How to raise family potted flowers and plants in summer? What should we pay attention to?

The light is suitable to prevent exposure.

Light is the energy source for flowers to produce nutrients, so many flowers can blossom and flourish only under sufficient light conditions. However, different flowers or different growth stages of the same flower have different requirements for light, so there are flower proverbs such as "Yin camellia, yang peony, half yin and half yang four seasons orchid".

Generally like the flowers with plenty of light, such as rose, pomegranate, sweet-scented osmanthus, Riley, plum blossom, peony, poinsettia, variegated wood, chrysanthemum, Dahlia, Milan, Prynne, Fusang, crape myrtle, kumquat, aquatic flowers, cactus, etc., after leaving the room in spring, they should be kept in a sunny place, but in the middle of summer, they should also be moved to a slightly shaded place to prevent strong light exposure.

Generally negative or strongly negative flowers, such as orchids, tortoise back bamboos, hanging orchids, asparagus, camellias, rhododendrons, ivy, masts, evergreens, begonias, brown bamboos, Phyllostachys pubescens, orchids, ferns and magnolia, etc., should be maintained in an environment with good ventilation and 50-80% shade in summer. if exposed to direct light, it will cause branches and leaves to turn yellow and even die. For this kind of flowers, it is best to put them on the balcony or windowsill facing east or north in summer, or to cultivate them in a well-ventilated place with bright scattered light; you can also use reeds or bamboo curtains to set up a shade shed and put the flowerpot under the shade shed for maintenance. in this way, the light intensity can be reduced to facilitate the robust growth of flowers.

Cooling and humidification pay attention to ventilation

Temperature is a necessary condition for the growth of flowers. Due to the long-term influence of the natural climatic conditions of the place of origin, different flowers have formed the unique optimum, highest and lowest temperature. For most flowers, the suitable temperature for growth is 20-30 ℃. The highest temperature in summer in most areas of China can reach more than 30C. When the temperature exceeds the maximum limit of flower growth, the normal life activity of flowers will be blocked, resulting in short plants, partial burns of leaves, reduction of flower quantity and shortening of florescence. Many kinds of flowers bloom little or not in summer, and the influence of high temperature on their normal growth is an important reason.

Tropical and subtropical flowers, such as Michelia, camellias, rhododendrons, orchids, etc., grow under warm and humid marine climate for a long time, and form special ecological requirements that like air and moisture in the course of their childbearing. It is generally required that the air humidity should not be less than 80%. If it can meet the requirements of air humidity in maintenance, it will give birth well; otherwise, it will be prone to poor growth, leaf margin drying, tender leaves scorching and so on.

Under family conditions, there are four main ways to cool and humidify in summer:

The main results are as follows: (1) during the normal watering in summer, according to the different requirements of air humidity of different flowers, spray water on the branches and leaves 2 or 3 times a day, and spray water on the ground of flowerpots 1 or 2 times at the same time.

(2) spread sand to cool the north or east balcony with a thick layer of coarse sand, then put the flowerpot on the sand surface, sprinkle water on the sand surface 1-2 times a day in the second season, and use the water contained in the sand to absorb heat in the air. the purpose of cooling and humidification can be achieved.

(3) A prefabricated board of hardwood or cement is used to cool the pool, put on the tank containing cold water, and then put the flowerpot on the board or cement board, add water once a day, and the water evaporates continuously after being heated, which can not only increase the air humidity, but also lower the temperature.

(4) put the flowerpot in the well-ventilated place with scattered light, spray clean water 1-2 times a day, and use electric fan to cool down.

Rational watering and proper fertilization

Summer temperature is high, evaporation is fast, plant transpiration is also strong, flowers need more water, so for most flowers, there should be sufficient water supply. As for how to control the amount of water in summer? It should be determined according to the type of flowers, the plant size and the actual dry and wet condition of the basin soil. General grass flowers themselves have more water content, transpiration intensity, watering should be more; general woody flowers can be watered less appropriately. Under normal circumstances, general flowers should be watered 1-2 times a day, never half waist water, otherwise the leaves will often curl and yellowing, for a long time, the whole plant will die.

It is best to use Rain Water to water flowers in summer, or dry tap water for 1 to 2 days first. Watering time is appropriate in the morning and evening, do not pour cold water at noon, because the temperature is very high at this time, the temperature outside can often reach about 40 ℃, not only transpiration is strong, but also water evaporation is fast, suddenly the cold water is excited, the foliar cells turn from tense to wilting, so that the leaves scorch, and when serious, it will cause the whole plant to die. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in some grass flowers. If in the early stage of flower bud gestation, flowering and fruit setting, cold water is watered at noon in summer, it is also easy to cause bud drop, flower drop and fruit drop phenomenon.

What needs to be specially mentioned here is: due to the high soil temperature in hot summer, it must be watered in time after the shower to eliminate the high humidity and muggy heat in the basin soil and reduce the basin soil temperature; the stagnant water in the basin after the rainstorm should be poured out immediately, or the basin soil should be pierced with bamboo sticks (do not hurt the root) to let the water flow out from the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin to avoid rotting the root.

When applying fertilizer to potted flowers in summer, we should grasp the principle of "applying thin fertilizer frequently". Excessive concentration of fertilizer is easy to cause rotten roots, generally exuberant flowers, about every 10-15 days to apply dilute liquid fertilizer. Fertilization should be carried out on sunny days and when the basin soil is dry. Because the root is easy to rot when fertilized in wet soil. The fertilization time should be in the evening after getting cooler. Water should be watered once the day after fertilization. The type of fertilization varies from flower to flower. Flowers that like acidic soil, such as camellias, rhododendrons, magnolia, maizi, Riley, etc., should not apply alkaline fertilizers, but should choose acidic or physiologically acidic fertilizers, such as calcium superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ferrous sulfate. When flowers enter the flower bud differentiation and bud stage, it is appropriate to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote more flowering. Flowers dominated by foliage should be fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer in order to promote the green color of leaves. Bulbous flowers, should apply more potash fertilizer, in order to enrich the bulb. For dahlias with large flowers and a long flowering period, it is necessary to apply an appropriate amount of complete fertilizer in the bud flowering stage in order to make all flowers blooming and beautiful. For the flowers that mainly watch the fruit, the fertilizer and water should be properly controlled during flowering, and sufficient complete fertilizer should be applied in the strong fruit stage, the fruit will be large and more.

In the process of pot flower maintenance, if the plant is short and thin, the branch is small and the leaf color is yellowish, which is the manifestation of lack of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer should be added in time; if the plant grows slowly, the leaf curls, the plant is short, and the root system is underdeveloped, it is mostly caused by phosphorus deficiency. Fertilizer based on phosphate fertilizer should be supplemented. If the leaf tip of the leaf edge turns yellow (first the old leaf then the new leaf) and then turns brown and falls off, the stem is soft and easy to bend, which is mostly caused by lack of potassium, potash fertilizer should be applied.

Dormant flowers spend the summer safely

Some flowers, such as cyclamen, hanging golden bell, begonia, daffodil, geranium, taro, magnolia, freesia, paulownia, tulips, lotus flowers, etc., enter a semi-dormant or dormant state in the summer high temperature season, showing a decline or suspension of growth rate, in order to resist the harm of external adverse environmental conditions. In order to make this kind of flowers safely through the summer dormancy period, it is necessary to take corresponding measures to take meticulous nursing according to the physiological characteristics of their dormancy period. The main measures are:

(1) move dormant flowers to a shady and ventilated place after summer to avoid direct sunlight and rain, otherwise it will easily cause rotting roots or even death.

(2) watering should be strictly controlled. During dormancy, too much watering, basin soil for a long time wet, very easy to rot roots, watering too little, basin soil is too dry, and easy to make the root system atrophy. Therefore, watering is appropriate to keep the basin soil slightly moist. But often spray water on the branches and leaves and sprinkle water on the ground around the flowerpot to form a moist and cool microclimate, which is conducive to dormancy. However, for flowers such as paulownia with dense fluff on the leaf surface and cyclamen whose flower buds are sensitive to moisture, it is not suitable to spray water on the leaf surface or leaf center.

(3) stop applying any fertilizer. Because the physiological activity of flowers is very weak during dormancy, there is no need for fertilizer. If fertilized, it is also easy to cause rotten roots, rotten balls, and even the death of the whole plant.

Pruning and shaping to prevent overgrowth

After many flowers enter the summer, they are often easy to grow in vain, affecting their flowering and fruiting. In order to keep the plant shape beautiful and fruity, it needs to be trimmed and reshaped. Summer pruning is generally based on measures such as coring, wiping buds, removing leaves, thinning buds, thinning fruits and so on.

(1) pick some grass flowers, such as Begonia, Golden Bell, a string of red, chrysanthemum, Dutch chrysanthemum, early chrysanthemum, etc., and pinch off their tops when they reach a certain height to promote them to be more branched and bloom. Some woody flowers, such as kumquat, should also be heart-picked when the branches grow to about 15-20 cm in order to bear more fruit.

(2) in summer, many flowers often sprout adventitious buds from the base of the stem or branches, which should be erased in time so as not to consume nutrients and disturb the plant shape.

(3) to remove leaves, some foliage flowers should properly cut off old leaves and promote new leaves, then the leaf color will be more beautiful.

(4) Bud thinning, fruit thinning for flowers that are mainly ornamental, such as dahlias, chrysanthemums, roses, etc., excessive buds should be removed in time; for ornamental flowers, such as kumquat, pomegranate, bergamot, etc., when the young fruit grows to the size of soybean grains, the excess young fruit should be removed; for some flowers that cannot bear seeds or are not ready to collect seeds, cut off the residual flowers in time.

(5) plastic surgery for poinsettia, plum blossom, green peach, tiger thorn plum and other flowers, often bend each side branch in summer to make the plant shape plump and graceful.

Comprehensive management of disease prevention and pest control

High temperature and humidity in summer are conducive to the occurrence of a large number of diseases and insect pests. We should carry out the policy of "prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control" and do a good job in prevention and control in the spirit of "early treatment, small treatment and cure" to ensure the healthy growth of flowers.

The main results are as follows: (1) the common diseases in summer are powdery mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, leaf spot, nematode, bacterial soft rot and so on. Powdery mildew is mainly harmful to rose, plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, dahlia, begonia, melon leaf chrysanthemum, inverted golden bell and so on. After the damage, the plants were short, the tender shoots were curved, and the leaves were uneven or curled. Buds, leaves, shoots and buds, as if covered with a layer of white powder and grow many small black spots, serious leaves withered and withered, or even the whole plant died. Anthrax is mainly harmful to orchids, Magnolia, Milan, plum blossoms, rubber trees, cactus and so on. After most flowers are infected by bacteria, there are nearly round disease spots on the leaf surface, the edges are mostly purplish brown or dark brown, the center is light brown or grayish white, and the disease spots are often arranged with small black spots in the shape of wheels. The leaves withered and died when the disease was serious. Botrytis cinerea is mainly harmful to peony, peony, cyclamen, begonia, inverted Admiralty and so on. The damaged parts such as leaves, stems and flowers are brown or purplish brown rotten, gray mildew grows on the disease spot when the weather is wet, and the whole plant dies in severe cases. To prevent and cure the above three diseases, the following methods can be adopted: ① thoroughly remove dead branches and leaves in early spring, and timely cut off diseased schools, leaves, buds and so on, so as to reduce the source of bacteria; ② strengthens cultivation management, reasonable fertilization and watering, pays attention to ventilation and light, makes plant growth strong, and improves disease resistance; spraying 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate 500,800 times in the initial stage of ②.

(2) there are two kinds of common pests in summer: piercing and sucking mouthparts and chewing mouthparts. The former are mainly aphids, red spiders, whitefly, shell insects and so on. These pests often gather in leaves, tender stems, buds, branches and other parts, with needle-like mouthparts into the flowers to suck juice, causing leaves to turn yellow and curl, resulting in leaf yellowing and shedding. The prevention and control method can be sprayed with 1000-1500 times of dichlorvos emulsion. This medicine is easy to cause drug damage to plum blossom, cherry blossom, rhododendron, elm leaf plum and other flowers and trees, so these flowers and trees should be banned. The latter mainly includes moths, butterfly larvae, various beetles and underground pests. These pests nibble away at the leaves, bite the roots and wither the plants. The method of control is to spray 1000-1500 times of dichlorvos emulsion or irrigate the rhizosphere. High temperature in summer, volatile pesticides, coupled with high temperature when the human body's emission function is enhanced, the absorption of the skin increases, so the poison is easy to enter the human body and poisoning, so summer application, it is appropriate to move the flowerpot to the outside, in the morning and evening.

Flowers and plants are the most beautiful in summer. Pay attention to which poisonous flowers and plants.

This season, oleander blossoms can be seen in some parks, streets and residential areas in Xicheng. The flowers are beautiful, but the beautiful ones are poisonous. Recently, a two-year-old child had numb fingers after breaking oleander on the side of the road, but it was found in time that it did not cause a catastrophe. The reporter learned that the plants planted in many citizens' courtyards and indoors are toxic to a certain extent, and garden experts warn that these poisonous flowers and weeds are untouchable!

[be careful in the street]

Although the flowers on the roadside are beautiful, don't pick the oleander in the green belt.

Summer is the time for oleander to grow vigorously and blossom. Recently, oleander on the streets of Xicheng is growing luxuriantly, red and white, and the oleander blossoms of various colors are beautiful. However, oleander juice is poisonous, once "close contact", light skin itching pain allergy, severe poisoning. In recent years, oleander poisoning has occurred frequently. Last year, the mother who was setting up a stall was frightened by the discomfort caused by accidental consumption of oleander leaves by children playing near Xicheng Road. There are migrant workers who use bamboo and peach branches to make chopsticks and are reminded to stop using them when they are found by workers, but they still cause discomfort.

It is understood that oleander peach is called willow leaf peach, its flowers, leaves, branches and bark are all poisonous, the toxicity of fresh bark is stronger than that of leaves, and the toxicity of flowers is weaker after drying. The milky white juice secreted by oleander contains a toxic substance called oleoside, which can also be poisoned if eaten by mistake.

Learned from the city's greening department, oleander "settled" in Xicheng in the last century, and planted a large number of roads, residential areas, public green space can be seen everywhere. If the toxicity is so strong, why should it be widely planted? According to he Zhixing, a greening expert, whether oleander should be planted has caused controversy as early as the last century, but its advantages outweigh its disadvantages, oleander should still be used as an urban greening tree species. Oleander has the function of anti-smoke, anti-dust, anti-poison and purifying air, especially has strong resistance and adsorption to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine, and is called the guardian of environmental protection in the garden community. Planting on highways and riversides can play a good role in isolation. And oleander has a good landscape effect, and the flowering period can last from May to October. " He Zhixing said that although oleander is a poisonous plant, it is usually not touched or broken, and people and plants are at peace with each other.

"Beauty" can only be seen from afar and cannot be eaten.

Ivy is a climbing plant, generally crawling along the walls, can be seen everywhere on the walls of some communities, riverside handrails, the most common should be seen in the bridge, is used for vertical greening. For example, the walls of Qingqi Viaduct, Jianghai Viaduct and Zhanjiang overpass have planted a lot of ivy, so that the concrete piers are shaded all over the wall and luxuriant with leaves. Whether walking under the bridge or driving on the bridge, you can see the scenery along the way. However, such "green clothes" are also toxic. Garden experts said that ivy fruits, seeds and leaves are poisonous, accidental eating will cause abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms, serious can cause gastrointestinal inflammation, coma, and even lead to breathing difficulties. However, the toxic substances of ivy will not be transmitted through the air, the toxins are trace and will not pose a threat to the human body.

There is another kind of flower not only has a beautiful name, but also looks beautiful, but this "beauty" is so poisonous, it is Yu Mei. Yu Mei is very common in the major parks in Xicheng, and it was introduced and planted many years ago, but in the past, it was mainly displayed in the park, and it was rarely used in road greening. In the past two years, the municipal garden office has vigorously carried out greening transformation and upgrading of urban roads, considering that Yu Meimei is colorful and highly ornamental, and Yumei is a self-sowing plant that can sow and grow and reproduce on its own. Yumei was planted in Zhenze Road two years ago. However, the whole plant of Yumei is poisonous, especially the fruit is the most toxic. Accidental ingestion will cause central nervous system poisoning and seriously lead to life-threatening. Greening experts warn that although they are toxic to a certain extent, they are also of great benefit to the green environment, as long as they are not eaten and too close to each other, they will not cause harm to the human body.

[indoor is also dangerous]

The potted plant looks "cool" and should not be placed at will.

It is indeed a pleasure for many citizens in summer to put a pot of jasmine in the bedroom, smell the fragrance and look at the beautiful flowers. The reporter learned from the flower market of Nanchen Temple that it is now the season for jasmine blossoms, and there are naturally many citizens who come to buy them. In addition to jasmine, all kinds of mosquito repellent grass, green pineapple and other plants are also popular among citizens. "Summer is coming, put some green plants indoors to watch the peace of mind, cool!" Granny Zhang told the reporter that she has been in the habit of buying plants in summer for decades.

Flowers in the bedroom, "measure" must be good

"three plants cost 55 yuan and a small one costs 20 yuan. Jasmine is selling very well now." Boss Tang said, "most of the citizens who come to buy want to put incense in the bedroom, which smells good." According to reports, jasmine is quite appropriate in the bedroom, because the aroma helps to relax nerves and promote sleep. "Jasmine flowers can directly make tea, can not have any toxicity, can be safely placed in the bedroom breeding." So introduced by Boss Tang.

But can Jasmine really be put in the bedroom? The reporter consulted he Zhiyi of Wuxi greening management station, but the answer was negative. "any flowers are not suitable for breeding in the bedroom." He Zhixing introduced to the reporter that although the fragrance of jasmine flowers is light and elegant, hair loss may occur after hearing it for a long time. In addition, the daffodils, roses and lilies that the public generally like to breed actually have certain toxicity and are not suitable to be put in the bedroom. The head (stem) of Narcissus contains Lacodine, which is a toxic substance. Vomiting and abdominal pain will occur after poisoning. In addition, the aroma of daffodils can also cause discomfort to the nervous system, for a long time, especially to inhale its aroma during sleep, some people will feel dizzy. The aroma of lilies and roses will also make some frail citizens excessively excited or panting, and then cause a certain sense of discomfort.

Qiang Xiaoke, a staff member of the horticulture department of Xihui Park, also said that indoor farmed flowers must pay attention to a certain amount. "it doesn't matter if you usually put one or two pots of flowers in the bedroom, but if the amount is too large for a long time, there may be some problems."

Leaves plant species at home, don't touch it easily.

Recently, a piece of news in moments that "dripping Guanyin tubers have been eaten as taro, acute poisoning" has attracted the attention of the public. Ms Gong, from Haishu District, Ningbo, mistakenly thought that Dishui Guanyin's tuber was a "taro". After eating only one bite, her mouth went numb and her throat tightened and was taken to hospital, the source said. He Hequn, deputy director of the emergency department of Ningbo first Hospital, immediately said that the rhizome of dripping Guanyin contains an irritating and toxic ingredient, soapweed poison, which is mainly caused by local symptoms of the mouth and throat after poisoning, and in severe cases, laryngeal edema can lead to tracheal blockage and asphyxiation to death.

The reporter went around the flower market of Nanchen Temple and found that all florists have Dishui Guanyin for sale. according to the size of the plant, the price ranges from dozens of yuan to several hundred yuan, and sales have been good all the time. "is Dishui Guanyin toxic?" The reporter asked the owners of several flower beds, and the owners all said, "how can there be a problem with ornamental plants?"

"is dripping Guanyin a poisonous plant?" The reporter consulted Qiangxiaoke, a member of the horticulture department of Xihui Park, who said: in fact, all plants themselves are toxic to a certain extent. According to its introduction, Dishui Guanyin is also known as "Dishui Lotus" and "bergamot Lotus". It grows luxuriantly and its leaves are verdant. Because its flowers are like Guanyin and because its leaves drip at the edges when the humidity is high, it is called Dishui Guanyin. But the white juice in the root of dripping Guanyin is poisonous. accidentally touching or eating its juice will cause discomfort in the pharynx and mouth, and in serious cases, it will suffocate, leading to heart paralysis and death. In addition, the drop of water is harmful to the eyes and skin. "some children think it's funny, so they put dripping water into their eyes and skin, and they feel cool. In fact, eye contact with juice can cause severe conjunctivitis and even blindness. Some people's skin contact with its juice will also have itching or strong irritation. "

In addition, for the public's favorite purchase of green pineapple, hanging orchid these two kinds of indoor leaf plants, strong small can also remind. Green pineapple belongs to the Araceae, which belongs to the same family as Dishui Guanyin, and most of the plants in this family are toxic. Green apple juice contains calcium oxalate crystals, touching the skin will cause red itching, accidental eating will cause sore throat, there is a certain harm to the human body. As for the hanging orchid, Qiang Xiaoke said that the hanging orchid is not poisonous, but it will still release carbon dioxide gas at night, it is best to put it indoors during the day and move out of the room at night.

Organic fertilizer commonly used in family potted plants and flowers

Organic fertilizer is very good for the growth and development of flowers and plants. in addition to being decomposed by microorganisms and released by nutrients and absorbed by roots, organic fertilizer can also improve soil structure and increase soil water and fertilizer conservation and permeability. There are many kinds of organic fertilizers, which can be divided into two categories: animal organic fertilizer and plant organic fertilizer.

The main kinds of organic fertilizers are introduced as follows:

First stable manure: the manure of livestock, mixed with leftover forage or fodder. It contains more nitrogen, but also has a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium.

Second, chicken and duck manure: chicken and duck manure and other poultry manure are the main sources of phosphate fertilizer, which are suitable for all kinds of flowers, especially for ornamental flowers.

The third plant ash: ash from dead branches and weeds, which contains more potassium and is the main source of potash fertilizer. It belongs to alkaline fertilizer.

Fourth peanut bran or peanut cake: contains more nitrogen, but also contains phosphorus and potassium. Cleaner than animal droppings.

The fifth bone meal is one of the main sources of phosphate fertilizer.

Growing flowers at home, especially in cities, often makes some flower growers feel unable to get organic fertilizer. In fact, as long as we pay attention to the regular timely collection, we can produce organic fertilizer. Such as vegetable leaves, bean shells, melon peel can be put into the jar, covered and sealed, after 2-3 months of fermentation rot is a good fertilizer. After the spoiled soybeans and peanuts are cooked, as well as the viscera and bones of fish, after being fermented and rotted by adding water in a tank, it can also become a high-quality organic fertilizer with high efficiency and high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It must be noted that it can only be used after it is rotten. (the soil temperature is high at noon in summer, fertilization is easy to hurt the root), three avoid sitting fertilizer, when planting flowers, apply basic fertilizer at the bottom of the pot, do not put the root directly on the fertilizer, but add a layer of soil on the fertilizer, and then plant the flowers into the pot.