock tail feathers, hence the name. Peacock arrowroot plant small shape beauty, fresh and gorgeous leaf color, so become the best of the foliage plants. Potted appropriate selection of rotten leaf soil, garden soil and a small amount of river sand mixed culture soil. During the growth period, apply thin liquid fertilizer once every 3 to 4 weeks. When applying fertilizer, pay attention to not applying too much nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:1, which can make the leaves shiny and gorgeous. Soilless culture can also be used, and nutrient solution can be poured 1 to 2 times a month during the growth period. Water to keep the pot soil moist. Peacock arrowroot likes humid air, so pay attention to the use of water spray, watering and other methods to improve air humidity, especially in summer, pay more attention to humidification and cooling, in order to facilitate growth. Family cultivation, can be placed in bright indoor light, avoid direct light, otherwise easy to cause leaf edge dry coke. If it is cultivated in a dark place for a long time, the leaves will lose their unique luster. Winter placed in sufficient light, at the same time pay attention to cold, room temperature should be kept above 13℃, stop fertilization, control watering. The indoor air is dry in winter in the north. In addition to spraying leaves with cold boiled water every 3 to 5 days, it is best to put on a plastic film cover at night to keep warm and moisturize. Those who have conditions can use humidifier to improve indoor humidity. In order to maintain its gorgeous leaf color, but also often gently scrub the leaves with water. Breeding peacock arrowroot multi-plant division method. It is better to plant 3~5 plants in a pot. Picture:

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White crane taro (Spathiphyllum kochii) is also known as white palm, bract taro, different stalk white taro, silver bract taro. Araceae, Amorphophallus (Amorphophallus) genus. Native to tropical America. Morphological characteristics: perennial evergreen herbs. The height of the plant is 30cm to 40cm. Leaves basal, leathery, long elliptic or broadly lanceolate, long pointed, leaves dark green. The leaf is 20cm long and 10cm wide, the petiole is about 30cm long, and the vein is obvious. Because the spoon-shaped bud is as white as snow lotus, it is called white palm; because its white bracts sail like a white boat on the green water, it has the meaning of plain sailing in social communication, in order to encourage life to be enterprising and well-developed. The white crane taro is very similar to the white candle, also has white bracts, but the leaves and flowers are different from the spawn. The bud of the white crane taro turns not outward but inward, and the ovate bracts are not as bright and leathery as the white candle. The cultivated hybrids of the same genus are: perfume white palm: its flowers have a faint fragrance. Hulk white palm: also known as the Hulk, the plant is taller than the white crane taro, the leaf is larger than the white crane taro, the parallel distribution of pinnate lateral veins is more obvious, so it is more vigorous, is a trendy indoor potted plant. Habits: like warm, humid and semi-overcast environment, avoid direct sunlight, afraid of cold. Avoid sticking heavy soil, should be rich in humus sandy loam. Cultivation and management: White crane taro is more shade-tolerant, as long as it has about 60% scattered light to meet its growth needs, so it can be kept indoors with bright scattered light all the year round. Summer can cover 60% to 70% of the sun, avoid bright light, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow, and sunburn will occur in serious cases. Greenhouse cultivation in northern winter can not shade or less shade. If the light is too dark for a long time, it is not easy to blossom. White crane taro is a high-temperature-loving species, which should be cultivated in high-temperature greenhouse. The lowest temperature in winter should be 14-16 ℃ at night and about 25 ℃ in daytime. Long-term low temperature is easy to cause leaf shedding or scorched yellow. During the growth period, we should often keep the basin soil moist, but to avoid watering too much, the basin soil is moist for a long time, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots and plants withered and yellow. In summer and dry season, we should often use a fine-eye sprayer to spray water on the leaf surface, and sprinkle water on the ground around the plant to keep the air moist, which is very beneficial to its growth and development. If the climate is dry and the air humidity is low, the new leaves will become small and yellow, and when they are serious, they will wither and yellow and fall off. Watering should be controlled in winter, and the basin soil should be slightly wet. In the peak growing season, thin compound fertilizer or rotten cake fertilizer is applied every 1-2 weeks, which is not only conducive to plant growth, but also conducive to continuous flowering. The winter temperature in the north is low, so fertilization should be stopped. Potted soil can be evenly mixed with rotten leaf soil or peat soil plus 1 to 4 river sand or perlite, plus a small amount of bone powder or cake powder as base fertilizer. The basin soil requires good looseness, drainage and air permeability. Generally speaking, before a large number of new buds germinate in early spring, the basin should be changed once every year, part of the persistent soil should be removed, the root system should be trimmed, and the new culture soil should be added and planted in the larger basin to facilitate the root system development and growth. Reproduction: it can be propagated by ramet and sowing, or mass propagated by tissue culture. 1. Ramet propagation: because the white crane taro is easy to sprout, it is often propagated by this method. The plants with strong growth can be divided into plants once every 2 years. Before the emergence of new buds in early spring, the whole plant is poured out of the basin, the persistent soil is removed, and the rhizome is cut at the base of the plant. Each clump had better have more than 3 stems and buds, and should bring as many root groups as possible to facilitate the rapid emergence of new leaves and plump plant shape. 2. Sowing and reproduction: it is not difficult to reproduce in this way. Seeds can be obtained by artificial pollination in a greenhouse. After the seeds are mature, the sowing temperature should be about 25 ℃ when the seeds are harvested and sown, and the seeds are easy to rot at low temperature. Diseases and insect pests: fat, freezing injury, leaves easy to yellow tip. The soil should be changed immediately at this time.

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Mary Andai pink leaves, also known as flowers and leaves evergreen, silver spot evergreen, native to tropical America, plant height 30-90 cm, flowers erect, internodes short, leaves long oval, slightly wavy margin, leaf surface covered with a variety of milky white or milky yellow markings or spots, sexual shade tolerance, green tingling. The main cultivated varieties are Marianne, KIKI, Golden Sun, Baiyu, Duozi zebra, Golden Baoyu, Paradise evergreen and so on. The optimum temperature for the growth of Daifen leaves is 25: 30 ℃, 30 ℃ in the daytime and 25 ℃ at night. The growth range is 18: 30 ℃ from February to September and 13: 18 ℃ from September to February of the following year. The temperature in winter is not lower than 10 ℃, otherwise the leaves are vulnerable to freezing damage. Dai Fan Ye likes the ambient humidity of 80%. If the soil is to dry to the surface, 2cm will have to be watered. During the growing period, it should be fully watered and sprayed to the leaf surface. If you do not spray water for a long time, the leaf surface will be rough and lose its luster. The soil moisture is the most suitable for dry and wet order, which should be watered more in summer and controlled in winter. Daifen leaves are shady and afraid of the sun. When the light is too strong, the leaf surface becomes rough. leaf edges and tips are easy to scorch, even large area burns. If the light is too weak, the color of the yellow-white patch will turn green, grow best under the bright scattered light, and the leaf color is brighter and more beautiful. The soil should be rich, loose and well drained loam. Potted soil uses a mixture of rotten leaf soil and coarse sand. [propagation methods] Cuttage, sowing and tissue culture are commonly used. Cutting propagation is the best in the period of high temperature from July to August, cutting the top of the stem 7cm, cutting off part of the leaves, reducing water evaporation, cutting in the sand bed or bandaging the incision with water moss, keeping high air humidity, room temperature 24: 30 ℃, rooting 15-25 days after cutting, transplanting to pot after new buds germinated on the stem segment. Sowing and reproduction: Dai powder leaves must bear fruit after artificial pollination. The seeds should be sowed immediately after maturity, and the seeds should be cleaned to avoid mildew. The pot soil should be disinfected before sowing, cover 1 cm after sowing, keep room temperature 24-29 ℃, germinate 7-14 days after sowing, and transplant when the seedling is 3 cm high. Tissue culture propagation: at present, lateral buds and terminal buds have been used as explants. After routine disinfection, they were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg / L 6-benzylaminoadenine and 2 mg / L naphthylacetic acid. 45 days later, when the adventitious buds grew to 2 cm, they were transferred to 1/2MS medium supplemented with 2 mg / 1 indole acetic acid. After about 20 to 25 days, they could root and form complete plantlets. [cultivation management] 15-20 cm pots are commonly used in potted plants of Dai powder leaves. Fertilize once every semimonthly during the growing period, or use "Huiyou" 20 Mel 8 Mel 20 with high potassium nitrate fertilizer for four seasons. If the room temperature is below 15 ℃, the fertilizer will be stopped. If the winter temperature is lower than 10 ℃, too much watering will cause defoliation and stem top ulceration. If the plant is only deciduous and the stem is not rotten, it can continue to sprout and spread its leaves after the temperature rises. After growing for 1-2 years, there are more tillers at the base of potted plants, which can be combined with changing pots for split propagation. If the plant grows taller, the shoot can be cut off by leaving the basal 2-3 nodes, and the remaining stem nodes can still sprout and branch and maintain a better plant shape. [pest control] there are mainly bacterial leaf spot, brown spot and anthracnose, which can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times. Sometimes root rot and stem rot harm occur, in addition to pay attention to ventilation and reduce humidity, you can use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid spray control. [postpartum treatment] Dai powder leaves with large leaves, with beautiful color spots, suitable for potted ornamental, decorated living room, study, very comfortable and elegant. With it placed in public places with low luminosity, Daifen leaves still grow normally, with green leaves, luxuriant branches and full of vitality, which is especially suitable for configuration in modern buildings. Daifen leaves can endure 14 days in the dark and are stored and transported at 15 ℃ and 90% relative humidity. Picture:

Beautiful needle sunflower, also known as soft-leaf sunflower, is a palm jujube foliage plant. Beautiful needle sunflower is an evergreen shrub with short and thick stems, usually solitary and tufted, with a plant height of 1m. The leaves are flaky, erect at birth, slightly curved and drooping after a little longer, with long spines and triangular protuberances on both sides of the petiole base, which is one of its characteristics; the leaflets are lanceolate, about 20ml 30cm long and 1cm wide, soft and arc-shaped. Inflorescences of fleshy spikes axillary, 20ml 50 cm long, dioecious. The fruit is about 1.5 cm long, light green at first and jujube when ripe. Beautiful needle sunflower is native to Indochina and is widely cultivated in the provinces and regions of southern China. There are about 17 species of plants of the same genus, mainly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Its tropical climate of high temperature and humidity, light and shade tolerance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, like good drainage, fertile sandy loam. It has strong cold tolerance and can survive the winter at about 0 ℃ in winter. Beautiful needle sunflower is used to sow and reproduce. Pollination after flowering is easy to bear fruit. The fruit matures from October to November and is sown immediately after harvest or sown in the following spring. Sow the seeds in the river sand to keep the substrate moist. Seedlings can emerge at 20 ℃ 30 ℃ for 2-3 months or more. Dilute liquid fertilizer was applied when the cotyledon degree of the seedlings reached 5ml / 10cm, then pots were transplanted, and the management of water and fertilizer was strengthened. The pot culture of beautiful needle sunflower can use 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of river mixture as the substrate, and add a small amount of base fertilizer when planting. It has strong adaptability and simple cultivation and maintenance. During the peak growth period from April to September, liquid fertilizer was applied twice a month to keep the basin soil moist, and the dry air sprayed water to the plant once a day to improve the air humidity of the environment and benefit the plant growth; in other seasons, less fertilization or no fertilizer could be applied, and the basin soil could be kept wet. When the light is strong from June to September, it should be shaded (50% shading degree is appropriate) to prevent the leaves from yellowing; other seasons should be given more sufficient light to facilitate plant growth. The beautiful needle sunflower is prone to shell insects when the air is dry and the ventilation is poor. If shell insects are found, they should be prevented and controlled. Generally, 800 times omethoate can be sprayed, and ventilation and ventilation conditions are improved at the same time. Beautiful needle sunflower branches and leaves arch like umbrella-shaped, leaves evenly distributed and green bright, is an excellent potted foliage plant. Use it to decorate the interior, but it is permeated with tropical atmosphere. In general, small and medium-sized pots are suitable for living rooms, study and other places, appear elegant and generous; potted plants in large plants are often used to decorate the meeting hall, hall, etc., appear solemn and majestic. Picture:

One leaf orchid scientific name: Aspidistra elatior English name: Common Aspidistra alias: Spider holding egg. Family name: Liliaceae morphological characteristics: evergreen herbs, with rhizomes. Leaves elliptic needle-lanceolate, dark green, margin microwave-shaped. The flower is bell-shaped. The flowering period is April. The capsule is spherical. Like shade can not tolerate strong light, like warm and cold-resistant, like moist, should be drained well and fertile sandy loam.

Silver queen Latin name: Aglaonema commulatum cv.Silvcr Queen alias: silver queen evergreen, silver queen thick rib grass, silver queen bright silk grass botanical characteristics: > is a perennial herb. The plant height is 30ml 40 cm, the stem is erect and unbranched, and the internodes are obvious. The leaves are alternate, the petiole is long, the base is enlarged into a sheath, the leaf is narrow and long, light green, the leaf surface has gray-green stripes, and the area is larger. The Silver Queen is famous for its unique air purification ability: the higher the concentration of pollutants in the air, the more it can exert its purification ability! Therefore, it is very suitable for dark rooms with poor ventilation. This kind of plant with gray leaves likes to live in a constant temperature. If it is watered with warm water, it can survive for a long time. Can be removed: formaldehyde, nicotine "Silver Queen can absorb radiation from the printer."

Tiger tail orchid, also known as tiger skin orchid, millennium orchid, is a perennial herbaceous foliage plant of Liliaceae. The lower part of the tiger-tail brandy has a tough rhizome and is stemless. Leaves clustered, fleshy linear-lanceolate, hard leathery, erect, base slightly furrowed; dark green, with horizontal stripes of light green and dark green on both sides, slightly powdered. Raceme of white to light green flowers with a sweet and elegant fragrance; flowering in spring and summer. Common cultivated varieties are: Phnom Penh tiger tail orchid: shaped like tiger tail orchid, but the leaf edge is inlaid with golden broad-spotted belt. Magnolia przewalskii: it is a dwarf species with a plant height of about 10mi 20cm. It is a mutant of Phnom Penh with short and broad leaves and overlapping growth. Onion leaf tiger tail orchid: also known as pillar leaf tiger tail orchid. The leaf is cylindrical, the whole leaf is about the same thickness up and down, the end is slightly pointed and thin, the leaf surface has a longitudinal shallow groove, and each leaf grows independently. Tiger tail orchid is native to ten arid areas of Africa and southern Asia, and is cultivated all over China. It has strong adaptability, warm and humid sex, drought tolerance, light tolerance and shade tolerance. The requirement of soil is not strict, and the sandy loam with better drainage is better. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 ℃, and the overwintering temperature is 10 ℃. Cymbidium can be propagated by ramet and cuttage. After the temperature rises in spring every year, the whole plant is separated from the basin, the old culture soil is removed, the rhizome is exposed, and it is cut into several plants along its direction, so that each plant contains at least 4 mature leaves, and then planted in the pot with the new culture soil. The cutting propagation material is leaf (that is, leaf cutting), which can be carried out when the temperature is above 15 ℃. The mature leaves were transversely cut into 7 Mel 8 cm long segments, which were used as cuttings, dried slightly and inserted in the river sand. Be careful not to cut upside down when cutting; keep a certain degree of humidity, but it should not be too wet to avoid decay. Adventitious buds and roots can grow from the incision in about a month, and new plants can grow. Phnom Penh and variegated leaf varieties use leaf cuttings to produce green seedlings, Phnom Penh and spotted mausoleum disappear, reducing the ornamental value, so these varieties are not suitable for leaf cutting propagation, can only be propagated by ramets. The pot cultivation of Magnolia can use the same amount of rotten leaf soil and garden soil and a small amount of mature base fertilizer as the substrate. It grows well under the condition of sufficient light, except in midsummer to avoid the direct sun, other seasons should accept more sunlight; if placed in the indoor light is too dark for a long time, the leaves will be dark, lack of vitality. In addition, if it is placed indoors for a long time, it is not advisable to suddenly move directly to the sun. It is better to move to the light first, so that it can have an adaptation process and then see the sun, so that the leaves will not be burned. Watering should be appropriate and master the principle that it would rather be dry than wet. Usually scrub the foliar dust with clean water to keep the leaves clean and bright. When sprouting new plants at the root neck in spring, the basin soil should be properly watered to keep the basin soil moist; in summer high temperature season, the basin soil should always be kept moist; the amount of watering should be controlled after the end of autumn, and the basin soil should be kept relatively dry to enhance cold resistance. It does not have high requirements for fertilizer, and it applies dilute liquid fertilizer twice a month in the growing season to ensure that the leaves are green and thick. Tiger tail orchid leaves are firm and erect, with gray-white and dark green tiger-tail stripes, resolute posture, strange and interesting; it has many varieties, great changes in plant shape and leaf color, exquisite and chic; it has strong adaptability to the environment. It is a kind of indomitable plant, widely used in cultivation and widely used as a common potted foliage plant in home. It is suitable for decorating study, living room and office, which can be enjoyed for a long time.

Fugui bamboo, also known as Xianda dragon blood tree, is a foliage plant of the family Liliaceae. Fugui bamboo is a small evergreen tree with no rhizome underground and yellowish brown roots. The speckle color of the leaf varies from variety to variety. Common cultivated varieties are: Phnom Penh rich bamboo: leaf edge golden yellow, central green. Sex likes high temperature and high humidity environment, light requirements are not strict, Xiguang can also withstand shade. It is suitable for sandy loam with good drainage. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 ℃, and the overwintering temperature is 10 ℃. Rich bamboo is propagated by cuttings. Cuttings are mostly combined with shaping and pruning. With the growth and height of the plant for many years, the leaves at the base of the stem often fall off and the shape of the plant becomes worse; in the growing season, the stem can be cut by 5 cm and 10 cm as cuttings, which can be cut in vermiculite or river sand, which can take root and sprout in 1-2 weeks. The pot cultivation of rich bamboo can be planted with the same amount of rotten leaf soil, garden soil and river sand, or coconut bran and rotten leaf soil with a small amount of base fertilizer as culture soil. The key to management is to master humidity and temperature. The growing season should often keep the basin soil moist, and often spray water to the leaf surface, in order to maintain a higher environmental humidity, too dry will make the leaf tip dry; in winter, the basin soil should not be too damp, but it is often necessary to spray water to the leaf surface, and pay attention to cold prevention work at the same time, so as to prevent the leaves from yellowing, atrophy and even shedding. Liquid fertilizer or granular compound fertilizer was applied 2 or 3 times a month from May to September to keep the leaves green and bright. It is not strict with light and is suitable to grow under bright scattered light to avoid direct sunlight. If exposed or dried, it will make the leaves rough, scorched, lack of luster and reduce the ornamental value.

Anthurium andraeanum scientific name: Anthurium andraeanum Anthurium andraeanum alias: fire crane flower, candle, Anzu flower, red crane taro. Anthuriaceae: Anthurium of Araceae. Origin and distribution of Anthurium andraeanum: Anthurium andraeanum is native to the tropical regions of America and likes a warm and humid climate. Sex likes warm, humid and semi-shady environment, but does not bear shade, likes sunshine but avoids direct sunlight, is not resistant to cold, likes fat and avoids salt and alkali. At present, the greenhouse with light, temperature and water regulation system is used for cut flower cultivation. Good cut flowers and potted flowers have also been cultivated in simple shade sheds in frost-free hot areas of Yunnan. With the improvement of economic level, Anthurium andraeanum has a good application prospect as a high-grade flower. The flowers of Anthurium andraeanum are unique, bright and gorgeous, colorful and varied, and the flowering period is long, the flowers bloom continuously in four seasons, the vase life is very long, the aquaculture period can be up to 1 month, and the single flowering period of potted plants can reach 4-6 months. The suitable temperature for growth is 25 ℃, and the overwintering temperature should be kept above 15 ℃. The acid soil with loose air permeability, good drainage, rich humus and pH 5.5 / 6.5 is required. Morphological characteristics of Anthurium andraeanum: it is a perennial herb of Araceae, with a height of 30-70cm, leaves drawn from short stems, leathery, long heart-shaped, all-green, petiole hard and slender, 30 cm long and about 10 cm wide. The flower is terminal, about 50 cm long, the Buddha's flame bract is heart-dirty, 10 ~ 20 cm long and 8 ~ 10 cm wide, the surface is wrinkled, the spawn has a bright waxy luster, the fleshy inflorescence is cylindrical, erect, about 6 cm long, yellow, at first glance, it looks like an artificial false flower, the flower posture is strange and beautiful, and the cut flower has a life span of more than 30 days, which is an advanced flower material for flower arrangement. A wide variety of similar varieties, there are red, pink, scarlet, white, red background green lines, green, orange and other colors, the florescence is long, can blossom throughout the year. Perennial epiphytic evergreen herbaceous flowers. The height of the plant can reach 1 meter and the Internode is short. Leaves extracted from rhizome, long-stalked, solitary, oblong, heart-shaped or ovoid, dark fresh green, glossy. The flower bud is drawn from the leaf axil and the flame is upright, leathery, ovoid, orange or scarlet. Its varieties are milky white, mosaic white-green, five-color and exquisite red edge varieties, which are very varied. Inflorescences sessile, Terete, erect, slightly decumbent. Flowers bisexual, perianth 4-lobed, stamens 4, ovary 2-loculed, each locule with 1-2 ovules. There are 2-4 seeds in the small berries, pink, concentrated on the fleshy inflorescences. It is one of the most valuable cut flower varieties nowadays. Because of its bright flowers, waxy outer cover and long shelf life, it has become an important flower arrangement for high-end occasions. Anthurium andraeanum ecological habits: like the environment with high air humidity and smooth drainage, like shade, warm and hot. It can blossom and bear fruit all the year round in the environment where the temperature is not higher than 28 ℃ in the daytime and no less than 20 ℃ at night. Sunburn occurs when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, growth is affected when the temperature is lower than 14 ℃, and the plant will freeze to death when the continuous low temperature is lower than 0 ℃. The air humidity is required to reach 80%, and the soil pH value is 5.5 and the EC value is 1.2. The soil is required to be loose and fertile, and soilless cultivation is the best. The optimum growth temperature of Anthurium andraeanum for propagation and cultivation is 20-30 ℃, the highest temperature should not exceed 35 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 14 ℃. If it is lower than 10 ℃, it may cause freezing injury at any time. The optimum air relative humidity is 70% Mel 80%, which should not be less than 50%, because keeping a high air humidity in the cultivation environment is the key to the success of Anthurium andraeanum cultivation. Therefore, foliar spraying should be carried out many times throughout the year. Anthurium andraeanum is not tolerant to strong light and should be cultivated in a shady environment throughout the year, that is, it should be cultivated in a greenhouse with protective facilities. It should be properly shaded in spring, summer and autumn, especially 70% shading in summer. Direct sunlight will make the leaf temperature higher than the air temperature, and if the leaf temperature is too high, there will be burns, scorched leaves, bud discoloration and slow leaf growth. 1. Anthurium andraeanum propagation: it is usually propagated in separate plants. at present, tissue culture is often used to propagate in large quantities, and seeds are used in breeding. The tiller buds of the adult mother plant can be divided and planted in spring, and the young leaves are mostly used as explants in tissue culture, which are induced by callus to differentiate buds, then rooting and seedling formation, and it takes about 4 months from inoculation to seedling transplantation. flowering 2-3 years after planting. 2. Cultivation of Anthurium andraeanum: Anthurium andraeanum is cultivated in greenhouse, and it can also be cultivated in pot. A greenhouse with heating, ventilation and shading is required. Soilless cultivation should be carried out, and the suitable culture medium should be the mixture of vermiculite, perlite and peat. Usually from January to May, the seedlings were planted with 7 leaves from January to May, with a height of about 30cm, ridging 30cm, planting on the ridge, the plant row spacing was 30 × 40cm, drip irrigation was used and the nutrient solution was applied twice a week. Pay attention to the adjustment of temperature, humidity and light during growth. The suitable temperature is 27 ℃ and 28 ℃. The temperature is cooled by spraying water and ventilating during the high temperature period in summer, and the night temperature is kept at 15 min in winter. The light is adjusted to 20000 Mel 25000 lux, and shaded when it is too strong. Strong light and high temperature in summer can easily cause leaf burns. Too much watering or poor drainage is easy to rot roots. The suitable time for harvesting cut flowers is when the yellow part of fleshy panicle accounts for 1 / 3 and cut off from the base of pedicel. Insert it into the water immediately after harvest. When it needs to be transported, it is fixed according to a single branch and placed in a flat box in layers. Anthurium andraeanum water for a long time, water culture, every 3 days to change water, and cut off the base of the flower stalk 1 cm, keep the incision fresh, in order to facilitate water absorption. It could be stored in 13 ℃ for 4 weeks and kept fresh, and chilling injury occurred when the temperature was below 7 ℃. When potted, the potted soil is made of peat or rotten leaf soil plus rotten horse dung plus an appropriate amount of perlite, which can also be matched with 2pm 3 rotten leaf soil and 1cm 3 river sand. 5Mel 6 leaves on the pot, the seedlings with a small basin, with the growth gradually changed into a large basin, the bottom of the basin more broken tiles to facilitate ventilation, exhaust. Change the basin every 1-2 years, watering with foliar spray is better to keep the foliage moist. During the growing period, thin alum fertilizer was applied once a week. The main pests of Anthurium andraeanum are red spider and shell insect, and the main diseases are anthracnose and leaf spot, which can be sprayed with 1000 times of omethoate and methyl topiramate respectively. Anthurium andraeanum is very popular because of its unique flower shape, colorful flowers and annual flowering, which can be used as cut flowers and potted flowers. Anthurium andraeanum, which is used as a cut flower, is extremely bright red and waxy, and has a long vase life. Potted ornamental spring flowering green leaves with bright red Buddha flame is very beautiful, there are flowers, when there are no flowers to watch the leaves, is an excellent indoor small potted flowers. Often used for the beautification of family rooms, living rooms and conference rooms, Anthurium andraeanum ranks second only to orchids in the global tropical flower trade. Anthurium andraeanum is mainly cut flowers. In recent years, due to the continuous cultivation of new multi-flower varieties.

Emerald forest taro, also known as long heart leaf green velvet, emerald, is a perennial evergreen vine foliage plant of Araceae. The emerald forest taro is a trailing species with a stout stem and air roots on the nodes. The leaf is long heart-shaped, 25ml 35cm long, 12li 18cm wide, without end protruding point, the base is deep heart-shaped, green, entire, shiny. The tender shoots and leaf sheaths are green. Similar to the same good varieties are: Ruby forest taro: also known as ruby, leaves and stems are dark red. Amorphophallus humilis: petioles, abaxial surface of leaves, and young newborn parts are often dark red. Qin Ye Xi Lin taro: meaning split leaf Xi Lin taro, the leaf is violin-shaped, 5-lobed, the base lobe is wide, ear-shaped, the middle is thin, the apex is long oval, the color is dark green, shiny. Heart leaf Xilin taro: also known as keen climbing Xilin taro, round leaf Xilin taro, green stems and leaves, heart-shaped leaves. Emerald forest taro and other trees are mostly native to tropical and subtropical America and climb on tree trunks and rocks. Sex likes warm, humid and semi-overcast environment. The suitable temperature for growth was 20 ℃ and 28 ℃, and the overwintering temperature was 5 ℃. Emerald like forest taro is often propagated by cuttings, and it is easy to take root in high temperature season. Generally, the stem was cut from April to August, the lower leaves were removed, and the cuttings were inserted into the matrix mixed with rotten leaf soil and river sand to keep the substrate and air moist. It can take root and put on the pot after 2 Mel for 3 weeks. The pot substrate of emerald forest taro is better in loam soil which is rich in humus and well drained. Generally, it can be made of 1 part of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of garden soil, 1 part of peat soil and a small amount of river sand and base fertilizer. When planting, you can stand a column in the basin and plant 5 seedlings around it to let it climb and grow. It likes high temperature and humid environment, must keep the basin soil moist, especially in summer can not lack of water, but also often spray water to the leaves; but to avoid basin soil stagnant water, otherwise the leaves are easy to yellowing. Generally, the water should be watered once a day in spring and summer and every 5 days in autumn. In winter, the amount of water should be reduced, but the basin soil should not be completely dry. In the growing season, we should often pay attention to topdressing, generally fertilizing twice a month; slow or stop growing in late autumn and winter, we should stop applying fertilizer. It likes bright light, avoids strong sunlight, and generally needs to be shaded by 50% to 60% in the growing season; but it can also tolerate a dark indoor environment, but too weak light for a long time can easily lead to overgrowth, elongation and weak growth, which is not conducive to viewing. Emerald like forest taro leaves broad and thick green, climbing cultivation can form a green round school, regular and strong plant shape, rich tropical style. It has strong negative tolerance and is very suitable for indoor decoration and cultivation. It is often cultivated in large and medium-sized plants, and it is arranged in halls, conference rooms, offices and so on.

Cymbidium is a perennial evergreen foliage plant of Liliaceae. Cymbidium is a perennial herb with tufted cylindrical hypertrophic fibrous roots and rhizomes. The most important feature of Cymbidium is that mature plants will grow stems from time to time, and small plants will grow at the end of the stem. Flower pavilions slender, longer than leaves, curved; flowers white, clustered in clusters, scattered on inflorescence axis. The florescence is between spring and summer, and it can also bloom indoors in winter. At present, in addition to pure green leaves, there are three kinds of horticultural varieties: Magnolia, Golden Cymbidium and Phnom Penh. Sex likes a warm, humid, semi-overcast environment. It has strong adaptability and is resistant to drought and cold. Instead of soil, it grows better in loose sandy loam. Light requirements are not strict, a ship is suitable for growing in medium light conditions, but also resistant to weak light. The suitable temperature for growth is 1525 ℃, and the overwintering temperature is 5 ℃. Cymbidium can be propagated by ramets. Except that the winter temperature is too low to be suitable for ramet, it can be carried out in other seasons. When the potted plants were planted for 2 to 3 years, the dense potted seedlings were divided into two to several clusters when changing pots in spring, and the plants were potted into new plants respectively. Cymbidium can also be propagated by small plants on the walking stem. In the growing season, the small plants on the stems are cut, planted in the culture soil or in water, and then transplanted into the basin after the small plants take root. In potted cultivation, rotten leaf soil or peat soil, garden soil and river sand are often mixed with a small amount of base fertilizer as substrate. The pots were changed every 2-3 years, and the culture soil was reprepared. The fleshy root has well-developed water storage tissue and strong drought resistance, but it needs more water during the peak growth period from March to September, so it should be watered and sprayed frequently to increase humidity, and gradually reduce the amount of water after autumn to improve the cold resistance of the plant. During the peak growth period, dilute liquid fertilizer was applied twice a month. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, but Jinxin and Phnom Penh varieties should not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the line spot of leaves will not become obvious. Hanging orchid like semi-shady environment, if the light is too strong or insufficient, the leaves will easily become light green or yellowish green, lack of vitality, lose their due ornamental value, or even die; such as direct sunlight, dry air, the most likely to cause hanging orchid scorched, so it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, and pay attention to maintain environmental humidity. Cymbidium is not easy to suffer from diseases and insect pests, but if the basin soil is stagnant and poorly ventilated, it will not only lead to rotting roots, but also may cause root rot, so attention should be paid to spray control. Hanging orchid, stems and leaves such as orchid, evergreen all the year round, hanging indoors, can be called "flowers in the air". It takes stolons from the axils of leaves and produces many small plants with roots, which droop along the basin and are very elegant. Hanging orchid is also known as indoor air "purifier", it can absorb carbon monoxide, nitrogen peroxide, and other volatile gases, so that the indoor air is purified, which is beneficial to human health. However, the hanging orchid is often easy to wither at the tip of the leaf, which affects the outlook, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. The methods of prevention and control should start from the causes: there are more than 200 kinds of hanging orchids, including Phnom Penh, silver-edged orchids, golden orchids and whole-edge orchids and so on. Cymbidium is native to South Africa, South America and tropical Asia. It is warm, semi-shady, humid and not cold-resistant. If there is insufficient moisture in summer and autumn, or heavy frost in winter, it is often easy to wither leaf tips. Specific prevention and control methods can be taken: (1) often pay attention to watering, spraying, to keep the basin soil and the surrounding air moist. Because its blade is more, hang in the air again, or place balcony ventilated place, need more water. This should often be watered and sprayed to the basin soil and foliage and around the basin. Generally, it can be watered early and late every day in summer and autumn, and watered every 4-5 days in winter and spring, less in winter and a little more in spring. Only in this way can we keep the basin soil moist and the air moist, and at the same time wash the dust and keep the leaves fresh in time, so as to enhance the ornamental quality. (2) place the flowerpot in a semi-shaded place to prevent strong light exposure. Although the orchid needs the right amount of light, but avoid direct sunlight, otherwise it is also easy to cause leaf withering. (3) the orchid should have a large pot with few plants and prefer sandy loam with good drainage and air permeability. For example, a medium-sized flowerpot is suitable for 2-3 plants. If the number of plants is too much, the need for water is also too much, such as the insufficient supply of water content in small soil, and it is easy for leaves to wither. Attention should also be paid to often cutting off withered leaves. It can also be combined with changing pots every spring or autumn, replacing smaller pots with large pots and removing redundant branches and leaves.

Golden amber, also known as yellow thorn, is the most attractive species of cactus in the family cactus and golden amber genus. There are also several main varieties in planting palms, such as white thorns, wild thorns, short thorns, golden amber brocade, golden amber crown and so on. Origin and habits: Golden vetch originated in the desert of Mexico, and now it has been introduced and cultivated in the south and north of China. Golden amber prefers sunny, fertile and permeable sandy loam. The hot period of high temperature in summer should be properly shaded to prevent the sphere from being burned by strong light. Morphological features: Golden amber stem globular, ball dark green, dense yellow hard thorns, ball top densely golden woolly; flowers yellow, terminal in woolly clumps, Lu size, very beautiful and spectacular; fruit scale and woolly, seeds black and smooth. Per reproduction technique: Golden mackerel was propagated by sowing and bulb grafting. 1. Sowing method: the emergence rate of seeds harvested in the same year is high. Sowing takes place from May to September, and the seedling sphere has the size of rice or mung bean 30-40 days after germination, which can be transplanted or grafted on the rootstock to promote growth. 2. The method of seed ball grafting: the seedlings cultivated for more than 3 months are grafted on a tender ruler to promote growth. When the scion grows to a certain size or the rootstock cannot support it, it can be cut off, dry the wound and then cut into the pot. In the good environment of fertile soil and air circulation, the seedlings without grafting grow very fast. After potting, the seedlings or grafted balls should be placed in a semi-shaded place, avoid direct sunlight, and the sphere will not shrink after 7 days and 10 days, that is, it will survive. Management technology: Jinxing likes calcareous sandy loam, which can be mixed with the same amount of coarse sand, loam, rotten leaf soil and a small amount of old wall ash. The basin should be turned over to change the soil and the old roots should be cut off once a year. In the middle of March, take the ball out of the basin and cut off the old root so as not to hurt the main root. After cutting, leave the bad in a ventilated place for 4-5 days to dry the cut; the newly cultivated soil used in turning the basin should use fermented livestock and poultry manure as base fertilizer and mix well with coal ash, plant ash and a small amount of animal bone powder; the basin should be detoxified by means of sunlight, cooking and spraying to prevent rotten balls. Golden amber likes to have plenty of sunshine, but it should be half-shaded in summer. When the temperature is above 35 ℃, it should be shaded around noon to avoid strong sunlight to burn the sphere. Before 10:00 or after 5pm, it can be exposed to the sun to promote more buds, and to avoid excessive shading, the sphere becomes longer and reduces ornamental value. The overwintering temperature was kept at 8: 10 ℃ and the basin soil was kept dry. When the temperature is too low, the sphere will produce macula. Rain-proof in summer. Summer is the peak growing season, and the water demand is increased. If you want to water frequently in case of drought, the best time is in the early morning and evening, do not water too cold in the hot noon, it is easy to cause "cold" and cause disease. If the basin soil is too dry at noon, you can spray less water to make the basin surface moist, not to spray water to the top of the ball and the grafting part, so as not to accumulate water and rot. During the growing period, the rarefied fertilizer solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied twice in half a month and watered cleanly. Organic fertilizer should be fully mature and properly concentrated. Golden amber has strong nature and strong disease resistance, but it is vulnerable to diseases and pests such as red spider, shell insect and whitefly in summer because of humidity, heat, poor ventilation and other factors. The prevention and control of red spiders, shell insects, whitefly and other diseases and pests should be strengthened. The red spider was sprayed with 40% dimethoate or 90% trichlorfon 1000-1500 times. When shell insects and whiteflies are found, they can be wiped out manually. Ornamental value: Golden mackerel has a long life, easy cultivation, strong adult golden amber flowers, resplendent, and high ornamental value. Moreover, it is a kind of ideal ornamental plant for urban family greening because of its small size and less space.

Peace tree (cinnamon) peace tree, is Lauraceae, Cinnamomum cassia plants in the elegant name, for evergreen small trees, twigs green, smooth without villi, leaves opposite or nearly opposite, ovate long elliptic, apex pointed, thick leather, leaves about 10 cm to 22 cm, 5 cm to 8 cm wide, positive bright green, metallic luster, leaf back gray-green to yellow-green, three veins obvious, for the more popular foliage plants. It likes warm and humid, sunny environment, more resistant to shade, like warm and hot, frost-free, foggy and humid environment, not resistant to drought, cold and saline. Cultivation should be loose fertile, good drainage, rich in organic matter acid sandy loam. Its growth temperature is 22℃ to 30℃, not resistant to low temperatures below 5℃, should enter the room before frost, clear after the room. Its requirements for light are from mid-May to mid-October, should be given 40% to 50% shading, too strong light easily lead to leaves being burned, but long-term storage in the indoor light sufficient place, but also can grow well. The growing season should always keep the basin soil moist, and often spray water on the leaves and the environment to maintain the relative air humidity in the environment at about 80%. In the irrigation water in the northern region, 0.1% ferrous sulfate powder should be added, and a small amount of edible vinegar can also be dripped to improve the acidity of the water quality to meet its demand for acidic soil environment. Potted in the growing season should be loosened once a month, always keep its roots in a good state of permeability. When the plant sprouted new leaves, thin cake fertilizer water can be applied once a month, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied twice in succession after autumn to increase the cold resistance of the plant. When fertilizing, avoid using raw fertilizer, concentrated fertilizer, large fertilizer, especially prohibit high concentration of chemical fertilizer solution, otherwise it is easy to cause fertilizer damage to burn roots, lead to yellow leaves and scorch, plant death. Under the conditions of poor indoor ventilation, high temperature, high humidity and poor illumination, brown spot disease is easy to occur on leaves, but usually occurs from April to May. Its symptoms are as follows: it mostly occurs on new leaves, begins to appear oval yellow brown spots on leaves, expands continuously later, and more black dots appear in front of leaves, the back of disease spots is purple, and the whole leaves wilt and fall off after yellowing. Prevention and control methods: found a small number of diseased leaves, timely pick off burned. At the beginning of the disease, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, once every 10 days, 3 to 4 times in succession. A small number of spots on potted plants in the family can be coated with Dakening cream to inhibit the expansion of the spots. There may be several reasons for the yellowing and shedding of leaves: one is that the roots of new potted plants bought from the south are seriously damaged, combined with long-distance transportation and cold weather. Second, the indoor temperature in winter is lower than 5℃, which causes yellow leaves from cold damage. Third, too much watering, resulting in rotten roots causing plants to yellow leaves. Fourth, the water quality is alkaline, causing the leaves to slowly yellow. Fifth, improper fertilization, excessive fertilization or over-concentration, causing nutrient fiber root dehydration atrophy necrosis. For plants with yellow leaves and falling off, check their roots. If the roots have been partially rotted, cut off the rotted parts and plant them again with clean and fresh culture soil. Close to the root cut, a circle of moist fine sand should be surrounded to promote wound healing and germination of new roots. The dead branches and leaves can be cut off completely. After changing pots, spray more water and less water to keep the pot soil moist. After the middle of April, when the outdoor temperature is not lower than 15℃, it can be moved outdoors, and it can be restored to normal fertilization after new leaves grow out.

Zebra Evergreen Zebra Evergreen also known as King Dai powder leaves, dumb sugarcane, for the Araceae perennial herbs, stems cylindrical, fleshy, stems often white ring patterns, is the trace of leaves falling off. Zebra Evergreen leaves were long oval, in the green main veins on both sides of the leaves scattered with irregular white or yellow spots and stripes, it is particularly elegant, like zebra stripes, so there are zebra Evergreen said. Zebra evergreen originated in Colombia, like warm and humid climate, the optimum temperature for growth is 25℃ to 30℃, winter indoor temperature should also be maintained at about 15℃, the lowest 10℃. Potting soil can be mixed with 7 parts of moldy soil, 3 parts of loam and 1 part of Gaza. Zebra leaf Evergreen likes semi-shade environment, avoid direct sunlight, can be cultivated indoors all year round. Water resistance, can be placed in the basin bottom of a water tray, the tray water, so that water from the basin bottom hole infiltration basin soil. In winter, water should be controlled, and the lower the temperature, the less attention should be paid to watering. Some of the leaves may turn yellow and fall off in winter, but as long as they are not frozen, they can re-emerge in the following spring. If placed indoors for winter, growth is weak, there is a tendency to grow, you can put it outdoors in the semi-shade during the growing season for a period of time, and then move back indoors after the vitality is restored. Fertilization can be carried out in the growing season, depending on the growth potential, once or twice a month, apply more decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer to promote leaf color green, but nitrogen fertilizer should not be used more. Its "flower" is the typical sphaerotheca inflorescence of Araceae. There are few or no seeds, so it is difficult to reproduce with seeds. Propagation is basically asexual propagation, the main methods are tissue culture and cuttage method. Tissue culture has high success coefficient and low cost, but it needs certain equipment and conditions. Cuttage method is in spring will old stem cut into 10 to 15 cm section, oblique inserted in the sand, keep wet, to root long leaves transplanted on the pot, but also in the growth season will stem cut into one or two sections, about five or six centimeters long, dry for a few days to cut dry after planting directly in the pot, keep wet, soon can root and leaf. Can also cut the stem section with leaves inserted in transparent glass water bottle, with white rice stone for architectural decoration will be fixed, half a month or so can be seen to grow white as jade fibrous roots, both considerable leaves can also appreciate the roots. Because its juice is poisonous, do not touch the skin and mouth and eyes during operation. There are more than 30 species belonging to the same genus as zebra leaf evergreen, which also have certain ornamental value, but this species is the largest one, its leaves are thick and hard, with elegant and beautiful stripes and luster, the plant is tall, the stem is sturdy, and it is an ideal indoor ornamental product.

Adiantum fern: also known as iron grass, clematis grass, Adiantum family Adiantum is a perennial herbaceous foliage plants. Adiantum is a small and medium-sized terrestrial fern with a plant height of 10-40 cm. Rhizome transverse, dense brown scales, petiole slender and hard, like iron wire, so the name Adiantum. Its ecological habits are warm and humid and semi-shady environment. Adiantum is mainly propagated by ramets. The ramets should be planted before budding in spring, combined with pot changing. The plants that are full of pots are removed from the pots, most of the old culture soil is removed, the rhizomes are cut off, divided into two to several clusters, and potted separately. In addition, Adiantum spores mature scattered in a warm and humid environment to reproduce and grow, when it grows to a certain point potted can also be. Adiantum like loose permeable, fertile calcareous sandy loam soil, potting soil available loam, decayed leaf soil and river sand mixed equal. During the growth period, liquid fertilizer should be applied once a week, and attention should be paid to keeping the basin soil moist and high air humidity. In dry seasons, water can often be sprinkled around the plants to increase air humidity. Adiantum like bright scattered light, avoid direct sunlight. The light is too strong, the leaves are yellow and even dead. It likes warm and cold, suitable temperature for growth is 13-22℃, winter temperature is 5℃

Dracaena draco is a species of Dracaena draco, a genus of Dracaena in the agave family. Mountain kelp, originally a wild plant in the tropical forest of Hainan Island, has become a shade plant suitable for indoor decoration after artificial domestication and cultivation. Description: Evergreen trees. Plant height up to 10m, slightly branched. The leaves are densely grown on flat tops, sword-shaped, 45cm~60cm long, 3 cm ~ 4 cm wide, hard and straight, bright green. Panicle, white and greenish. The common ones in cultivation are young trees without stems or short stems. Breeding points: available cuttage, layering, sowing propagation. Cuttings can be used in early spring with mature thick branches, remove leaves, cut into 5cm~ 10cm long sections, lay flat in a hotbed with a temperature of 25 ° C ~30 ° C and humid air, and take root in about 1 month. Summer in outdoor cuttage, need to build shade. Sowing can be done on older plants and sown in spring. Cultivation soil should be used decayed leaf soil, clay loam and sand mixed fertilizer soil. Application value: dragon blood tree is not only a leaf flower, but also a flower flower, suitable for the layout of large-scale venue main stage background material, extremely spectacular. Leaf base and stem, branch can extract traditional Chinese medicine, with hemostatic effect.

Palm bamboo [alias] Guanyin bamboo Palm bamboo [family] Palm bamboo [origin] Southeast, southern and southwestern China Japan [growth habits] likes warm and humid, semi-shaded, well-ventilated environment, drought tolerance, fear of the sun, the most suitable growth temperature is 25-30 degrees, winter night temperature is preferably not lower than 5 degrees, but can withstand short-term low temperature of 0 degrees, avoid long-term cold wind frost snow, Generally potted plants can safely winter in the room [soil] like fertile and well-drained sandy loam, grow well in slightly acidic sandy loam rich in humus [temperature and environment] like warm, humid, semi-overcast, ventilated environment. In the semi-shady environment to grow well, summer and autumn to avoid direct sunlight, the best shade about 70%, especially in summer avoid sun exposure, otherwise the leaves yellow, plant growth slow, winter and spring is more light for the good [moisture and fertilizer] 5-9 months growth period to water more, keep the soil moist, rather wet do not dry, but not water or easy to rot roots. High temperature period should also often spray leaves and ground with water, increase air humidity, autumn and winter season to reduce the amount of watering. Palm bamboo in the growth period of 1-2 times a month liquid fertilizer, can promote the leaf color green, green, winter to stop fertilization [Pest control] good ventilation environment, its pests and diseases are few, such as poor ventilation easy to occur scale insects and aphids, if a small number of occurrence, should be timely artificial scraping, pay attention to ventilation, timely pruning dead branches and leaves [Economic value] This species is China's traditional excellent foliage plants, plant shape is close and beautiful, leaf shape is delicate, rich in tropical charm, but also bamboo chic. Suitable for potted plants for family indoor, office, conference room, hall and other display viewing

Spring feather English name: Lacy tree philodendron family: Araceae Philodenron genus Scientific name: Philodenron selloum Koch Spring feather formerly known as feather split Philodenron (feather split vine green velvet), native to Brazil, Paraguay and other places, perennial herb. Plant height and 1 m, thick erect stem, diameter and 10 cm, stem has obvious leaf marks and wire shaped aerial root. The leaves extend in all directions at the top of the stem, with petioles about 40 - 50 cm long. The leaves are fresh and shiny, ovate and heart-shaped, up to 60 cm long and 40 cm wide, but generally only about half the size of potted plants. The whole leaves are pinnate and leathery. The leaves of seedling stage were thin and triangular, and gradually enlarged with the growth of leaves, and the more and deeper the pinnacles were. Chunyu likes high temperature and wet environment, the requirements for light are not strict, not cold, dark, indoor light is not too weak, can be potted, like fertile, loose, good drainage of slightly acidic soil, winter temperature is not lower than 5℃. Common cuttings propagation. May to September is the best, cut 2-3 robust stem, directly inserted into moss or coarse sand, keep moist, about 20 days can take root. Keep the pot soil moist during the growth period, especially in summer, do not lack water, and often spray water on the foliage, and fertilize once a month. Plants grow rapidly, need to change pots every spring, winter growth is slow, should stop fertilization and reduce water, family cultivation 3-4 years should be renewed. Common leaf spot disease and scale insect damage. Leaf spot disease was controlled by spraying 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, scale insects were killed by spraying 50% 1000 times solution. Spring feather leaves state peculiar, very resistant to shade, suitable for indoor hall decoration, especially suitable for decorative music teahouse, hotel lounge. The same genus species has red stalk hillinaceous taro.

Yushu, also known as Swallow Palm, Sedum tree, etc., for Crassulaceae, Qingsuo Dragon plants. South Africa is cultivated everywhere. Evergreen shrub. Stems cylindric, grayish green, articulate. Leaves opposite, flattened, fleshy, elliptic, entire, apex slightly acute, base rounded, clasping. Flowers red. Like warm and dry, good sunshine and ventilation. Likes loose sandy culture soil. Avoid soil too wet. The propagation is dominated by cuttings. Cuttings can be made from shoots or leaves. Before planting, it is necessary to dry the cuttings in the shade. Can be in spring or autumn cuttage in moist yellow sand or pearlite. Swallow palm cultivation management is simple and extensive, but in order to achieve plump and robust plant shape, full of flowers on schedule, there is indeed some work to be done. First of all, swallow palm grows faster, every spring to change pots, add fertilizer, put in sufficient sunlight to maintain. Apply thin fertilizer once every 10 days and a half, water once every 2 to 3 days, and see dry and wet. Summer high temperature, swallow palm in a semi-dormant state, afraid of bright light burns leaves, then to do a good shade maintenance. Stop fertilization in summer, pay attention to ventilation, prevent leaves from turning yellow and falling off. If it rains heavily, avoid torrential rain to avoid root rot and death. From August to October, autumn turns cool, swallow palm begins to grow again, light should be strengthened again, shading equipment should be removed, fertilization and watering at this time are the same as spring in principle. Before frost falls, enter the greenhouse, put it in the indoor sunny place, stop fertilizing, water should be controlled, basically water once every half month, watering amount is one half of summer. Swallow palm winter is not cold, temperature should be kept above 7 ℃. Pruning once a year, in spring or late autumn into the greenhouse pot, in order to keep the plant shape simple and elegant throughout the year. Swallow palm diseases and insect pests are few, sometimes encounter anthracnose and leaf spot damage, available 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times spray. If indoor ventilation is poor, stems and leaves are vulnerable to scale insects. Found pests should be immediately artificial washing, serious harm, available 40% omethoate emulsion 1000 times spray control. Yushu, its leaves contain euphorbia resin, the human body contact with the leaves of the outflow of juice, will cause skin redness, swelling, pain, such as splashing in the eyes can also lead to blindness. Although Yushu is not surprising in appearance, because this succulent plant is strong, drought-resistant, easy to cultivate, full of branches and leaves, green all year round, and its enlarged stem nodes have the posture of ancient stumps, it is now more common in urban and rural residential balconies in Jiangnan area. Although Yushu is easy to breed, grow and manage, it is still common for some residents to see Yushu on the balcony in spring, summer and autumn, but it will become wilted and pale in winter, and even become a "bare-chested chicken". This is mainly because flower growers only see the easy side of Yushu cultivation, ignoring its fragile other side, after entering the cold, still put it on the open balcony, let it suffer from cold wind freezing attack, resulting in Yushu suffered freezing damage. After freezing injury, the fleshy leaves and tender stems of Yushu began to appear as if they had been scalded by boiling water, then gradually became soft, withered, and finally fell off, leaving only naked main stems in severe cases. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in overwintering potted Yushu trees on the balcony. We should mainly pay attention to the following links: 1. Move pots into the room in time. After entering winter, the Yushu should be moved to an indoor temperature that can maintain 7℃ to 10℃. On warmer days, Yushu can be moved to the balcony at noon to bathe in the sun, and still moved indoors at night. 2. Control the humidity of basin soil. In winter, the basin soil is mainly slightly dry, and fine mist is sprayed to the leaves in due time to replenish water. Under normal circumstances, there is no need to water the pot soil directly. 3. Move into a greenhouse to keep warm. Conditional pots can be moved into the greenhouse, no conditions can also be sealed with plastic film cover, but pay attention to the humidity inside the cover, found too wet, to timely remove the cover ventilation, in case of rotten leaves. 4. If Yushu has suffered freezing injury due to the error of early anti-freezing measures, do not discard the plants easily. As long as the frozen leaves and young shoots are removed, the full main stem is preserved, and fertilizer is properly applied in spring, new branches and leaves can still sprout on the main stem. Generally, after 1 to 2 years of cultivation, it can develop into a perfect Yushu.

Dracaena Yemen Iron leaves are broad strips, dark green, sessile, and have a wavy margin. The leaves are up to 80 cm long. Suitable for high temperature and humidity environment. Adequate light and shade. Dormancy temperature of 13℃ is appropriate, the minimum temperature should not be lower than 5℃ evergreen, strong adaptability, simple management, slow growth, long life. For indoor and outdoor especially indoor excellent foliage plant Yemen iron conservation method with mountain kelp (dragon blood tree).

Artemisia angustifolia is a foliage plant native to tropical Africa, evergreen perennial, with underground tubers. The shoot has no main stem, the adventitious buds germinate from the tuber to form large compound leaves, the leaflets are fleshy with short petiolule, firm and dark green, bright luster and high ornamental value. Suitable for growth under different light intensity, strong negative tolerance, known as "Yin-tolerant king", is a newly introduced high-grade indoor ornamental plant. The tree has a large tuber, which germinates numerous buds and forms groups of small tubers, and its compound leaves have a life span of more than 2-3 years, and are constantly renewed by new leaves. Money seedlings do not grow fast, can be used for small, medium pot cultivation and ornamental, but also suitable for large pots. The ecological habit of Artemisia mandshurica is native to the tropical (grassland) climate region with less rainfall in eastern Africa. It likes the environment where the temperature is slightly dry, half-shaded and the annual temperature change is small. It is more resistant to drought, but is afraid of cold, avoid strong light exposure, and is afraid of soil viscosity and stagnant water in the basin soil. if the basin soil is not permeable, it is easy to cause its tuber to rot. The soil is required to be loose and fertile, well drained, rich in organic matter and acidic to slightly acidic. The sprouting power is strong, after cutting off the thick compound leaves, the tip of the tuber will soon produce new leaves. Propagation technique in April, when the outdoor temperature is more than 18 ℃, remove the large plant from the pot, shake off most of the persistent soil, break it from the weak combination of tuber sheep, and apply sulfur powder or plant ash on the wound, and plant it in another pot. Be careful not to bury it too deep when planting, with the tip of its tuber buried in the soil 1.5~2cm. That's it. In addition, according to the characteristics of latent buds on the tubers, a large single tuber can be divided into small pieces with 2 or 3 latent buds, and after the wound is drier, it is first buried in slightly moist fine sand, and then planted in a pot after the small tubers to be cut grow into independent plants. Cutting cuttings can use a single leaflet, a leaf axis plus 2 leaves or a single leaf axis. From the rooting effect, the cuttings with leaves on the leaf axis can take root faster, sprout higher in the north, and it is easier to open into larger tubers. After cutting a single leaf on the mixed medium mixed with river sand and vermiculite, a rooting bulb can be formed at the base of the leaf after 10-14 days, and it can grow into a small plant after 2-3 months of cultivation, but the seedling rate is not high in general. If the leaf axis or leaves with leaves are used as cuttings for cutting, the substrate can be made of general fine sand, or peat soil, perlite and river sand can be mixed at the ratio of 3:1:1 to prepare the substrate. The cuttings are buried at a depth of 1pm, leaving only the leaves outside the substrate, sprayed in a shaded place after spraying water, maintaining the ambient temperature of 25 ℃ ~ 27 ℃, and spraying the leaves once or twice a day depending on the dryness and humidity of the substrate. Keep the substrate slightly moist and must not be too wet, otherwise it will cause cuttings to rot and lead to cuttings failure. When the cuttings form a certain root system, the middle of the root gradually expands to form a spherical tuber, and the tuber increases gradually. some of the young cutting leaves will wither and die due to high temperature or poor water management, but the tuber can survive. Old mature leaves and cuttings with total petioles can also maintain green and vitality. A small number of tubers can sprout and grow new leaves in the same year, but the growth is weak and slow, and the tubers grow sturdy new buds and grow normally the next year. The suitable temperature for cultivation and management is 20-32 ℃. No matter it is potted or planted on the ground, the average annual temperature change should be small, and productive cultivation should be carried out in a greenhouse with controllable temperature. Every summer, when the temperature is more than 35 ℃, the growth of the plant is poor. Measures such as covering the black net to shade the light and spraying water to the surrounding environment should be taken to reduce the temperature so as to create a suitable environment with suitable space temperature and dryness. It is best to maintain the greenhouse temperature above 10 ℃ in winter. If the room temperature is lower than 5 ℃, it is easy to cause cold damage and seriously endanger the survival of the plant. In late autumn and early winter, when the temperature drops below 8 ℃, it should be transferred to the room with sufficient light, and the temperature should be kept between 8 ℃ and 10 ℃ during the whole overwintering period, which is more safe and reliable. Light money tree likes light and has strong shade tolerance, so it should create a sunny but shaded environment to a certain extent. It avoids strong light, especially should avoid the hot sun exposure after long rain and early sunshine in late spring and early summer and the unsheltered strong light baking for 5-6 hours before and after noon in summer, otherwise it is very easy to cause burns of newly drawn young leaves. In productive cultivation, it should be placed under a shade of 50% to 70% shade from the end of spring to the Mid-Autumn Festival, but it should not be too dark, otherwise it will lead to slender leaves, yellow leaves and sparse leaflet spacing, thus affecting the compactness and beauty of the plant. Supplementary light should be given to potted plants transferred to the greenhouse in winter. If the water in the basin soil is kept dry, the plant can be kept disease-free for a long time. In addition, the newly extracted pinnate compound leaves do not show obvious phototaxis, and the plant type is good. In order to preserve potted cash tree, efforts should be made to create a moist and dry environment for it. In productive cultivation, the plants placed in the greenhouse should be sprayed with water once a day when the room temperature is more than 33 ℃. Because the plant has strong drought tolerance, it is better to keep the basin soil slightly wet and dry, but the occasional excessive watering and fertilizer will not cause root rot. In winter, we should pay attention to spraying water to the leaf surface and the surrounding environment, so that the relative air humidity can reach more than 50%. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, we should reduce watering, or spray water instead of watering, in order to spend the winter safely in the newly drawn tender leaves yesterday. In addition, in winter, special attention should be paid to the basin soil not to be too wet, and it is better to be too dry, otherwise, under the condition of low temperature, the basin soil is more likely to lead to plant root rot, and even the whole plant death soil due to the special climatic conditions of the origin of the tree, so it forms a strong drought resistance, so the basic requirement for the cultivation substrate is good permeability. The basic requirement of cultivation substrate is good permeability. The cultivation medium was mainly mixed with peat, coarse sand or washed cinder and a small amount of garden soil, and its PH value was adjusted to between 6 and 6.5, showing a slightly acidic state. Because of its large tuber, developed root system and long pinnate compound leaves, its growth should be observed in time during the growing season to decide whether to change the basin or not. Always maintain the good permeability of the cultivation substrate, in order to create a good root environment with good air permeability and water filtration. Check frequently during the rainy season, and when it is found that there is stagnant water in the basin, turn the basin and change the soil in time. Fertilizer Qianshu is more fond of fertilizer. In addition to adding an appropriate amount of retted cake fertilizer or multi-component slow-release compound fertilizer to the cultivation substrate, the mixed solution of 02.0% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied 2 or 3 times a month during the growing season, or 20-10-20 (20-20-20) with a concentration of 200~250ppm combined with calcium nitrate. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, in order to enable it to survive the winter safely, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied continuously for 2 to 3 times to promote the hardening and enrichment of its young leaf axis and newly drawn leaves. When the temperature drops below 15 ℃, all forms of topdressing should be stopped so as not to damage the roots under the condition of low temperature. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests when the temperature drops below 5 ℃ in winter, coupled with the dampness of the basin soil, it is easy to lead to the collapse of plant-like young leaves due to freezing and cold, and when it is serious, it will cause tuber rot and it is difficult to restore vitality. Control methods: during productive cultivation, the greenhouse temperature should be maintained at no less than 10 ℃ during overwintering, and the basin soil should be kept slightly dry. Burns in hot summer, or sunny weather after a long rain, or potted dwarf plants that have just moved outdoors for restorative maintenance for a long time, are directly exposed to the sun, which can easily cause their fat and tender leaves to be burned. as a result, part of the leaves lose green and whiten, or the whole leaves are burned, and the necrotic parts turn brown and black in the later stage. Brown spot disease often occurs on the leaves, the spot is nearly round, grayish brown to yellowish brown, the edge color is slightly dark. The disease is easy to occur under the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. Prevention and control methods: when a small number of diseased leaves are found, they should be removed and destroyed in time, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times or 40% chlorothalonil suspension 500 times at the initial stage of the disease should be sprayed every 10 days for 3 times 4 times in a row. The control effect is better. Prevention and treatment: after entering summer, the plant should be transferred to a semi-shady environment in time, and the plant should be planted with shade as soon as possible when it rains for a long time in late spring and early summer. In the environment of poor ventilation and poor light, the leaves of the money tree are easy to be pierced by the scale insect. Control methods: during the peak incubation period of nymphs, 1000 times of chlorpromazine wettable powder can be sprayed during productive cultivation, and the insecticidal effect is good. Happiness tree generally refers to the "bean tree" of the family Liriodendron and Phaseolus. Bean tree, also known as chili tree and elder umbrella, is a deciduous tree native to southern China. From the pictures collected, "Happiness Tree" mainly refers to bean tree, and its scientific name is Radermachera sinica. Twigs with mucilage, 1 to 3-pinnately compound leaves, leaflets entire, stipitate, bark light gray, deeply longitudinally lobed. Capsule oblong, leathery, 85 cm long and ca. 1 cm in diameter. It is mainly distributed in Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places, as well as in Bhutan. Because its leaves are green and clean, covered with metallic luster, both light-loving and shade-tolerant, the potted young trees are advanced foliage plants. Bean trees like high temperature and humid environment, and can be propagated by cutting, sowing, striping and other methods. The cultivation of sandy loam soil is better, which can be full-day sunshine or semi-shade, and the suitable growth temperature is 18 ℃ to 28 ℃. It is suitable for pruning and shaping before spring germination. During the indoor display, in addition to keeping the basin soil moist, you should often spray water on the foliage and place it in a place with sufficient light. In particular, it should be pointed out that in winter, the temperature of the greenhouse should be kept at least 8 ℃, otherwise chilling injury or even death of the whole plant will occur, and watering should be controlled to ensure that the topsoil is not dry or irrigated. If the room is too dry, spray water to the plant and its surrounding environment; no fertilizer.

Malachite trees are small evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Araliaceae. It is as high as 3m. Leaves alternate, palmately compound with 11 leaflets, resembling slender fingers, with coarsely serrated leaf margin, radiating and staggered. The leaves are leathery and dark green with a copper metallic luster on the leaves. When it grows to more than 2m, the fine leaves will turn into broad leaves, which is its special characteristic. It is suitable to be arranged in more spacious conference halls, restaurants and other brighter places. it can also be used as the lobby decoration of guesthouses and buildings. The specific measures of cultivation and management are as follows: 1. Like humus loam, it is best to use the mixture of rotten leaf soil, garden soil and river sand. Rarefied liquid fertilizer was applied every half month from April to August. 2. Like bright, avoid exposure, the suitable temperature for childbearing is about 20-28 ℃, the air humidity is high, and the fertility is stronger. In summer, if the outdoor shade is 50%, the indoor temperature is generally maintained from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the overwintering temperature should not be lower than 15 ℃. If it is lower than 8 ℃, it is vulnerable to freezing injury. 3. Require basin soil to be moist, avoid dryness and avoid waterlogging. Too dry, easy to make the leaf tip dry, often spray to the leaf surface and around the plant to maintain air humidity. Watering should be reduced as much as possible in winter, as cold and wet can easily lead to fallen leaves. 4. Plants that grow too thin can be re-pruned when the new leaves germinate, leaving about 10 cm at the base, such as the upper branches should also be strongly cut to promote branches and leaves. 5. The cuttage method is used to propagate. From May to June every year, the annual Lignification branches are cut and cut in the environment of 20 ℃. They can take root and survive in about 30 days. Sowing can also be used to propagate, but the seeds are not easy to get and must be kept fresh. 6. The potted plant should be changed once every 2-3 years, and the branches should be trimmed after changing the soil. After planting for many years, if the plant ages and its vitality turns bad, strong cutting should be carried out in spring and fertilizer should be fully given to promote the sprouting of new branches and leaves and make the tree more beautiful.

Tortoise back bamboo alias Penglai banana, electric orchid, for Araceae, tortoise back bamboo is an evergreen vine. Origin and habits: originating from Mexico and Central America. Its nature likes to be warm, shaded, moist, avoid direct sunlight, and requires fertile soil and good drainage. Morphological characteristics: the length of tortoise back bamboo vine can reach more than 10 meters. The stem is stout, the air root can reach 1-2 meters, horizontal, fine column, brown. When the leaves are young, they are heart-shaped, non-porous, pinnately split when they grow up, and there are perforations, leathery and drooping between the veins of the leaves. Propagation technology: the tortoise back bamboo is propagated by striping and cutting. The striping was carried out from May to August, and the mother plant could be cut off after about 3 months. The cuttage was carried out from April to May. The scion was cut from the apex of the stem node, with 2-3 stem nodes in each segment, the aerial root was removed, and the leaves were cut into the sand bed to maintain a certain temperature and humidity, and then moved into the bowl after rooting. Management technology: potted turtle back bamboo, rotten leaf soil is the best. During the growth period, sufficient water should be left along the mouth with a depth of 5 to 6 centimeters when potting and changing pots, and the cultivation soil should always be kept moist, watering once every 2 to 3 days; when the weather is dry, water should also be sprayed to the leaves to keep the air moist and master the watering principle that it is better to be wet than dry, so as to facilitate the growth of branches and leaves and bright leaves. The amount of water can be gradually reduced in autumn and winter. Excessive watering causes rotten roots, but it is still necessary to maintain moist air and spray water on the leaves every 7 to 10 days to keep the plants and leaves fresh and evergreen. Tortoise back bamboo is more fond of fertilizer. In order to make it grow vigorously, dilute liquid fertilizer was applied twice a month from April to September. Pay attention to shading in the growing season, semi-overcast is better, avoid strong light, especially in midsummer can not be placed in the sun, otherwise it is easy to cause leaf scorch and burn, affecting the ornamental value. Large potted plant with a 1.3-1.5-meter stick, inserted in the basin, planted on the tortoise back bamboo, a lodging prevention, two attached columns to grow luxuriantly. Or cut the stem too high to propagate and let the mother plant sprout new stems and leaves again. It should be kept indoors above 10 ℃ in winter, but keep the temperature above 5 ℃ at least, otherwise the leaves will freeze and scorch, and the basin soil should be dry. Brown spot and anthracnose often occur during the growing period of tortoise back bamboo, which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate and 75% chlorothalonil, or 50% carbendazim 800 times. Due to poor ventilation in summer and winter, shell insects and Noctuidae larvae often suck juice and eat tender leaves on the back of the stem, which can be caught or brushed manually. It is best to use 1500 times of omethoate EC or 2000 times of isocarbophos EC, or 40% EC 1500 times to spray tortoise back bamboo is a shade-tolerant foliage plant. Generally speaking, it can be kept indoors for long-term maintenance, but during the growing period, it is best to place it in a ventilated place near the window. To receive outdoor air and light. In the summer and autumn growth season, such as poor ventilation, its growth will be affected, the new leaves are thinner, light and no light, reducing the appreciation value. Raising turtles and carrying bamboo at home can purify the air to a certain extent. Commonly used small and medium-sized pot planting, in the indoor living room, bedroom and study, can also be large pot cultivation, placed in hotels, restaurants, halls and indoor, or under the garden pool and trees, quite tropical scenery. Leaves can also be used as flower arranging wood. Tortoise back bamboo, which is widely introduced and cultivated in China, is a famous indoor potted foliage plant. Tortoise back bamboo is famous for its shade resistance, suitable for indoor living room, aisle decoration and embellishment. The south is mostly in the courtyard, scattered in the park pool, stream ditch, rock side and stone gap. Tortoise back bamboo leaves on the holes and missing carvings, there are virtual and real, novel and interesting, gas root hanging in the basin mouth, simple and elegant.

Fruit vine is also known as star pineapple. Perennial epiphytic herbs. The height of the potted plant is about 30 cm, and the crown width can reach 80 cm. The leaves are arranged in a slightly loose rosette. The flowers are often more than 20 centimeters higher than the leaves, and the leaves at the base of the flowers, bracts and flowers are all red and very gorgeous; there are yellow florets between the bracts; the florescence is spring; although the real flowers bloom for a short time, but the colored flowers and bracts are kept for a long time, and the ornamental period is about 2 months. It is suitable for cultivation under the condition of bright scattered light indoors, and can be enjoyed by the bright window for years. If the light is too dark, it is not easy to blossom. There are "Red Star" fruit vine, "torch" fruit vine, "Dennis" fruit vine. Temperature: the normal growth temperature is above 20 ℃ in daytime and above 15 ℃ at night, the temperature during flowering is 25-30 ℃, and the lowest overwintering temperature is above 10 ℃. Light: like bright light. Avoid direct sunlight in summer, shading about 50%, not shading in winter. Moisture: always keep water in the blade tube and change it once a week; watering when the surface of the basin soil is 1cm dry; irrigate with soft water or Rain Water. Air humidity: often spray water to the leaves and around the plant, you can spray fertilizer to the leaves. Change the basin: if there is no ramet propagation after flowering, change the basin when the pillar grows to be very dense. Reproduction: when the tiller buds at the base are more than 10 cm high, cut them off from the base and slightly dry the wound with a pot of peat soil without fertilizer. Keep the tide, it can take root in a month or so.

Hawaiian coconut Chevrolet coconut bamboo stem exquisite coconut [family] wax palm subfamily Kan palm genus [origin] tropical regions such as Mexico and Guatemala like high temperature, high humidity, shade tolerance and fear of direct sunlight It is suitable to use sandy loam with loose, ventilated, permeable and humus-rich sandy loam [temperature and environment] when potted at 2 degrees Celsius for a short time. This kind of sandy loam [temperature and environment] likes high temperature and high humidity environment, and the optimum growth temperature is 20 degrees. It can grow normally when the temperature is above 10 degrees in winter, and it can also withstand the low temperature of 0 degrees for a short time. It has strong negative resistance and can grow in a dark indoor environment for a long time. But bright scattered light is good for growth. To avoid direct light, otherwise the leaf color becomes light or yellowing [watering and fertilization] during the growing period, it is required to keep the basin soil moist, and foliar spraying should be carried out frequently when the air is dry, so as to improve the air humidity of the environment, benefit plant growth, and keep the leaf surface thick green and glossy; properly reduce watering in late autumn and winter to keep the basin soil moist, so as to enhance the plant's ability to resist cold and survive the winter. From March to October, liquid fertilizer or granular compound fertilizer is applied every two weeks to promote leaf growth and leaf color dark green [pest control] this species may have brown spot and downy mildew under high temperature and high humidity. This species can be sprayed with 1000 times liquid of carbendazim or topazine to control [economic value] this species has bamboo-like stems, dense branches and leaves, dark green leaves, shiny and elegant pinnae. Give people a sense of beauty of being upright, elegant, light and elegant. Because of its strong negative tolerance, it is very suitable for courtyard greening and indoor potted plants.

Lvyuanbao original name: chestnut tree alias: Australian chestnut, Lvyuanbao, pistachio scientific name: Castanospermum australe name: it is called Lvyuanbao because its seeds are similar to the shape of Yuanbao, so it is used for good luck. Distribution: originated in Australia: one said: butterfly family another said: Leguminosae chestnut tree type: belongs to the middle tree, odd pinnately compound leaves, leaflets alternate, lanceolate long oval, about 8cm long, entire, leathery. The pod is 20 centimeters long, and the seed (that is, Lvyuanbao) is oval, as big as an egg, and can be baked. Uses: the young chestnut tree can be used as a small potted plant, as an indoor plant; the adult plant can grow to more than 12 meters, suitable for garden ornamental plants or street trees. Sunshine: young plants are shade-tolerant, sunshine is about 50-70%; adult sunshine must be adequately managed: sexual preference for high temperature, the most suitable temperature for growth is 22-30 degrees. The ornamental focus of chestnut seedlings is on the bulbs at the inflated base and the buds that grow, so keep them clean and shiny, be careful of mud splashing when watering every day, and keep the surface in the basin smooth. Moisture: suitable for growing in loose and fertile loam or sandy loam with good drainage. Avoid long-term humidity in winter. Fertilization: fertilizing once every 2 to 3 months during the growing period: propagation by sowing, spring and autumn are the most suitable

Cyclamen cyclamen: also known as rabbit ear flower, radish begonia, etc., scientific name Cyclamen Persicum, Primulaceae cyclamen belongs to perennial herbs, unique flower shape. Leaves from the top of the tuber, heart-shaped, ovate or reniform, leaf margin serrulate, leaf surface green, with white or gray halo spots, green or purple back, petiole long, reddish brown, fleshy. The flower is solitary on the top of the flower stem, with drooping petals and upward curling petals, especially rabbit ears; the flowers are white, pink, rose, scarlet, purple, snow cyan and other colors, often with deep red spots at the base; the petal edges are diverse, with full margin, lack of engraving, wrinkles and waves. Cyclamen originated in southern Europe, the Mediterranean coast and other places. Sex likes a warm, humid, cool and soft light environment. The suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, not resistant to cold, afraid of high temperature and hot sun. It is suitable for slightly acidic sandy loam with smooth drainage and rich humus. Cyclamen is a light-loving flower, and winter and spring is the blooming period of exuberant flowers. in order to make the buds flourish, give sufficient sunshine in the bud stage, place in the sunny place indoors, and apply phosphate fertilizer every other week. It is best to apply 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer (containing zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese, magnesium, copper, iron, sulfur and other trace elements) solution, with a dosage of about 150 milliliters per pot. Usually every one or two days watering, so that the basin soil moist, must not pour water, master basin soil to see dry watering. However, do not basin soil too dry, too dry will make root hair injury and wilting of the upper part of the plant, pouring water is also difficult to recover. When watering, the water temperature should be close to the room temperature. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied during flowering, otherwise it will cause branches and leaves to grow and shorten the life of flowers. If the leaves are too dense, they can be properly sparse so that nutrients are concentrated and flowers bloom. When picking leaves or residual flowers, in order to prevent the infection of soft rot, 1000 times carbendazim should be sprayed immediately. When cyclamen begins to blossom and continues to form buds, the room temperature should be kept at 15 ℃ to 18 ℃, and the lowest temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃. The flowering period should be shortened when the temperature is too high, and the leaves will turn yellow when it exceeds 28 ℃. Never put the flowerpot on the radiator.

Umbrella tree, also known as Queensland umbrella tree, Queensland shade tree, Australian duck foot tree, commonly known as wealth tree, is a woody foliage plant of the genus Araliaceae. The umbrella tree is a shrub with erect stems, less branched stems, green primary branches, and then gradually Lignification; the epidermis is brown and smooth. The leaves are palmately compound, and the number of leaflets varies greatly with growth, 5 in childhood and 12 in 9, up to 16. Leaflets long-elliptic, apex obtuse, with short process tip, base obtuse; leaf margin undulate, leathery; densely stellate pubescent when young, clean glabrous when slightly larger, leaves 15 ~ 25 cm long and 5 ~ 10 cm wide, dense and glossy, light green back, petiole reddish brown. Umbels, terminal florets, white, flowering in spring, but potted plants rarely bloom. The umbrella tree is native to Australia and some small islands in the Pacific Ocean, and is distributed in the tropical areas of southern China. Suitable for growing in a warm, humid and well-ventilated environment, Xiyang is also resistant to shade, and grows well in loose, fertile and well-drained soil. Umbrella trees can be propagated by sowing and cutting. When sowing, it is best to sow the seeds immediately after harvest, so that the germination rate is high. Cuttings can be cut in spring, summer and autumn, and general cuttings are combined with shaping. The irregular plants are cut off from 10m ~ 15cm away from the soil surface, so that the mother branches can sprout several branches and cultivate a good tree shape. The cut semi-lignified branches were cut to grow the stem segments of 8mi 10cm and 2Mel 3 outer segments, and then cut into the cuttings cultured in river sand or perlite to maintain a certain substrate humidity and air humidity, and pay attention to shading. Usually it can take root in a month or so. High pressure propagation can also be used for thick branches with a high degree of Lignification. The pot cultivation of umbrella tree can use the mixture of garden soil and rotten leaf soil as the substrate. 3Mel October is its vigorous growth period, the growth is large, generally apply fertilizer once a month, at the same time keep the soil moist, ensure sufficient moisture, and often carry out foliar spray to avoid air dryness and leaf chlorosis. Avoid direct sunlight in summer, pay attention to proper shade, generally 30% shade 40%, in order to avoid hot sun exposure and leaves lose luster or burn, yellow. Indoor furnishings should be placed in a place with diffuse light and pay attention to ventilation. At the end of autumn and winter, the amount of water should be reduced and the amount of fertilizer should be controlled; foliar fertilizer such as 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed at the end of autumn to promote the aging of branches and leaves and improve the cold resistance in winter. Anthracnose or shell insects and red spiders will occur in greenhouses and rooms under the conditions of high temperature, humidity and poor ventilation, which should be observed and prevented in time. Umbrella tree leaves are broad, soft and drooping, similar to umbrella-shaped; branches and leaves are layered, elegant, light and not thin, very layered, so it has been widely cultivated in various provinces and regions of our country in recent years. The umbrella tree is shade-resistant, convenient for management and maintenance, and can be placed continuously indoors for a long time. It is an excellent medium-and large-scale foliage plant suitable for decoration in hotels, meeting rooms, living rooms, corridors and other places. It is also an ideal ornamental plant for family living room, study, bedroom corner and so on.

Vinca major alias: twining Catharanthus roseus, Catharanthus roseus Genus: Apocynaceae, Catharanthus roseus originated from the Mediterranean coast, India, tropical America. It is cultivated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Taiwan. Evergreen trailing subshrubs, tufted. Nutritious stems lie down or lie flat on the ground. Flowering branches erect, 30 murmurs 40 cm high. Leaves opposite, elliptic, apex acute, green and glossy; petiole on flowering branches short. The whole plant is glabrous except for hairy leaf margin, petiole, calyx and Corolla throat. Flowers solitary in axils of flowering branches and leaves, Corolla salverform, blue, 5-lobed. The twins are erect. Flowering period: 4m / m-May. The cultivated variety Variegata has a slightly smaller leaf shape and yellow markings. Changchun vine prefers a warm, humid, semi-overcast and well-ventilated environment. It has strong adaptability and rapid growth, and the growth peak is from June to August and October every year. The requirement of light is not strict, especially in semi-overcast environment. Changchun vine is commonly used for cutting and ramet propagation. It can be propagated in spring, summer and autumn, and it is easy to survive. When cutting, cut 3 mi 4 semi-lignified stems as cuttings. As the root buds grow from the nodes, there must be 1 Mel and 2 sections buried in the river sand, compacted and pat, and watered and moisturized in time. Generally, it can take root and sprout after 1 Mel for 2 weeks. When the plant grows to 20ml / 30cm, it can be transplanted and planted. Transplantation can be carried out all year round except in cold winter. In addition, the dense tufted plants can be cut along the rhizome and propagated in the growing season. Changchun vine cultivation requires loose, humus-rich sandy loam, pot cultivation can use rotten leaf soil garden, river-sand mixture as the substrate. More than one plant can be planted in each pot at the same time, and the heart can be picked out at the right time, which can be formed quickly. In order to promote multi-branching, coring can be carried out many times in the growing season, and the adventitious roots can be grown by piling soil at the nodes to promote the growth of vines. Because of its rapid growth, it should be fully watered during the growing period, and liquid fertilizer should be applied three times a month to ensure the rapid growth of branches and bright green leaves. It is suitable for brightly lit environments. But in midsummer to avoid direct light, so as not to burn leaves; must be properly shaded, semi-overcast environment is the best. Although Changchun vines prefer warmth, they are also cold-resistant, and can withstand low temperatures of about 0 ℃ in winter. Changchun vine is an excellent ground cover plant material, which can be planted on the edge of the forest or under the forest, especially suitable for planting in building bases and slopes, which is beneficial to soil and water conservation.