How is the rose grafted? Introduction to grafting techniques of three kinds of Chinese rose

The grafting survival rate of rose is greatly affected by the grafting period, and the best grafting period is from early September to mid-October, and the survival rate is the highest. The best temperature for grafting is between 18 ℃ and 25 mol, and grafting should be done when there is no rain in sunny days. For the grafting of rose, the survival rate of different grafting methods is very different. The survival rate of embedded bud grafting is the highest, and the mature and full branches should be selected as buds in this method. When grafting, the position of the bud is slightly larger than that of the bud slice. After inserting the bud piece, it should be noted that the upper end of the bud piece must expose a wide and narrow rootstock cortex to prevent the new callus from pushing out the bud piece. The film should be tied loosely and tightly, not only to prevent the bud from moving internally, but also to avoid being too tight and affecting the rise of moisture, thus affecting survival. Four weeks after grafting, if the bud is green, the petiole falls immediately, and the callus grows full of bud position, it is necessary to unbind and cut the anvil. Unbinding is best done when there is no rain on cloudy days, preferably in the afternoon. One week after unbinding, the buds are still green and the anvil can be cut. The cutting stock should be at the 15cm above the bud position, and then cut the anvil for the second time after the bud is pulled out, this time the cutting stock should be at the 1cm above the bud. After cutting the rootstock, the leaf buds are drawn out one after another, and should be removed in time, so as not to consume nutrients and affect the growth of buds.

After budding, attention should be paid to the management of fertilizer and water and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, especially to the control of downy mildew and aphids, and reasonable shaping and pruning should be carried out according to the needs.

According to the current production practice and the mainstream methods of rose grafting, rose grafting can be divided into three methods: wooden bud grafting, T-shaped bud grafting and wide-open bud grafting.

1. Wood embedded bud grafting

With wood embedded bud grafting: use an one-sided safety blade on the sunny side of the rootstock 4 to 6 cm from the ground, and cut a shield-shaped incision 1 to 2 cm long at an oblique angle of 30 °to 40 °.

Then use the same method, the same size to select full buds on the panicle.

Embedded on the cut of the cut rootstock, use a white plastic belt with moderate elasticity and width to press the edge of the ring from bottom to top and bind it firmly, loose and tight moderately.

2. T-shaped budding

T-shaped bud grafting is also a popular method of rose grafting at present.

Use a short-edged vertical knife to cut across the unbranched sunny side of the rootstock 4 to 6 centimeters from the ground, about 5 to 8 millimeters wide, its depth rigid and xylem, and then cut vertically in the middle of the transverse incision, about 1.5 to 2 centimeters long, so that the cortex forms a T-shaped opening.

Cut the ear strips from the mother plant, remove the leaves and leave the petiole, choose a full and full bud, cut a knife about 0.5 cm above it and cut it into the xylem about 3 mm. Then use the knife from about 0.5 cm below the bud and the xylem upward to the incision above the bud. The cortex of the T-shaped incision of the rootstock is cut open with a knife, and the buds are implanted into the incision. after implantation, fine-tuning should be made to align the transverse incision of the bud with the transverse incision of the rootstock without exposing the cambium of the rootstock.

After the grafting bud is put, it must be bound with plastic tape, and the grafting bud must be exposed when binding, although this method is tedious and time-consuming, but after skillful operation, the grafting can be completed within one minute, and the survival rate of grafting is very high, and the survival quality is excellent.

3. Wide open door budding

Use a short-edged vertical knife to cut horizontally with a short-edged vertical knife on the smooth, unbranched sunny side of the rootstock 4 to 6 centimeters above the ground, and then cut 1.5 to 2 centimeters longitudinally at one end of the transverse notch, and then cut another knife as it is at the other end of the transverse incision. The depth of both knives is just as deep as the xylem, and then make a transverse cut about 0.5 cm below the transverse incision, and remove a small piece of square cortex to expose the xylem with a knife, and then lift it with a knife.

Remove the leaf and leave the petiole, select the full bud, cut a knife about 0.3 cm above the bud with a knife, then cut down 1.5 to 2 cm longitudinally at one end of the quasi-transverse incision, and then cut longitudinally at the other end of the transverse notch as it is, and then cross-cut at two longitudinal incisions to form a rectangular bud with budding four-knife depth and xylem.

Lift the skin of the rootstock with a knife or hand to quickly implant the buds and fine-tune them. The two transverse incisions of the rootstock were tied with plastic tape, and the rootstock cambium was grafted appropriately, the contact area of the cambium of the rootstock was large and the supply was rapid. The survival rate and survival quality of rootless rootstock grafting in summer or winter can be greatly improved, and the cutting density of grafted cuttings is thinner than that of common rose cuttings. When cutting, the cuttings are all tilted to the north by 70 °, and the buds are facing toward the sun. The plant spacing is 5 cm × 5 cm, and the cutting depth is about 3 cm.

Explanation of grafting technique of Chinese rose

Rose grafting is one of the most widely used methods in breeding rose. Grafting belongs to the category of asexual reproduction, which combines the parts of two plants into a whole and continues to grow like a plant. In the grafting combination, the upper part is called the scion and the part that bears the scion is called the rootstock. Some rose varieties are small in number and attractive in color, while the root system of self-rooted seedlings is weak and the growth is very slow. Grafting with strong rootstocks makes these rose varieties grow strong and enhance disease resistance.

Grafting can also truly reflect the various characters of the original variety, and its heredity and stability are very strong. Through practical observation, it takes only 23 days for the plants formed by growth and development after grafting to bloom the first flower, some plants can blossom 1-2 days earlier, and most grafted plants usually take about 40-45 days to blossom. Thus it can be seen that grafting can advance the flowering time compared with cutting.

Take the Beijing area as an example: on June 15, grafting and cutting on the same day, about 20% of the grafted plants could blossom around July 25, while the cuttings blossomed about 10% around September 20 or even later. It can be seen that the advantage of grafting is very strong. Of course, the operation of grafting propagation is complex, and the technical requirements are higher. The specific problems of grafting reproduction are described one by one below.

I. factors affecting the survival of grafting

1. Selection of rootstocks:

The grafting of rose must first choose a suitable grafting rootstock. Rootstock not only undertakes the role of mechanical support, absorption and transport of water and nutrients, but also controls the function of plant absorption of organic matter, the manufacture of a variety of enzymes and the storage of nutrients. it has a great influence on the characteristics of stem, leaf, flower and fruit in the upper part of the plant. Of course, scion in turn plays an important role in the root growth and development of rootstocks. Various experiments have proved that the quality of rootstocks is one of the important factors related to the production of ideal rose grafted seedlings. The rootstocks commonly used now are rose and its varieties, such as' pink 'rose,' Maniti 'rose, Dutch rose and Japanese thornless rose and so on. These rose species have developed root system, cold resistance, drought resistance, strong affinity for the varieties and stable heredity.

two。 Grafting affinity between rootstock and scion:

Grafting affinity refers to the similarity of tissue structure, genetic and physiological characteristics between rootstock and scion. Grafting can promote plant healing and survival and physiological adaptation after survival. The expression of weak affinity and strong affinity is complicated. Generally speaking, the closer the kinship, the stronger the affinity. The affinity between the same species or the same species is the strongest. The grafting affinity between different species of the same genus varies from species to species.

3. Both cambium of rootstock and panicle:

There must be a large area of close contact between the cambium of rootstock and scion, which is one of the factors for the survival of grafting. Theoretically, it is the most ideal grafting effect to match the cambium of rootstock and scion completely, but it is difficult to do so in practice, just to reach the maximum area of contact.

4. Temperature, moisture and oxygen conditions during grafting:

Temperature is a necessary condition for cell activity, and only cell activity, including cell division, can promote the growth of scions.

Usually, different varieties of rose can make the cells grow rapidly in the temperature range of 13 ℃ to 32 ℃. Outdoor grafting should choose the period of the year with the above temperature and the cambium is in exuberant activity. This condition generally occurs in spring, early summer and September and October. The calli grown from the cambium are composed of thin-walled and full cells, which are easy to lose water and dry out and make the scion dry and die. Therefore, the joint must be tightly bound to keep the tissue hydrated. The rapid division of cells in the healing tissue is often accompanied by breathing, and oxygen is indispensable. Therefore, the use of plastic tape binding joint has the dual effect of retaining water and promoting respiration.

5. Quality of rootstock and scion:

According to the growth law of rootstocks and the comparison of cuttage seedlings and seedlings, one-year-old seedlings are selected as rootstocks for rose grafting because of its developed root system, strong disease resistance, smooth main stem and moderate thickness. Of course, the use of cutting seedlings for grafting also has its advantages, such as short cutting time, easy rooting and so on.

2. Grafting technique

1. Disinfection of cutting tools before grafting: when grafting, it is necessary to ensure that the cutting surface of the rootstock must be flat while ensuring the alignment of the rootstock layer. The binding action should be nimble and quick to avoid oxidation and discoloration of the cut surface.

two。 Selection and storage of scions: the selection of rose scions is directly related to the survival quality of seedlings and the formation of robust grafted plants. The stored scion can be grafted at any time, eliminating the trouble of picking, saving a lot of time and grafting at any time. The selection and storage of scions should pay attention to the following points:

(1) the panicle must be healthy and free from diseases and insect pests, but it is not advisable if there is powdery mildew, black spot or red spider.

(2) generally speaking, one-year-old or less-than-one-year-old post-flowering panicle strips can be used as panicle strips from the second axillary bud below the bract. Flower branches vary in length, 150 cm in length and 10 cm in short. the number of buds is different. sometimes the fullness and fullness of buds on the same spike are different, so buds should be selected. Generally speaking, the bud taken from the middle part of the ear branch is the most suitable for grafting and the survival rate is the best.

(3) the scion can be stored at any time of the year as long as there are full buds. Of course, it should be refrigerated in summer and sand in winter. The time of cold storage and sand storage should not be too long. In general, the number of scions in cold storage and sand storage should be roughly equal to the number of rootstocks. Or determine the amount of refrigeration or sand storage at the rate of grafting. The premise of cold storage and sand storage is that it must be properly moisturized and insulated, and only proper moisturizing and heat preservation can maintain the normal physiological activities of panicle strips. Practice has proved that scientific cold storage and sand storage are beneficial to the survival rate and survival quality of grafting.

III. Grafting period

According to the growth habit and growth law of rose, grafting can be carried out at any time of the year, but the specific situation should be analyzed in detail. The survival rate of grafting decreased relatively when the air temperature was more than 33 ℃, and the grafted plants were dormant when the temperature was lower than 5 ℃, so it was suitable to use winter dormancy period for grafting.

4. Grafting method

According to the current production practice and the mainstream methods of rose grafting, rose grafting can be divided into woody bud grafting, T-shaped bud grafting, wide-door bud grafting and rootless rootstock grafting.

1. With wood embedded bud grafting:

(1) use a single-sided safety blade on the sunny side of the rootstock 4 to 6 cm from the ground and cut a shield-shaped incision 1 to 2 cm long at an oblique angle of 30 °to 40 °. Then use the same method, the same size on the ear to select full buds embedded in the cut rootstock cut, with elasticity and moderate width of the white plastic belt from the bottom to the top ring edge binding firm, loose and tight.

(2) when embedding the buds into the incision, the cambium should be aligned as much as possible so that the xylem of the rootstock is not exposed. The operation of this method is simple and fast, and the survival rate is high, but the technical requirements are high, so it is necessary to master the technique of one-time anastomosis of rootstocks and scions.

2. T-shaped bud grafting: t-shaped bud grafting is also a popular method of rose grafting at present.

(1) use a short-edged vertical knife to cut across the unbranched sunny side of the rootstock 4 to 6 cm from the ground, about 5 to 8 mm wide, with a depth of rigid and xylem, and then cut vertically in the middle of the transverse incision, about 1.5 to 2 cm long, to form a T-shaped opening in the cortex.

(2) cut the ear strips from the mother plant, remove the leaves and leave the petiole, choose a full and full bud, cut a knife about 0.5 cm above it and cut it into the xylem about 3 mm. Then use the knife from about 0.5 cm below the bud and the xylem upward to the incision above the bud.

(3) pick the cortex of the T-shaped incision of the rootstock with a knife, implant the bud into the incision, fine-tune after implantation, align the transverse incision of the bud with the transverse incision of the rootstock and can not expose the rootstock cambium, one-time placement is the most ideal. After the bud is put, it is bound with plastic tape, and the bud must be exposed when it is bound. Although this method is tedious and time-consuming, the grafting of one plant can be completed within one minute after skilled operation, and the survival rate of grafting is very high and the survival quality is excellent.

The grafting time of rose and the course of grafting propagation technique of rose

Grafting is a method often used to breed rose, but for beginners to propagate rose by adding grafting at the beginning, the operation is unreasonable, which will lead to low survival rate of grafted rose, of course, the grafting operation is proper, the survival rate of rose is also good, the following detailed analysis of rose grafting steps, hope to be helpful to new fans of rose.

Grafting time of rose

The grafting time of rose is generally better in mid-March, early-mid-July and mid-late September.

Rose grafting technique course 1. Tools for preparation

Grafting knife, pruning knife, glove, tape, pencil, label, scion, rootstock (generally speaking, rootstock can choose wild rose, or rose). There are many tools, in fact, a simple point of a razor blade, a beauty knife is enough.

2. Treatment of rootstocks

A, according to experience, if the rootstock needs to be dug in the wild, the rootstock can generally be stored for 2-3 days, and if the rootstock has well-developed roots, it can be divided into two parts. The position of the finger is a place that can be divided.

B, once unfortunately encountered root nodule, it should be completely abandoned, can not just cut off the root nodule part to continue to use.

C. Cut off 2-3 cm above the root system. Show no mercy even if there are new buds on the branches.

3. The treatment of Euphorbia spp.

A. Cut off the thorns with scissors.

B. Determine the upper and lower direction of the scion according to the bud points and leaf traces. The bud point is on the top and the leaf mark is on the bottom, which is an important way to distinguish the reverse order of the scion.

C, cut the scion in the following way, cut 1-1.3 cm longitudinally, whichever is exposed, do not cut too deep. After cutting, put the spare scion on a plate filled with water to avoid drying.

4. The second treatment of rootstock

Longitudinally cut rootstocks, you must be careful when cutting, do not cut to the hand, and control the strength, not too hard to cut to the end.

5. The rootstock is inserted into the scion incision.

The scion and the rootstock must be well combined, or the grafting will fail due to nutrient supply, and the scion can be allowed to deviate up to 3 mm from the rootstock.

6. Entanglement, marking, transplantation

A. It is best to use grafting tape rather than duct tape. Wrap it firmly from the bottom up, avoid slipping and dislocation, and wrap it with tape.

B. If it cannot be transplanted immediately, it should be stored with wet newspapers to avoid drying. Do not use chemical fertilizer and keep the soil at the root clean.

7. Grafting and planting of rose

After planting, you can store it in a greenhouse, or use plastic bags to make a simple greenhouse and store it in a sunny place. Keep the temperature above 10 degrees.

In about 7-10 days, we will see the buds gradually expand. If the temperature is 5-6 degrees, it takes about 1 month for the bud to grow. After this time, the branches of the scion wrinkled and blackened, which indicated that the grafting failed. When the leaves are stretched, be careful not to have too much moisture in the insulation bag. The greenhouse maintains a certain degree of humidity and temperature. After March, with the rise of the temperature, the bag can be fully opened, but to prevent frost sooner or later, a certain amount of liquid fertilizer can be applied after the seedlings are stable.