The characteristics of Wenzhou bonsai: the styling style and production techniques of Wenzhou bonsai

1. High-stem combined planting is the main form of bonsai modeling of Wenzhou five-needle pine.

The high dry combination of five-needle pine bonsai is the development of the traditional form of Zhejiang bonsai. Gao Gan also embodies the style and spirit of pine trees, which is rebellious to the regular bonsai's pursuit of curve flexibility.

The selection of modeling style, the material with this condition plays an important role. Wenzhou five-needle pine bonsai material is cultivated according to the requirements of regular green seedlings after grafting, but it is not cultivated according to the requirements of regular bonsai from an early age, so it is generally said that the trunk lines are basically straight. According to the modeling principle of applying art in accordance with their aptitude, the result of modeling can only be direct. This kind of straight-dried, high-dry five-needle pine is more suitable for the co-planting of two or three trees to show the group beauty of trees.

two。 Bonsai trees all pay attention to the complete coordination of roots, stems and branches, cooperate with tacit understanding, pay attention to the beauty of lines, and pursue the overall artistic effect.

The principle of Wenzhou tree bonsai in dealing with the beauty of branch lines is to make all kinds of different segments of hard lines and soft lines, long lines and short lines, thick and thin lines, hard and soft angles can stretch naturally and coordinate moderately, organically organized in a line, slightly irregular change and development, to achieve the best posture of "strong and soft, mainly rigid" line modeling. For the co-planted works, we pay great attention to the selection of materials and the handling of the contradictory relations of change and unity, such as primary and secondary, density, gathering and dispersion, sequence, concealment, concession and so on.

For the bonsai trees enjoyed alone, the modeling strives for the complete balance of the trees themselves, without adding other materials.

3. Emphasize rhythm, stress momentum, and pay attention to beauty

In principle, the arrangement of the branches of bonsai trees is dense at the top and sparse at the bottom, short at the top and long at the bottom, and thin at the top and thick at the bottom for the thickness of the branches. The outer outline of the crown, which is shown by the whole of all the branches, is a undulating, rhythmic and rhythmic curve on the basis of unequilateral triangles. Pay attention to the beauty of space, that is, when dealing with the relationship between branches and branches, branches and stems, pay attention to leave a certain volume of space, so that the work will not be too congested, so that the rhythm of the crown curve is more varied. The momentum and strength of Wenzhou bonsai are mainly reflected in the treatment of the relationship between stems and branches or branches. That is, we do not wait for the coordination between the two waistlines of the side triangle and the trunk. The angle between the extension of the branch and the trunk, taking five-needle pine molding as an example, is generally about 45 °. The sagging angle of the first branch in the lower part is relatively large, while the sagging degree of the upper branch can be slightly smaller. The whole tree has a rigorous structure and strives for the work to be majestic and upright. Its branches and leaves are trimmed more beautiful, and farsightedness is also tolerant of close sight, without losing its chic elegance.

4. Development of miscellaneous wood bonsai in Wenzhou

This has only happened in the past seven or eight years, and the sources of materials are all native tree species in the region. Small-leaf banyan is a tree in Wenzhou, and old big trees can be seen everywhere. In recent years, banyan and Fujian tea introduced from Fujian are also very popular.

Wenzhou still retains the traditional requirements and aesthetic standards for the selection of miscellaneous wood in the backbone. The treatment of branches is contrary to the traditional hanging method and absorbs the pruning method of Lingnan, forming another unique style of Wenzhou bonsai.

Most of the miscellaneous wood species are resistant to pruning and easy to germinate, because the climatic conditions of Wenzhou are closer to Lingnan, compared with the pruning method, which enriches the content of Wenzhou bonsai in style.

5. Production technique

The shape of pine bonsai is mainly hanging, combined with pruning. Because the germination and growth of pine plants have extremely obvious seasonality and stages, and do not have the characteristics of resistance to pruning and easy germination like miscellaneous trees, so in addition to pruning or shrinking those branches, it is necessary to tie up and shape other useful branches. Hanging means pulling, and tying means twining and tying. When the winding and binding is not effective, it will be fixed by the method of pulling and hanging.

Generally speaking, only the shearing method is used for the trunk modeling of pine material, and the upper part of the trunk which is lack of change and low expressive force is cut short. If the height of the trunk is found to be enough, the uppermost branch of the trunk can be used to replace the top tip of the trunk. If the trunk or thick branch modeling needs to change the extension direction, it can only be protected by protective materials such as hemp skin and thick wire, and then with the help of external force, it is forcibly pulled and fixed, but not by strong torsion.

Stems or branches grow in a straight line without external resistance. Therefore, in the formation of the type, when the branch part needs to be changed directly, there is usually a section of branch left, and then made into a divine branch.

Buds are the branches and leaves of the future. When modeling, too long buds should be cut short in time. In the maintenance and management from April to May every year, it is necessary to control the bud, leaving only 3-5 bundles of leaves on the first bud. Because the bud is divided into primary and secondary people, it is necessary to control its growth for more than 2 times. This is an important work that can not be ignored in the process of formation and maintenance of five-needle pine bonsai.

Twisting tendons and turning bones is a natural phenomenon when cypress trees reach a certain age, and only the materials taken from the mountains have the phenomenon of twisting tendons and turning bones. If the material is drawn from the nursery, it is necessary to twist the tendon and turn the epiphysis of the material from childhood to epiphyseal culture, and then the ground cultivation can be effective.

The branch treatment of cypress bonsai is similar to that of five-needle pine. However, because cypress trees are fond of fertilizer and water, and keep growing in a suitable temperature period, during the maintenance process after molding, first, the tender leaves outside the branches should be removed frequently and in time to promote luxuriant branches; second, because of the rapid growth of branches and leaves, a branch will soon become a lump, depending on the specific situation, reshaping every other period of time (two or three years). In view of this, the modeling technique of cypress bonsai is also dominated by hanging, supplemented by pruning.

Wenzhou area landscape bonsai is still in the initial stage, its development seems to have to wait for the opportunity.

Modeling style and production techniques of Wenzhou bonsai

Flower bonsai network guide: today, the editor of Flower Bonsai Network will share an article about Wenzhou bonsai styling style and production techniques. Let's take a look!

1. High dry co-planting is the main form of bonsai modeling of Wenzhou five-needle pine.

The high dry combination of five-needle pine bonsai is the development of the traditional form of Zhejiang bonsai. Gao Gan also embodies the style and spirit of pine trees, which is rebellious to the regular bonsai's pursuit of curve flexibility.

The selection of modeling style, the material with this condition plays an important role. Wenzhou five-needle pine bonsai material is cultivated according to the requirements of regular green seedlings after grafting, but it is not cultivated according to the requirements of regular bonsai from an early age, so it is generally said that the trunk lines are basically straight. According to the modeling principle of applying art in accordance with their aptitude, the result of modeling can only be direct. This kind of straight-dried, high-dry five-needle pine is more suitable for the co-planting of two or three trees to show the group beauty of trees.

2. Bonsai trees pay attention to the complete coordination of roots, stems and branches, cooperate with tacit understanding, pay attention to the beauty of lines, and pursue the overall artistic effect.

The principle of Wenzhou tree bonsai in dealing with the beauty of branch lines is to make all kinds of different segments of hard lines and soft lines, long lines and short lines, thick and thin lines, hard and soft angles can stretch naturally and coordinate moderately, organically organized in a line, slightly irregular change and development, to achieve the best posture of "strong and soft, mainly rigid" line modeling. For the co-planted works, we pay great attention to the selection of materials and the handling of the contradictory relations of change and unity, such as primary and secondary, density, gathering and dispersion, sequence, concealment, concession and so on.

For the bonsai trees enjoyed alone, the modeling strives for the complete balance of the trees themselves, without adding other materials.

3. Pay attention to rhythm, momentum and beauty.

In principle, the arrangement of the branches of bonsai trees is dense at the top and sparse at the bottom, short at the top and long at the bottom, and thin at the top and thick at the bottom for the thickness of the branches. The outer outline of the crown, which is shown by the whole of all the branches, is a undulating, rhythmic and rhythmic curve on the basis of unequilateral triangles. Pay attention to the beauty of space, that is, when dealing with the relationship between branches and branches, branches and stems, pay attention to leave a certain volume of space, so that the work will not be too congested, so that the rhythm of the crown curve is more varied.

The momentum and strength of Wenzhou bonsai are mainly reflected in the treatment of the relationship between stems and branches or branches. That is, we do not wait for the coordination between the two waistlines of the side triangle and the trunk. The angle between the extension of the branch and the trunk, taking five-needle pine molding as an example, is generally about 45 °. The sagging angle of the first branch in the lower part is relatively large, while the sagging degree of the upper branch can be slightly smaller. The whole tree has a rigorous structure and strives for the work to be majestic and upright. Its branches and leaves are trimmed more beautiful, and farsightedness is also tolerant of close sight, without losing its chic elegance.

4. The development of Wenzhou miscellaneous wood bonsai.

This has only happened in the past seven or eight years, and the sources of materials are all native tree species in the region. Small-leaf banyan is a tree in Wenzhou, and old big trees can be seen everywhere. In recent years, banyan and Fujian tea introduced from Fujian are also very popular.

Wenzhou still retains the traditional requirements and aesthetic standards for the selection of miscellaneous wood in the backbone. The treatment of branches is contrary to the traditional hanging method and absorbs the pruning method of Lingnan, forming another unique style of Wenzhou bonsai.

Most of the miscellaneous wood species are resistant to pruning and easy to germinate, because the climatic conditions of Wenzhou are closer to Lingnan, compared with the pruning method, which enriches the content of Wenzhou bonsai in style.

5. Production techniques

The shape of pine bonsai is mainly hanging, combined with pruning. Because the germination and growth of pine plants have extremely obvious seasonality and stages, and do not have the characteristics of resistance to pruning and easy germination like miscellaneous trees, so in addition to pruning or shrinking those branches, it is necessary to tie up and shape other useful branches. Hanging means pulling, and tying means twining and tying. When the winding and binding is not effective, it will be fixed by the method of pulling and hanging.

Generally speaking, only the shearing method is used for the trunk modeling of pine material, and the upper part of the trunk which is lack of change and low expressive force is cut short. If the height of the trunk is found to be enough, the uppermost branch of the trunk can be used to replace the top tip of the trunk. If the trunk or thick branch modeling needs to change the extension direction, it can only be protected by protective materials such as hemp skin and thick wire, and then with the help of external force, it is forcibly pulled and fixed, but not by strong torsion.

Stems or branches grow in a straight line without external resistance. Therefore, in the formation of the type, when the branch part needs to be changed directly, there is usually a section of branch left, and then made into a divine branch.

Buds are the branches and leaves of the future. When modeling, too long buds should be cut short in time. In the maintenance and management from April to May every year, it is necessary to control the bud, leaving only 3-5 bundles of leaves on the first bud. Because the bud is divided into primary and secondary people, it is necessary to control its growth for more than 2 times. This is an important work that can not be ignored in the process of formation and maintenance of five-needle pine bonsai.

Twisting tendons and turning bones is a natural phenomenon when cypress trees reach a certain age, and only the materials taken from the mountains have the phenomenon of twisting tendons and turning bones. If the material is drawn from the nursery, it is necessary to twist the tendon and turn the epiphysis of the material from childhood to epiphyseal culture, and then the ground cultivation can be effective.

The branch treatment of cypress bonsai is similar to that of five-needle pine. However, because cypress trees are fond of fertilizer and water, and keep growing in a suitable temperature period, during the maintenance process after molding, first, the tender leaves outside the branches should be removed frequently and in time to promote luxuriant branches; second, because of the rapid growth of branches and leaves, a branch will soon become a lump, depending on the specific situation, reshaping every other period of time (two or three years). In view of this, the modeling technique of cypress bonsai is also dominated by hanging, supplemented by pruning.

Wenzhou area landscape bonsai is still in the initial stage, its development seems to have to wait for the opportunity.

A brief History of Wenzhou Bonsai

Wenzhou is located in the southeast corner of Zhejiang Province, surrounded by mountains on three sides, the East China Sea to the east, and the Oujiang River running through the whole territory. It is located in 120o31miles east longitude and 28o01miles north latitude, belonging to the subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 17 ℃, annual precipitation of 1966 mm, frost-free period of 275 days, mild climate and abundant rainfall throughout the year, so it is known as "Wenzhou". According to a large number of cultural relics excavated at the construction site of Wencheng Shanxi Reservoir in recent years, the political, economic and cultural center of southern Zhejiang in Wenzhou confirmed that Wenzhou began to develop as early as the Shang Dynasty. Therefore, Wenzhou culture is called "ou Yue culture" in history, and Wenzhou enjoys the reputation of "famous town in Dongou". Because of Wenzhou's superior geography and climate, developed economy and culture, and rich bonsai plant resources, Wenzhou bonsai art is endowed with very favorable conditions. Wenzhou bonsai is a part of Zhejiang bonsai. The spiritual connotation and art form of Zhejiang bonsai can also be expressed in Wenzhou bonsai, but it also has some personality of Wenzhou bonsai itself. Wenzhou bonsai has a long history and has a long history. according to historical research, Wenzhou bonsai in the Southern Song Dynasty has been very developed, popular among the people, and has been very perfect in form and content. Wang Shipeng is a famous politician, litterateur and a lover of bonsai art. In his work "the Story of the Rock Pine", the bonsai presented by the folk at that time as a gift is described as follows: true, concrete and vivid. "there are savages with rock pines to Meixi, people of the opposite sex are clustered, rooted in fist stone, Mao is not alone, forest is not Joe, cypress juniper body and loose atmosphere, hiding towering spirit in the full grip." This paper reflects that the mosquito state bonsai at that time not only met the requirements in modeling, poetic realm, but also reflected a high technical level in cultivation and maintenance. The Story of Yansong is the earliest literature to describe stone-attached bonsai in the history of bonsai in China, and it has important academic research value. Moreover, the stone-attached bonsai described by it is roughly the same as the modern stone-attached bonsai, so it can be inferred that the history of Wenzhou bonsai should be long before the Southern Song Dynasty. Wang Shipeng wrote in a poem that "sea stone is really suitable for planting sea pine". In the Ming Dynasty, when Zhejiang people killed dragons in the book "Kao Fan Yu Shi" on bonsai, it was more clearly mentioned that "bonsai from ancient times to Tianmu pine is the most ancient and elegant". As for the modeling of pine trees, it is advocated that the famous pine painting masters in Song and Yuan dynasties should be used as a model of bonsai modeling. In the tree, it is even mentioned that the planting and allocation of pine trees are mostly in the form of "double pairing", "or planting three, five" and so on. This shows that pine is the traditional tree species of Wenzhou bonsai, and the modeling style of modern Wenzhou pine bonsai is based on historical tradition. On the outskirts of Wenzhou, there is a flower village-Chashan, which has planted bonsai flowers for generations. It was once known as one of the four major flower townships in Zhejiang. It has accumulated rich experience for urban greening and bonsai maintenance in Wenzhou, and has also trained a number of technical forces. The article "the Evolution of Flower Horticulture in Wenzhou" written by Mr. Wang Yiping recorded 15 private gardens engaged in flowers and bonsai in Wenzhou from the period of the Republic of China to the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China. For the purpose of making a living, the owner of the garden also engages in a number of contents related to flowers, among which bonsai is also the main content. At that time, most of the bonsai were in the pattern of "six sets, three supports and one roof". And some famous gentry, industrial and commercial owners also decorate a lot of bonsai in the courtyard, but most of them are natural. The main tree species are pine and cypress, with few miscellaneous trees and rocks. In Wenzhou in the past, on the second day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, there were mass literary and artistic activities called "blocking Street Fu". One of the main contents was to put all kinds of flowers, bonsai and goldfish along the street. For the public to watch freely, outstanding people wear red flowers to hang medals, bustling. In 1958, Wenzhou Garden was located in and around Miaoguo Temple in the west of the city, which was the birth of another bonsai garden in Zhejiang Province after the bonsai garden in Hangzhou. Since then, due to the attention of the leaders of Wenzhou Garden Department, the bonsai garden has made great progress. During the Cultural Revolution, bonsai art suffered disaster, and the work of bonsai garden was quickly resumed. since then, Wenzhou bonsai actively participated in national and even provincial and municipal exhibitions and academic activities, of which four things are worth remembering. First, the first national bonsai art exhibition held in Beijing on the 30th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1979, Wenzhou bonsai was successful for the first time. In addition to the works collected in picture albums and "Flower Shadows in pots" documentaries, the Ministry of posts and Telecommunications issued special stamps with bonsai as the theme for the exhibition. There are a set of six stamps, including two with Wenzhou bonsai as the design: Cuibai bonsai entitled "Love of Life and death" with a face value of 60 cents, and "weather-beaten" cypress bonsai with a face value of 8 cents. Second, in the early summer of 1981, Wenzhou bonsai participated in the first "Zhejiang Bonsai Art Exhibition" held in Hangzhou. According to the evaluation results, Wenzhou bonsai won three first prize works, namely, tree bonsai "welcome" five-needle pine, "weather-beaten" cypress and mountain bonsai "Haidian Zhaoxia" reef stone; six second prize works and four third prize works, ranking first in the province with a total prize rate of 23.75%. At the same time, the Provincial Society of Landscape Architecture held a seminar on bonsai art, which concluded that "tree stump bonsai is based on Wenzhou style and absorbs the strengths of other places to form the style of Zhejiang bonsai." The third is: in the summer of 1986, Wenzhou bonsai participated in a delegation organized by the China Flower Association and went to Italy to participate in the Fifth World Flower Expo. according to the results, China won 3 gold medals, 3 silver prizes and one layout prize, of which Wenzhou bonsai won 1 gold prize and 2 silver awards. Win honor for the country. Fourth, the 1988 large-scale album "Chinese Bonsai-appreciation of excellent works" and the textbook "Bonsai Science" used by forestry colleges and universities across the country have clearly confirmed that the geographical location of "Zhejiang Bonsai" and "Zhejiang Bonsai"-Hangzhou and Wenzhou as the center is recognized by the domestic bonsai community. Today, Wenzhou bonsai has actively participated in the most authoritative China Flower Expo and the Chinese bonsai exhibition, except for the second bonsai exhibition in Wen. and won the first prize (gold prize) a total of 9. In the 1980s, Wenzhou folk bonsai gradually began to develop, and the original city garden was in the mid-1980s, and took the lead in establishing Wenzhou Flower Bonsai Association to organize folk bonsai lovers to create and participate in exhibitions together to prosper Wenzhou bonsai together. In the 1990s, Dajinghuatan Village in Yueqing took the lead in forming a large bonsai village in Wenzhou. In recent years, the Municipal Forestry Bureau and the Municipal Flower Association are also very concerned about developing the flower and bonsai industry. Flowers and bonsai have been formed on both sides of Li 104 National Highway in Wenzhou. Ten-mile promenade. As a result, the bonsai market has expanded, the atmosphere of cultivating bonsai in urban and rural areas is becoming more and more popular, and the rich people who collect high-grade bonsai are also increasing.