Key points of maintenance and management of indoor foliage plants in winter and spring

Cultivation principle: like the half-yin and half-yang light environment, otherwise the leaves fade and affect the ornamental. It should be placed in a brighter place to avoid direct sunlight. It is also very Yin-resistant. Overwintering requires a temperature of 13-16 ℃, and normal room temperature for the other three seasons. The most suitable temperature is 18-25 ℃.

The requirement of humidity is higher, watering in spring and summer should be timely, basin soil should be moist, avoid drying and too much water. The amount of water should be reduced appropriately in autumn and winter. It is not enough to spray water alone, it is best to use a humidifier to increase humidity if possible. For beauty's sake, the leaves should be scrubbed frequently. Spraying with cold boiled water has the best effect.

Change the basin every other year. The basin soil should use a slightly acidic matrix with good ventilation and permeability, and peat soil can be used to add a small amount of coarse sand to make basin soil. During the growing period, fertilizer and water were irrigated every two weeks. Less or no fertilizer the rest of the time.

Diseases and insect pests: during the growing period, such as poor ventilation, it is easy to be harmed by shell insects, and when it is serious, it will hinder the growth of stems and leaves, so it can be sprayed with dimethoate diluent. The ornamental value of the blade is very high, so mechanical damage must be avoided.

Cinnamon cultivation principle: like wet, ventilated environment, if the ventilation is not good, the branches will turn yellow and the leaves will fall off. Sometimes its leaf shape will droop, due to lack of water, if it is watered in time, it can return to a straight state in four or five hours. Water thoroughly at once, and spray water on the leaves frequently to increase humidity.

Zhu Jiao is a small shrub with red, pink and green leaves, which is very beautiful.

Cultivation principle: like plenty of sunlight, but also can not direct sunlight, if the light is not enough, the flowers and leaves will gradually fade. When the soil is dry, water should be watered at the right time until the bottom of the basin comes out. But also regularly spray the foliar surface, which can increase the surrounding humidity and is conducive to plant growth.

The hulk rarely blossoms and blossoms for about a month. The flowers are white strips, the wrapping pieces are very high, it is plain sailing, and it is a good gift.

Cultivation principle: shade tolerance, but if there is no sunlight, the leaves will fade. When the soil is completely dry, it needs watering. Usually insert a stick into the soil, if there is no soil on the stick, it means it is time to water. When watering, water thoroughly until the bottom of the basin runs. In order to maintain humidity, always spray water on the leaves.

Pueraria lobata is a kind of plant that uses aerial roots to climb other things to grow. Strong shade tolerance, is an excellent material to beautify the room, can be used as totem pole, wall hanging, can also be used as water bottle or hanging plants.

Cultivation principle: Golden Pueraria likes light, but can't stand strong sunlight. It can be placed in a cool place outside, in the east-west window indoors, and in the south window in winter. If the light is not good, the light yellow spots will turn grayish yellow. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-25 ℃, and the heated room is very suitable, the lowest in winter is not less than 10 ℃. The air humidity is 40-50%.

The basin soil maintains moderate humidity in summer, and the amount of watering decreases with the decrease of temperature in winter. The plant can tolerate temporary overdrying and wetness. It is best to water the plant with calcium-free soft water. Fertilizer is applied every two weeks during the growing season.

Young plants change pots every year, forming a change of pots every 2-3 years. The basin soil is a mixed matrix of coniferous soil, charcoal block and rotten horse manure. But other soils can also be used, as long as there is no calcium or only trace amounts of calcium in the soil. Pay attention to the drainage of the basin.

Diseases and insect pests: the plant is strong, but there are few diseases and insect pests.

Camellia oleifera vines. There are two kinds of ruby taro and emerald taro. Can be used for medium and large potted plants, generally made into totem poles. Because of its strong shade tolerance, it can be placed indoors for a long time.

Cultivation principle: Xilin taro is more shady, but in bright light, it grows faster and stronger. It can be put in the window indoors. The suitable growth temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the lowest temperature must not be lower than 14 ℃. The air humidity should be about 70%.

The growing season can be often watered and leaves are sprayed twice a day. Watering plants with lukewarm water in winter, it is best to use soft water or Rain Water. Because the minerals and harmful elements in tap water are bad for the root. Plants should not be moved outdoors and washed with tap water, but should be sprayed with lukewarm water. Liquid nitrogen fertilizer is applied every two weeks during the growing season.

Change the basin every spring, carefully shake off the old-fashioned roots and cut off the dead roots. The basin soil is a mixed matrix of coniferous soil, rotten horse dung and a small amount of granular peat. The drainage of the basin needs to be very good, the remaining water will make the leaves of the plant yellow, and if the amount of water is too little, the cotyledons will turn yellow.

Diseases and insect pests: Camellia oleifera is generally not easy to be infected with diseases and insect pests, but incorrect maintenance will make it attacked by shell insects.

Tiger tail orchid, also known as tiger skin orchid, tiger grass orchid, millennium orchid, brocade orchid. Perennial herbs. The main viewing object is its beautiful leaves.

Cultivation principle: like the warm temperature, need plenty of sunshine, can be placed on the south unsheltered windowsill. But can also endure shade, in the shade conditions will not die, but for too long, the leaves will become dark and old.

Tiger-tailed orchids are very easy to cultivate, but too much watering will hurt them. Its suitable temperature is 18-27 ℃, and it stops growing when it is lower than 13 ℃. The winter temperature should not be lower than 8-10 ℃ for a long time, otherwise the base of the plant will rot.

Secondly, we should pay special attention to control the amount of water, in addition to summer can be a little moist, other time can not be too humid. But the leaf surface can be kept clean by spraying water frequently. Keep a certain degree of low temperature and dry in winter. When using plastic pots or other decorative flowerpots with poor drainage, you should pay special attention to soil drainage, otherwise excess water will slowly gather, causing harm to plants. Tiger tail orchid is not strict with the hardness of water, and general water can be used.

When summer begins to grow, fertilizer can be applied 1-2 times a month, and the amount of fertilizer does not need to be much. The basin is usually changed every two years. Spring is the best season to change pots.

Diseases and insect pests: in the case of excessive humidity or high temperature fluctuations, brown spots or cork spots are easy to occur on the leaves.

Kidney ferns like a warm, moist and shady environment.

Cultivation principle: you don't need a lot of light, and you don't like direct sunlight, but if you put it in the dark, the leaves will fall off after a few weeks. The growth rate is very fast in the greenhouse and high humidity environment, although it can not grow very big, but it can still survive for a long time. Once the leaves turn yellow or fall off, you can transfer it to a drier area, keep the temperature at about 5 ℃, remove the old leaves from the plant, after 1-2 months, turn the pot to change the soil, and then put it back to the greenhouse to grow, and it will grow well in a few months.

Water requirements are more strict, should not be too wet, should not be too dry, it is best to use Rain Water watering.

Kidney ferns need a lot of nutrients to grow well, but the fertilizer should not be too thick, so it is best to water them with diluted water. Fertilizer should not be applied when growth stops or is dormant in winter. Change the basin every spring.

Diseases and insect pests: sometimes produce a large number of aphids, shell insects and other harmful plants.

Dryopteris fern is especially suitable for indoor foliage plants, can be used for large and medium-sized potted plants, can also be placed in a hanging basket, as a suspension plant.

Cultivation principle: only a small amount of sunlight is needed, so it can be put in the living room. Avoid the scorching sun. The suitable growth temperature is 15-25 ℃, 15 ℃ in winter and no less than 10 ℃. If the temperature is too low, the leaf edge will turn brown. The air humidity should be above 60%.

The growing season can be watered in large quantities and regularly, and the basin soil can be kept slightly moist in winter. In order to improve the air humidity, you can often spray water to the plant, preferably with demineralized soft water or Rain Water.

Thin fertilizer is applied every 10-14 days in the growing season. With reasonable fertilization, the plant will grow a large number of new leaves; lack of fertilizer or dry air can cause the leaf margin to appear brown. The basin is usually changed every 2-3 years, and the basin soil is a mixture of peat, rotten leaf soil and a small amount of rotten horse dung. Pay attention to the drainage of the basin.

Diseases and insect pests: there are red spiders, shell insects and other pests.

Asparagus perennial climbing herb is a good potted plant.

Cultivation principle: like shade, can be placed in a bright place indoors. The suitable temperature for growth is 18-25 ℃, 12-15 ℃ in winter, no less than 8 ℃. Sensitive to dry air, you should spray water frequently. It should be heavily watered in summer and keep the basin soil moist in winter.

From May to September, plants with good root growth can be fertilized once a week. In winter, if the plant is in a warm living room, thin fertilizer can be applied once a week.

Young plants change pots once a year, adult plants change pots every two years, and some old roots are removed. The basin soil can be mixed with rotten leaf soil, crushed clay and a small amount of rotten horse manure. Pad a broken tile at the drain of the basin to prevent the root from growing out of the basin.

Diseases and insect pests: aphids, shell insects, red spiders. Healthy plants are rarely infected, and once infected, the damaged branches should be cut off from the base and burned.

Longevity flower care: light is afraid of dampness, fear of waterlogging.

Selaginella officinalis, also known as soul grass, ferns, drought-resistant, even if the dry leaves hang down, as long as watered, it will come back to life. Like cool and afraid of the sun, the air humidity should be large. Can be inserted, with roots can live, very leather and solid.

Cacti are plants growing in tropical deserts, usually need to spray water properly, but in sunny conditions, do not spray water on cloudy days, some varieties can not be sprayed on the top of the grafting site, where water is easy to rot. The hole at the bottom of the flowerpot should be plugged with paper so that it can not only seep water (water will rot the root), but also prevent all the water from leaking.

Common sense of green plant maintenance

First, it is necessary to distinguish the requirements for light. Positive flowers: like sunshine, such as Magnolia, rose, pomegranate, plum blossom, pansy, Scutellaria barbata, etc. Neutral flowers: light requirements are not strict. Such as jasmine, sweet-scented osmanthus, brocade, etc. Negative flowers: such as asparagus, tortoise back bamboo, green apple, rubber tree, bamboo, dragon white tree and so on.

Second, according to the time required for light, it can be divided into 1. Long-day flowers: sunshine for more than 12 hours a day, such as iris, chrysanthemum, impatiens, etc. Sino-Japanese flowers: such as carnation, rose, etc. Short-day flowers: sunshine must be less than 12 hours a day. Such as poinsettia, chrysanthemum and so on.

Third, temperature 1. Hardy flowers: can withstand a low temperature of about 20 degrees below zero. Such as Yingchun, begonia, elm leaf plum, hairpin, cloves, day lilies, wisteria, etc. Semi-hardy flowers: can endure low temperatures of about minus 5 degrees, such as tulips, roses, chrysanthemums, pomegranates, peony, etc. Non-hardy flowers: such as asparagus, Magnolia, Magnolia, Euphorbia angustifolia, poinsettia, Fusang, calla lilies, magnolia and succulent plants.

Fourth, the important position of water in flower cultivation. Pay attention to water quality: according to the amount of magnesium salt and calcium, it is divided into hard water and soft water. Soft water is better for watering flowers. Rain Water is the most ideal, followed by river water and pond water, remember: do not use dishwashing water or water with washing powder, tap water should be hung for a day, so that the chlorine in the water is fully volatile. two。 Pay attention to the temperature of the water: don't get cold and hot. 3. Water quantity: more in spring, suitable for noon watering; summer foot, suitable for early and late watering; less watering in autumn; watering once every few days according to the dry and wet of the basin in winter. 4. Watering should be noted: according to different seasons, different weather, plant preferences to control. In short, before watering, first intuitively analyze the situation of water shortage, and then watering.

Fifth, growing flowers should also pay attention to the soil not to harden and harden. To increase the application of organic fertilizer; 2. Proper mixing of sand; 3. Drain and loosen the soil.

Sixth, family flower cultivation is often used in the production of retting fertilizer, such as grass, fallen leaves, straw, etc., adding appropriate amount of water, animal feces, human feces and a small amount of lime to grow square into the pit, covered with soil and retted for a certain period of time, which can not only kill insects and weeds, but also make the organic components decompose quickly.

7. Topdressing 1. Extra-root topdressing; 2. Urea topdressing, can also be sprayed with urea water foliar; 3. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, and can also make flowers large and colorful. For iron-deficient yellow leaves, spraying ferrous sulfate is the best. Such as camellia, mast flower, Michelia, etc.; 5. Boron water can prevent falling buds, which is good for improving the number and quality of flowers. 6. Attention must be paid to the amount of topdressing. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are 0.2% Murray 0.3%, ferrous sulfate 0.3% Murray 0.5%, boron 0.05% Murray 0.1%. 7. The time of topdressing is usually 8-10:00 in the morning or evening, do not ignore the spraying on the back of the leaves.

8. in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in family flower cultivation, we should grasp the principle of "giving priority to prevention", strengthen management, and pay attention to maintenance work such as ventilation, light transmission, watering and fertilization, so as to make flowers and trees grow and strengthen their ability to resist diseases and insect pests. Once diseases and insect pests are found, measures should be taken as soon as possible to achieve "early treatment, small treatment, and treatment" to prevent spread. Examples of common diseases and insect pests in flowers are introduced as follows:

1. Insect pests (1) aphids are small blue-yellow insects that harm almost all flowers and trees. Between spring and summer, often concentrated in rose, pomegranate, oleander, chrysanthemum and other new shoots or buds. Sucking liquid juice with mouthparts will cause the young leaves to curl and atrophy, which will not only affect the growth and flowering, but also wither the plants. Aphids can produce 20 million 30 generations a year, and eggs can survive the winter.

The control method was sprayed with 3000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion (that is, 3 kg of water added to 1 gram of dimethoate emulsion), or 1000 times of imidophos emulsion. In addition, there are two simple methods of prevention and treatment: one is to soak 5 grams of cigarette butts in the proportion of 70-80 grams of water, soak for 24 hours, knead slightly, filter out the dregs with gauze, and then spray them; the other is to use washing powder water (soap liquid water) of 1-100%. In order to improve the effect, a few drops of vegetable oil can be added, stirred fully, and sprayed with a sprayer when there is no oil on the surface.

(2) Spodoptera litura is commonly known as Caterpillar and itchy spicy seed. This pest bites on leaves such as rose, magnolia, peony, pomegranate, plum blossom, lotus, rose and so on. When seriously injured, the leaves of the whole pot of flowers were eaten up in less than a few days. The diamondback moth lurks on the back of the leaves and is often ignored if it is not careful. There are two generations in a year, once in early June and once in late June, and cocoon overwintering after mid-October.

When there are few pests and light harm, the damaged leaves can be removed and burned. Spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 1200 times (that is, 1 kilogram of water added to 1 gram or more of trichlorfon), or 50% fenitrothion emulsion 500 rain 800 times.

(3) the spider mite is also known as red spider. Often harm azaleas, roses, a string of red, begonia and real cypress, kumquat, generations, cactus, cypress and so on, of which azaleas and cypresses suffer the most. The leaf mite is small and red, so it is difficult for the naked eye.

See. Like to absorb juice on the back of the leaves, the injured leaves turn yellow, there are many small white spots, and soon wither and yellow fall off. The reproductive ability of spider mites is very strong, which can occur for more than 10 generations a year, and often breeds in the environment of high temperature and low humidity.

The control method removes the weeds in the basin and eliminates the overwintering eggs. When damaging, 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 / 1500 times (that is, 1 kilogram of water added to 1 / 1.5 grams of dimethoate), or sprayed with 40% dicofol emulsion 2000 times.

(4) longicorn beetles are also known as stem borer and heart borer. It often harms grapes, azaleas, peaches, apricots, plums and so on. The control method cuts off the damaged tree trunk, captures and destroys it. Or use a knife to remove insect dung and sawdust, inject omethoate 1:50 liquid from the hole, and then seal the hole with mud.

(5) the beetle is also known as Bombyx mori and Bombyx mori. Its larvae are called grubs and their feeding habits are very miscellaneous. They are the main underground pests of many kinds of flowers. Winter ploughing and deep ploughing can promote the death of the overwintering dynasty. During the active period, 50% marathon emulsion will be irrigated 800 times as much as you wish to protect your natural enemies.

2. Disease

Powdery mildew, also known as powdery mildew, harms rose, rose, big-leaf yellow poplar, kumquat and so on, and often harms the leaves, stems and stalks of flowers and trees. A layer of white powder appeared on the injured surface, and the leaves withered when the disease was serious. This disease is easy to occur in a hot, humid and unventilated environment.

Control methods can be sprayed with topiramate, carbendazim and other agents.

(2) White silk disease harms rose, jasmine, magnolia, pomegranate, peach leaf coral, orchid, chrysanthemum and so on. At the time of the disease, the base of the stem was brown and rotten, and the mycelium was silk-like, initially white, and then turned yellow to brown. The disease often occurs in the middle of summer when the soil is moist, rainy and hot.

The prevention and cure method basin soil should disinfect, at the same time pay attention to the environment ventilation, avoid planting too dense, trim the diseased branches. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times before onset.

(3) Leaf spot is also called black spot, brown spot and so on. It is harmful to rose, camellia, rhododendron, rose, chrysanthemum and so on. First, black spots appear in the middle of the leaves, and then the leaves turn yellow and fall off. The causes are mostly caused by muggy, unventilated and humid environment.

The prevention and control methods should pay attention to improve the environmental conditions, and the damaged leaves can be removed and burned at the beginning of the disease. 1% Bordeaux solution can be sprayed for prevention and control, once every 7 days, for a total of 5 times during the whole growing period.

Key points for winter conservation of indoor plant asparagus asparagus is a potted plant that many flower friends like to grow. Asparagus is generally easy to raise and not easy to die. I also raised asparagus. I put it on my windowsill. I don't manage it very much. Occasionally water it. Now that winter is coming, the weather is getting colder and colder, and asparagus is not so easy to raise. The following is to introduce the conservation and management of asparagus in winter: morphological features: asparagus, also known as Pinus elliottii, Phyllostachys pubescens, is a perennial evergreen vine foliage plant, a famous ornamental plant. The roots of asparagus are slightly fleshy, the stems are soft and tufted, and the leaves degenerate into scales, light brown, growing at the base of leafy branches; leafy branches have branchlets, green. Most of the scales on the main stem are spiny. Flowers small, bisexual, white-green, flowering in spring. The berries are globose and purple-black when ripe. Growth habits: asparagus likes warm, moist, semi-shady environment. Not resistant to cold and drought. Like fertile, loose, well-drained sandy loam. Like Yin, like dampness, afraid of drought, avoid excessive dampness. Winter maintenance points 1. Temperature: bamboo is afraid of cold in winter. Potted asparagus should maintain an ambient temperature of more than 5 ℃ in winter to avoid freezing. two。 Watering: control watering in winter. Excessive watering can easily cause root rot and leaf yellow shedding when the basin soil is too wet. When watering, we should pay attention to the water temperature should be as close as possible to the surrounding temperature, so as to reduce the stimulation of water temperature discomfort to the root system. 3. Fertilization: asparagus is not a good fertilizer plant, but there can be no lack of fertilizer, fertilizing as little as possible in winter, fertilization should be thin and diligent, do not apply thick fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause branches and leaves to turn yellow. 4. Illumination: asparagus likes semi-overcast environment, avoid hot sun exposure, sunny day is suitable for pots to be placed outside to receive sunlight, conducive to its light and function. 5. Potted soil: asparagus should be fertile soil, if there is no soil change for a long time, nutrients are in short supply, there will be branches and leaves yellowing phenomenon. One part of rotten leaf soil, two parts of garden soil and one part of river sand are often used as substrate in asparagus basin soil.