Culture methods of potted orchids: introduction to growth habits, cultivation and maintenance

1 the history of orchids

Orchids have a long history of cultivation in China, with a history of thousands of years. It has been cultivated all over the country, especially in the southwest and Taiwan. It has the reputation of "the best fragrance in the world" and "fragrant beauty". Orchid blossoms are plain and clean, soft and elegant, fragrant and pleasant, and are unique personified flowers in the world.

Orchid is one of the oldest precious flowers in China. The aroma of orchids is clear but not turbid, and its fragrance is mellow, elegant, intriguing and persistent. The orchid is elegant in color, dignified and elegant in appearance, green all the year round, slender, firm and soft, elegant and elegant. As early as the Spring and Autumn period in China, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, planted large tracts of orchids in the mountains of Zhejiang.

2. Ecological habits of orchids.

Orchidaceae, perennial evergreen herb. Roots fascicled, fleshy, cylindrical. Leaves linear, leathery. In early spring, there are many flowering stems between leaves, with 1 flower at the top of each stem, with yellowish green flowers and delicate fragrance. There are many cultivation types and many chimes. It is one of the potted ornamental plants with a long history in China.

Wild in the east, central and south, southwest of China, under the shade of hillside trees.

Like a warm, well-ventilated, humid environment. It is suitable to be cultivated in slightly acidic soil with rich organic fertilizer and good drainage, and has strong cold resistance.

3The main points of orchid cultivation.

3.1 during cultivation, it is necessary to consider that the root system of orchid is relatively well developed. according to the requirement of hydrophobic ventilation habit of orchid, the flowerpot selected by orchid is more special than the general flowerpot. Should choose the texture is coarse, the beautiful glaze, the bottom edge is more empty, has the basin foot "orchid pot" to raise "orchid" is better. The "orchid pot" is generally large and small, with a deep bottom, like a mouth-up trumpet. There are water holes at the bottom, and there are many small water holes in the lower part of the basin for the purpose of making the roots of orchids more breathable. Newly planted orchids are best planted in tile "orchid pots". After being cultivated for more than 1 year, the new root can not be moved to the beautiful purple sand "orchid pot" until the new root develops normally.

3.2 the key to growing orchids with sandy soil and humus soil lies in the use of soil. Orchids are semi-airroot flowers, which must use acidic soil containing humus and good air permeability. The mountain mud in which orchids grow in mountain areas has a better cultivation effect. Orchid soil can also be prepared by using 70% sandy loam and 30% coarse-grained humus. After blending, it can only be used after stacking for more than 3 years.

3.3 pay attention to the maintenance of wild orchid roots newly dug from the mountain, the new roots of wild orchids have not been sent, and there are more roots broken, first clear the soil from the roots, wash them with clean water, and cut off the withered and scorched leaves. For leaves infected with disease and insect spots, the disease spots should be cut off mercilessly. In addition, the rotten and yellow old roots should be cut off. If the orchid is not fully rooted, the old root and root core without root tip should be retained. It is best to mix the orchid plant with 600x solution of "killing" or "disinfecting alum" or medical "penicillin" and "streptomycin". Each bottle of injection powder is dissolved in 2.5 kg water, soak in the solution for 2 hours, then remove and rinse. Drying the orchid root in the sun can activate the vitality of the orchid plant, make the orchid root soft, easy to straighten out, not easy to break, and easy to put on the basin. In order to prevent the orchid leaves from drying, the orchid leaves can be shaded by the sun, which can be illuminated for about 2 hours.

3.4 it should not be watered too much. Orchids are terrestrial plants that like moisturizing and waterlogging. Many beginners, for fear of lack of water, ended up watering too much water and rotting away the fleshy roots of orchids. The watering principle of Tupi orchids is "better dry than wet", as long as the orchid soil is kept moist. On the contrary, orchids cultivated in soilless culture are "better wet than dry".

Orchids do not have high requirements for moisture, and should be dry rather than wet. In January and February, once every 7 days; in March and April, once every 3 to 4 days; in May, once every 2 days; in June, once a day; in July and August, once every 3 days; from September to December, from twice a day to once a week, and be careful not to get caught in the rain.

Acid-base test paper can be bought at the pharmacy to test the water quality. For those with insufficient acidity, you can add some salt and rice vinegar to the water to adjust it. Orchid watering is very knowledgeable, who should be watered at the edge of the basin. Summer season should be watered in the early morning or evening, avoid watering at noon, the amount of water should not be too large. Generally watering once a week, watering twice a week in summer, watering will lead to orchid root diseases and insect pests. Especially in the continuous rainy weather, the potted soil should be dry rather than wet, and the dry pot is beneficial to the orchid to produce new leaves.

Orchids should be exposed to sunlight from March to the first and middle of April. From late April, after 09:00, orchids should not be exposed to the sun. Spring orchids should be exposed to 2 hours per day, and should be shaded early every day from June to September. Shading can be postponed after October.

3.6.The newly planted orchids should not be fertilized until the new roots grow 2 cm long. generally, the new roots grow for about 2 months, and some people advocate that they should be cultivated for 1 year or 2 years before fertilization. The fertilizer of orchid can be prepared by ourselves. the method is to use 4 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of bean cake and 6 parts of bone meal, mix them well, store them in a container and add water step by step, and dilute them after fermentation for one year.

Conservation methods of family potted orchids

Orchid is a perennial evergreen epiphytic flower. It has a unique flower shape and beautiful flower posture, so it has become a cherished variety of flowers. So, how should family potted orchids be preserved? We think that we should grasp the following four main points: 1. In order to maintain nutrients, cut off the withered stems of the flowers. All kinds of orchids, especially the orchids, are also known as orchids. The stem of the withered flower should be cut off as soon as possible so as not to consume nutrients and affect the germination of axillary buds. After pedicel removal, 0.1% omethoate or dichlorvos solution is dipped in soft gauze or cotton ball, and the leaf surface and back of the orchid are gently rubbed to remove eggs, dust and stains to welcome the new growth period. two。 Adjust the light. Although orchids like a cool and ventilated environment, they also need proper sunlight. If the potted orchid is kept in a cool place all the year round, the leaves will grow, the flowering will become very rare, and the various organs of the orchid will become weak and prone to diseases and insect pests. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the light reasonably to facilitate the healthy growth of orchids. Generally speaking, green leaves, exotic flowers and dwarf orchids need 60% of the all-day sunshine in spring and 50% in the future, while line orchids need 50% of all-day sunshine in spring and 30% in the future. In order to adjust the light, families who grow flowers on the balcony can set up a movable plastic support on the balcony, which takes time to open and does not need to be covered, so as to ensure the illumination time of orchids. 3. Fertilizer supply. When the orchid plant is dormant, semi-dormant and just put on the pot, the fertilizer can not be absorbed; in the season of high air humidity, too much fertilizer and water will increase the heavy burden on the root system of the orchid. In order to ensure safety, orchids generally do not apply fertilizer during the dormant period, and it is not suitable to apply fertilizer on the roots when the plants are just put on the pot. 4. Sterilize and disinfect. Around the place where orchids are cultivated and flowerpots, virus clear, chlorothalonil and other drugs can be sprayed once every 7 days, and insecticides such as omethoate and trichlorfon are sprayed every 10 days. It should be noted that 2 hours after the application of insecticidal drugs, the foliage of orchids should be sprayed with clear water to avoid drug damage.

1. Basin soil requirements: neutral and acidic soil with a large amount of decaying, loose and good drainage is the best, and the PH value is generally about 5.5 to 6.5. Emei Immortal soil and "Xinghong Brand" are mostly used in Sichuan to refine orchid plantations. More commonly, orchids are cultivated with "bamboo root mud" and rotten leaf soil under mountain embellish forests. 2. Place of placement: orchids can be cultivated outdoors and on the balcony in spring, summer and autumn, requiring good ventilation, moist air and no environmental pollution. Of course, it is good to be close to the pond and riverside, at least trees or bamboo forests and sunshade nets should be placed to reduce the sun exposure and lower the temperature. The orchid basin had better be put on the wooden frame (or steel frame). If you put it on the ground with bricks, the home balcony can also use tin to make small water storage pads on bricks to increase humidity. 3. Proper shading: orchids are mostly semi-shady plants, and most species are afraid of direct sunlight and need proper shading. Orchids can go to the net and open windows in the first and middle of April to promote their growth. In May, except for the noon sun, it can shine for 6 hours; from June, it will be shaded all-weather, and after October, it can be fully open for maintenance except Zhongyang. Remember the proverb: "there are many leaves in the shade and many flowers in the sun." 4. Rational fertilization: orchids eat "vegetarian". Fertilization depends on the selected potted soil and growth. Those with luxuriant growth and no disease can be fertilized, while those with poor growth should not be fertilized or a small amount of fertilizer. Newly planted orchids with incomplete potted roots need to be fertilized after 2 years. In general, when the leaf buds of orchids extend about 1.5 cm from June to July, mature liquid fertilizer is applied every three weeks (the concentration should be about 10%). Avoid using chemical fertilizer, if it is not suitable to apply fertilizer in high temperature season, apply diluted liquid fertilizer every two to three weeks from August to September. Orchid every fertilization should be carried out in the evening, watering clear water in the morning, called "backwater". 5, appropriate watering: orchid watering with Rain Water and spring water is better, tap water or rice water should be used overnight. When watering, pour from the edge of the basin, not into the bud. The amount of watering should be determined according to the air temperature, the degree of dryness and humidity of the basin soil and the growth of bluegrass. The leaves are mostly watered, but the leaves are thinly watered. From April to May, the new bud has not yet grown soil, the basin soil should be dry, too wet new bud is easy to rot; June-September is the orchid bud growth period, the amount of water should be increased, every sunny morning or watering once, do not water at noon hot sun. To reduce the amount of water in autumn, foliar spray water can be used to keep the basin soil moist, and the amount of water should be controlled in winter to keep it "80% dry and 20% wet". 6. Evening spray: orchids originally grow in a humid environment, so in the dry season, in addition to shading, they must also be sprayed in the evening to increase air humidity and lower temperature; they can also be watered on the potted orchid ground (Mesa). "one cold and one hot" can more stimulate the growth of orchids. 7. Prevent wind and rain: the old leaves of "February Ghost Wind" are normal, and withered branches and leaves can be cut off. Orchids can be caught in light rain, but avoid moldy rain, heavy rain or continuous rain, otherwise they are prone to rotten hearts and rotten leaves. In Rain Water's season, you can sprinkle a small amount of plant ash appropriately. 8. Pruning and picking flowers: in orchid culture, withered, yellow, broken leaves and diseased leaves should often be cut off. To facilitate ventilation. For precious orchids, if there are too many flower buds, only strong buds are left, and it is appropriate to have 2 flower buds in each pot. Spring orchids are removed half a month after flowering, precious orchids should be removed in 7 days, spring leaf buds grow and thrive, and it will be better to bloom in the coming year. When the last flower on the inflorescence of summer orchid blooms for a week, cut it 3 centimeters from the basin. 9, cold protection and warmth: orchids have different varieties, different places of origin, and different cold resistance, so the time of entering the room in winter and the location placed indoors are also different. Cold orchid, autumn orchid and orchid grow in the south, it is appropriate to enter the room (or close the window and fence) when the temperature is 5 ℃, and put it in the south sunny place as far as possible. And spring, summer orchid cold resistance, can not enter the room until 0 ℃, can be placed in the northeast. Before and after noon when there is no wind on a sunny day, windows should be opened to the south or southeast to draw nets for ventilation. Qiulan is not allowed to open windows on a sunny day of 1 ℃ 2 degrees Celsius. Of course, there is a greenhouse, you can use electric heating. 10, disease prevention and pest control: the basin soil should generally be sterilized (hot sun exposure can also be) to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Orchids are most prone to white silk disease in rainy and high temperature seasons. a small amount can be brushed off with wet cloth, and the pot can be sprayed every 10 days with 500, 800 times Bordeaux liquid or topzine. Insect pests are mainly caused by scale insects (commonly known as "blue lice"), which are sprayed once a week with 1000 times of omethoate and 25% imidophos EC during incubation. To get to the root of the problem, the pot should be dense and appropriate, put high and low, increase ventilation and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Introduction of Orchid varieties (Picture) Orchid is a precious ornamental plant. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 700 genera and 20,000 species in the world, and many new varieties are discovered and cultivated every year. According to their ecological habits, orchids are mainly divided into three categories: terrestrial orchids, aerial orchids and saprophytic orchids. As most of the varieties of terrestrial orchids are native to China, they are also known as Chinese orchids and are listed as the top ten famous flowers in China. Chinese orchids are mainly spring orchid, cymbidium, Jianlan, cold orchid, cymbidium, there are thousands of horticultural varieties. 1, Chunlan Chunlan, also known as mountain orchid, grass orchid, Pudi orchid, Pudi E, blossoming incense. The main characteristics of Cymbidium are as follows: root: the root of Cymbidium is slender and cylindrical, usually 20-40 cm long and 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, occasionally beyond this range. Roots tapering from base to tip, usually unbranched. Stem: the pseudobulb of Cymbidium is more obvious, slightly spherical or oval, smaller, enclosed in the leaf base and sheath, clustered, 1-1.6 cm high and 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter. Leaves: Cymbidium leaves 4-7, tufted, narrow band-shaped, leaves 20-55 cm long, 0.6-1.7 cm wide; leaves are thin leathery, soft, green to dark green; leaves are spreading. Flowers: spring orchid blossoms from February to March, the early flowering stage is in mid-February, the flowering stage is from late February to early March, and the last flowering stage begins in mid-March. Scape arising from the inside of sheath-shaped leaves at the base of pseudobulb, cylindrical, erect, shorter than leaf blade, 2-15 cm long, 1-or 2-flowered per scape; flowers 4-8 cm in diameter, mostly fragrant; flower color varies greatly, from light yellowish green, green, yellowish white, light brown to other colors, generally with variegated veins and spots. Chunlan is one of the orchids with the longest history of cultivation in China. There are descriptions and brilliant images of Chunlan in many ancient poems and paintings. Chunlan has strong adaptability and wide distribution. Investigations in recent years show that Cymbidium is widely distributed on forest margins, forest clearings, scrub grass cities and stony hillsides in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Zhejiang and other places. In the long-term cultivation and breeding, many rare, rare and peculiar varieties have been selected from Chunlan, which are briefly introduced as follows: the main plum petal varieties: Songmei, Xi Shenmei, Wanzi, Yipin, Jiyuan, Tianzhangmei, Cai Mei, Cuiwen, Cuiyun, Jizi and so on. The main lotus petal varieties: Zheng Xiaohe, Lvyun, Cui Gaihe, Global Lotus Ding, Gao he, Zhang Hesu, Songxiasu, Yuepesu, Wen Tuansu, Wen Yansu and so on. The main varieties of Narcissus petal: Wang Zi, Suyue Xian, Xizi, Longzi, Chun Yipin, Cui Yipin, Cai Xianxian, Yichun Xian, Taiji, Qifeng and so on. In recent years, many new varieties with ornamental value have been discovered, such as Tianpeng Peony, Splendid China, prosperous Peony, Guanshen and so on. (the picture below shows the first flower of 20081026 Huanglong Mountain Orchid 20090209)

2. Cymbidium is a widely distributed terrestrial orchid, which has a long cultivation history as well as Chunlan. Now its characteristics are introduced as follows: root: the root of Cymbidium is thick and short, 21-35 cm long, 0.5-1 cm in diameter, the base is slightly thicker than the front end of the root, unbranched. Stem: pseudobulb inconspicuous, clustered, 1.4-1.8 cm high, 0.8-1.3 cm in diameter, oval in shape. Leaves: 5-8 clumps, 30-140 cm long, or even longer, 0.6-1.3 cm wide, narrow band, base often folded, erect, upper leaf slightly curved, thin leathery, hard texture; midrib obvious, translucent, protruding to the back of the leaf, parallel veins are also obvious; leaf margin coarsely serrated, rough, middle and lower depth concave, transverse section is "U" shaped Leaf tip acuminate, midvein symmetrical on both sides; petiole scar inconspicuous; sheath-shaped leaves thinly leathery, 7-15 cm long; leaf base of mature seedlings gradually separated, not clasping; flowers: flowering from April to May, early in mid-April, flowering in late April, late flowering in May; 1-2 arrows, orange-yellow flowers with deep purplish red veins and spots; flowers usually have strong aroma. Because of its long cultivation history, many traditional varieties of Cymbidium have been cultivated, such as Shanghai plum, old Shanghai plum, old dyed word, Guanding, Cheng Hai, Yuanzi, pan green, old best, Ruimei, sparrow plum and so on. 3. Jianlan Jianlan is also known as Sijilan, Xia Hui, Xia Lan, Qiu Lan, Qiu Hui, Jianhui and so on. Jianlan is mainly distributed in Taiwan, Fujian, Zhejiang and other places. Root: the root of Jian Lan is stout, 20-25 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, branched. Stem: pseudobulbs clustered, ellipsoid, slightly longitudinally flattened; 1-1.5 cm high and 1.2-1.7 cm in diameter. Leaves: leaves 2-6 clump, narrowly banded, slightly glossy, 20-65 cm long and 1-2 cm wide; leaves erect and sturdy, upper slightly oblique; thin leathery, hard; flat, dark green. Flowers: the flowering period of Jian Orchid is from July to October, usually blooming twice, about a month apart; the early flowering stage is as early as early July and the full flowering stage is in mid-July; the initial flowering stage of the second flowering is in early August and the middle flowering stage is in the middle of July; if the first flower blooms late, the second flower will bloom as late as early August; it will bloom in early September and enter the last flowering stage in mid-September. There are 1-2 arrows, 3-9 flowers, or even more; when flowering, the ovary turns 180 degrees and gives off a strong aroma; the flowers are of medium size, about 4.3-6.2 cm in diameter; the flowers vary greatly in color, often yellowish green, with purple and purple veins and spots. Jianlan is deeply loved by the broad masses of people. it has a long history of cultivation in China, and there are many traditional famous products, and many new varieties have been found in recent years. Generally speaking, Jianlan can be divided into two categories: color heart and vegetarian heart, and the common famous products are: silver Dagong, Rocks of Eighteen Scholars, Yang Tianxiao, Golden ponytail, Treasure Island Fairy and so on.

4. Cold orchid root: the root of cold orchid is thinner, 20-30 cm long and 0.4-0.6 cm in diameter. Branched. Stem: pseudo-bulb clustered in clusters, 2-4 cm high, 1.2-2 cm in diameter, long oval or narrowly ovoid, enclosed in the leaf base. Leaves: leaves 3-7 tufted, banded, thinly leathery, dark green, glossy or dull; leaf blade 40-80 cm long, 0.9-3.5 cm wide, spreading, upper finger drooping; midvein conspicuous, protruding abaxially; entire or apex denticulate, leaf apex acuminate, midvein symmetrical on both sides; petiole scar obvious; sheath-shaped leaves thinly leathery, 10-12 cm long. Flowers: cold orchid scape arising from the inside of sheath-like leaves at the base of the pseudobulb, 25-60-(80) cm long, Terete, erect; quilt 5-8, 5-7 cm long, membranous, translucent, clasping scape, often with strong and persistent aroma; flowers large, 6-9 cm in diameter; flowers of various colors, such as yellow-green, purplish red, dark purple, etc., usually with mottled veins and spots. The flowering period of cold orchid varies from region to region, usually from October to November, but there are also July and January flowering, and even April-May flowering, so in recent years, people think that cold orchid should be divided into spring cold orchid, summer cold orchid, autumn cold orchid and so on. Hanlan is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Taiwan, Japan and other places. There are many good varieties, such as: Canyue, Sufeng, not old white, sun to white dragon and so on.

5. Mulangen: the root of Mulan is strong and long. Stem: pseudobulb ellipsoid or ovoid, clustered; 1.4-2.5 cm in diam. Leaves: leaves 3-5 tufted; banded, entire, subleathery, dark green, glossy, upper spreading outward, lower articulated; 60-90 cm long and 2-4.2 cm wide. Flowers: scape emanating from the base of the pseudobulb, usually taller than the leaf surface, erect; there are 7-20 flowers, medium size, 4-5 cm in diam., flowers of various colors, but mostly purple-brown with deep purple veins, flowers often fragrant; bracts small, with nectaries at base; sepals narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, petals shorter and wider than sepals, extending forward, covering over gynostem. Mo Lan, also known as New year Orchid, New year Orchid, Fengshui Orchid, Renxian Orchid. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan and other provinces, and has a long history of cultivation in China. After several generations of orchid lovers' careful cultivation and screening, there have been a lot of fine and famous products spread in the world, such as: Datun Kirin, rich and famous orchid, Jifu Longmei and eighteen proud plums, colorful dragons and so on. 6. Spring Jian is often called authentic Sichuan orchid. Although there are famous products in Yun, Gui and Sichuan, Sichuan orchid is the most expensive. There are red, yellow, white, green, purple, black and complex colors, gorgeous and dazzling, slim appearance, elegant charm, pure fragrance, often the first choice for orchid farmers. Orchid seeds are haploid and basically cannot develop into plants unless your orchid seeds double the number of genes in the process of formation. And orchids vary greatly, and the seeds are no longer the original orchids. There is now a method of orchid seed reproduction, which is produced by using aseptic medium plus auxin, but this method is impossible for ordinary families. The reproduction of orchids are meristematic reproduction, seed reproduction are all variants, this kind of polyploid variation, the natural formation rate is very low.

Breeding methods, matters needing attention and key points for maintenance of Cymbidium

1. The daily cultivation method of Cymbidium is like semi-shade, and the temperature is 10 to 25 degrees. It is suitable to grow in loose and fertile soil with slightly acidic organic matter. Daily maintenance of Cymbidium should be how to water, fertilize, dimming, change pots, see > the breeding methods and key points of Cymbidium

Cymbidium can be used as flower beds or cut flowers in South China, and indoor potted plants in East China and the north of the Yangtze River basin. The magnolia is native to the tropics. Like semi-overcast, the temperature of 10 to 25 degrees is the most suitable, suitable for growth in loose and fertile slightly acidic organic matter soil. Under normal circumstances, the orchid blossoms once a year, and if the indoor cultivation temperature is appropriate, it can blossom before and after the Spring Festival. The gentleman orchid, known as the flower of wealth, generally blossoms once a year, rarely blossoms twice a year, while those that bloom three times are rare. First, the root of Cymbidium belongs to fleshy root, which is suitable for growing in loose, fertile and breathable soil, so the soil for cultivating Magnolia should meet the above requirements. Second, fertilizing Magnolia has the fastest vegetative growth rate in winter and needs the most nutrients. therefore, it is very important to apply winter fertilizer well. Before entering the room, flowerpots should be watered with bone powder, fried sesame, cooked soybeans or compound fertilizer every 15 to 20 days, and the roots can also be watered with soaking solution of animal and plant residues. It is necessary to ensure that the fertilizer is ripened and applied lightly to prevent the injury of thick fertilizer. The fertilization of Cymbidium should be determined according to the size, variety, growth and development of Cymbidium. Too much fertilizer or too little fertilizer will not work. Too much will lead to root burning, too little, lack of nutrition, leaves obviously narrower, and not straight. Third, watered magnolia is a fleshy root, angry and afraid of water stains. In addition, the leaves of Cymbidium have waxy layer, the temperature is low in winter, and the transpiration and evaporation of water are less. Therefore, watering should not be too much, only combined with fertilization watering, to keep the basin soil moist. Must not be flooded with water, resulting in rotten roots and dead seedlings. Remember the principle of watering-do not water, if you want to water, you must water thoroughly. Do not water a little at a time, that kind of superficial practice, the gentleman orchid is particularly harmful. In addition, pay attention to the watering time, preferably in the morning or evening, at noon in summer, the temperature is very high, not suitable for watering, there is another point is that watering should avoid the flower heart, so as not to cause bad heart. 4. The most suitable temperature for the growth of Cymbidium was 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, 10 ℃ stopped growing and 0 ℃ suffered frost injury. Therefore, it must be kept warm and frost-proof in winter. After the flower stem is extracted, it is suitable to keep it at about 18 ℃. If the temperature is too high, the leaf and flower moss are only long and thin, the flower quality is poor, and the florescence is short; the temperature is too low, the flower stem is short, it is easy to be born prematurely (flowering), which affects the quality and reduces the ornamental value. Fifth, dimming gentleman orchid likes to scatter light, avoid direct strong light. Winter indoor maintenance, flowerpots should be placed in a place with plenty of light. Especially before flowering, there should be good light, which is beneficial to the development and firmness of flower buds. After flowering, proper cooling, avoiding strong light and keeping good ventilation are beneficial to prolong the flowering period. Sixth, protecting leaves, fat and strong flowers, colorful chlorophyll, short, wide, thick, green, bright and strong leaves are the characteristics of healthy orchids, which are the basis for promoting flowering and improving ornamental value. To maintain strong leaf quality, in addition to providing reasonable fertilizer and water, it is necessary to keep the leaf surface clean in order to improve photosynthetic efficiency. The methods of leaf protection are as follows: one is to wash the leaves regularly and spray or wipe the dust on the leaves with the same water to keep the leaves clean; the other is to spray fungicides in time to prevent the occurrence of leaf spot, leaf blight and stem rot and ensure that the leaves are green and the flowers are beautiful. Seventh, pour the pot gentleman orchid grows up, need to change it a big basin, this is "pour the basin to change the soil". The best time to change soil is in spring and autumn, because the orchid grows vigorously at this time and will not affect the growth of the plant. The most important thing to change soil is to fill the root with soil, otherwise if there is no soil in the root, then water and nutrients will not reach the root, which is easy to cause rotten root. The family maintenance of Magnolia should mainly start from the aspects of temperature and humidity, soil, moisture, light, nutrition and so on. The knowledge and main points of family care of gentleman orchid

Cymbidium is suitable for indoor culture, which is mainly determined by its internal structure and physiological function. Magnolia is an evergreen perennial herb with strong shade tolerance and thick, dark green leaves. Mesophyll contains a lot of chlorophyll, which can absorb carbon dioxide and water in sunlight, synthesize organic matter for its own growth and development, and release oxygen at the same time. In addition, the broad and thick leaves of Cymbidium grow many pores and villi, which can secrete a lot of mucus, and in the process of gas exchange, they can absorb a large amount of dust, dust and harmful gases in the room, making the indoor air clean. Therefore, Cymbidium is also known as "absorption machine" and "dust collector", the protector of human health. So how can this healthy patron saint grow and develop healthily in your home? The family maintenance of Magnolia should mainly start from the aspects of temperature and humidity, soil, moisture, light, nutrition and so on. As the orchid is native to the mountain forests of South Africa, where the natural environment is like spring all the year round, various parts of the organs of the plant have adapted to this lukewarm natural environment. Therefore, in the daily maintenance process, the temperature should be controlled between 15-25 degrees. When the temperature drops below 10 degrees, the growth and development of Magnolia is slow, when it falls below 0 degrees, it will freeze to death. Similarly, when the temperature reaches or exceeds 30 degrees, it will seriously affect the normal growth and development of Magnolia. Water is an important part of Cymbidium. According to the determination, 60% of the moisture in the orchid body is 80% of the moisture, especially its fleshy roots have a strong water storage function and strong resistance to drought. Gentleman orchid likes neutral water, clean and pollution-free tap water, well water, river water and so on can be used for watering, but because the water temperature of fresh tap water and well water is lower than the soil temperature and contains some impurities, it should be placed for 1-2 days before use. As for watering, there is also a lot of fastidiousness. The best way for a gentleman's orchid seedling is to spray it with a sprinkler. Spray the nozzle up to the leaf, which has the advantage of not only watering the flowers, but also washing dust, leaving fog beads on the leaf surface to ensure a certain humidity on the leaf surface, and water evaporation in the sun can reduce the leaf surface temperature and prevent sunburn. But the flowering magnolia can not be watered by sprinkler irrigation to waterproof into the leaf sheath resulting in rotten heart, for the flowering magnolia can only be irrigated into the basin. Then when and how much water is appropriate? This mainly depends on the ambient temperature of the magnolia. The general watering principle is "see wet see dry, do not dry do not water, dry thoroughly". Watering thoroughly is to keep all the roots of the orchid in the same humidity. Judging whether the water is thoroughly watered or not can not be determined only according to whether there is water flowing out from the bottom of the basin. Because sometimes the basin soil hardens and shrinks into a ball after drying, and after watering, water flows quickly from the basin wall to the basin bottom and out from the bottom hole. The central part of the basin soil does not even touch a little water. If you stop watering at this time, it will wilt the leaves of Magnolia and form an arrow when it is running. A simple and effective watering method is to soak all the flowerpots in a basin or bucket filled with water, soak for half a minute and then take them out. But the disadvantage of doing so is that the nutrients in the soil are relatively easy to lose, so if you want to make the magnolia have deep roots and big leaves, you should also pay attention to replenish it in time. The nutritional elements needed by Magnolia mainly come from organic fertilizers, such as bean cake, peanut cruller, animal offal and so on. Under normal circumstances, it can be applied in spring and autumn within a year. In spring, it was applied once in late April and early May after flowering, and again from mid-September to late October after fruit harvest in autumn. Magnolia is a humid plant, which requires high humidity of the growing environment. Its most suitable humidity range is 70%, 80%. The magnolia growing in such an environment has green leaves, clear veins, short, wide, neat leaves and high ornamental value. However, due to the limitations of the home environment, it is difficult for ordinary families to meet this standard. This is also the main reason why many people can not raise gentleman orchids well. The sunshine plants of the genus Cymbidium are not strict in light requirements, as long as the temperature is suitable, the light time is longer or shorter can blossom normally, and short-day sunshine in winter and spring is more conducive to flowering. Good lighting is an important condition to ensure the bright color of gentleman orchids. But it still likes the weak light, especially the strong light. The leaves of Cymbidium have phototaxis, and if they are placed indoors for a long time, the leaves must be deflected in the direction of the sun. As far as its plant shape is concerned, it is difficult to look sideways at a line and look squarely at the ornamental effect of opening a fan. The arrangement of the gentleman orchid must be in the north-south direction, not in the north-south direction. What if the leaves grow too long? Can pull up the two leaves after clamping up, can be surrounded by a playing card so that it does not hurt the leaves, then the leaves will be corrected in 20 days. The sturdy fleshy roots of Cymbidium not only store enough water, but also put forward higher requirements for the soil on which they live. Only the nutritious soil with good permeability, loose texture and rich humus is suitable for the growth of fleshy roots of Cymbidium. The rotten leaves or pine hairs of Cymbidium must be fermented before they can be used. Without fermentation, it is easy to burn the roots. Cymbidium must change the soil once a year. The time and times of toppling and changing soil of Cymbidium depends on the size and season of the seedlings. Like these grown-up orchids, they have to change their soil once a year. The best time to change soil is in spring and autumn, because the orchid grows vigorously at this time and will not affect the growth of the plant. Take out the magnolia from the basin, cut off the rotten roots and the old roots without absorptive capacity, and remove the waste soil. Cover the drainage hole of the flowerpot with broken pieces, fill it with 2-5 cm thick nutritious soil, grab a handful of soil to add to the inside of the root, and then put the plant in the pot. When filling the nutrient soil into the pot to half the height of the pot, gently press down with your hand along the edge of the pot, so that the roots stand in the basin and are not easy to bend. The key point of soil replacement is to fill the roots with soil. Otherwise, there is no soil in the root, water and nutrients can not reach the root, which is easy to cause rotten root and arrow entrapment. After changing the nutritious soil, pour water thoroughly. In fact, in the final analysis, the maintenance knowledge of gentleman orchid is far more than these, and a lot of maintenance knowledge also depends on orchid farmers to explore and accumulate in practice. But you don't have to worry, because many orchids enthusiasts also know that it is difficult to raise a good orchid, but it is not easy to raise it, although this is a joke, but it also shows on the other hand that the orchid is not so delicate. As long as you do more work and pay more attention in ordinary times, you will certainly be able to cultivate a gentleman orchid with luxuriant leaves and bright flowers, and life can naturally add some beauty and fun. 2. the four seasons maintenance of Cymbidium generally change the pot before going out every 1 ~ 2 years in spring (flowering plants should be changed in autumn). Gentleman orchid bogey strong light direct, the flowerpot should be moved to a cool place in time after summer, the light intensity is gradually weakened in autumn, and the light time should be gradually increased to facilitate flower bud differentiation. The indoor air humidity had better be kept at 60%-70% in winter. > > detailed points of management and maintenance of orchids in four seasons: 1. Orchids generally change pots before going out every 1-2 years in spring (flowering plants should be changed in autumn). As the root of the orchid is long, it is appropriate to use a deep flowerpot, and pad a layer of coal ash or coarse sand at the bottom of the pot as a drainage layer, and apply a small amount of bone powder as base fertilizer (not block base fertilizer to prevent rotting roots). Spray some water on the plant after changing the basin, but do not water it immediately to avoid root wound infection. Wait 2-3 days before watering thoroughly. After leaving the room, put the half-light shelter for maintenance. Watering is appropriate to keep the basin soil moist. 2, the gentleman orchid bogey bright light direct, after the summer should move the flowerpot to the shady place in time, watering should see the dry see wet. Due to the high temperature and strong sunshine in summer, the key to the management of Magnolia in summer is to prevent the bright light from being exposed directly, and strive to create a cool environment to make it safe to spend the summer. If the light and water and fertilizer management are not well controlled at this time, it is easy to burn the leaves or cause rotting roots. For this reason, in summer, you need to put the flowerpot where the light can be seen in the morning and evening, move to the shady place or the place with bright scattered light in the room around noon, and often sprinkle water on the ground to humidify and cool down. Fertilization should be suspended when the temperature is above 25 degrees. 3. The light intensity weakens gradually in autumn, and the light time should be increased gradually to facilitate flower bud differentiation. At the same time, liquid fertilizer containing more phosphorus and potassium should be applied for 2 times. In order to promote its winter flowering, it must go through a period of low temperature before flowering, that is, do not rush to move it indoors in mid-autumn, put it in a sunny place, water less, do not apply fertilizer, and let it undergo a low temperature exercise of about 5 degrees for about half a month, and then enter the room. After entering the room, put it in a sunny place and pay attention to proper ventilation. The room temperature is not less than 15 degrees during the day and not less than 5 degrees at night. Wipe the leaves with water close to room temperature every week or so. 4. In winter, the indoor air humidity had better be kept at 60%-70%, and the basin soil should be kept moist. Before the adult magnolia flower mullion, we should pay attention to improve the room temperature, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and then blossom on time. Spring: the sun is soft and the temperature is suitable in spring, which is the best time for the growth of Cymbidium. Timely maintenance of Cymbidium in spring is very important to the growth, development and bud blooming of the same year and beyond. > Out of the room at the right time: the gentleman orchid who overwinters indoors should be moved to outdoor maintenance as the spring temperature picks up. The appropriate time to leave the room is generally around Ching Ming Festival in the temperate zone and about half a month in the cold area. You can also get out of the room when the temperature is above 15 ℃. Windows should be opened for ventilation 1 and 2 days before leaving the room, and after leaving the room, the leeward and semi-shade should be placed first. After gradually adapting to the external environment, it should be moved to the sunny and ventilated place to fully receive the light. Pot change ramet: the pot change time of adult gentleman orchids is generally carried out after flowering in spring, and plants that do not bloom in spring can change pots when they come out of the room. After depotting, the persistent soil and withered roots were removed and replaced with new culture soil to increase nutrients and permeability. The stereotyped plants are still cultivated in the original pot, while the growing plants are cultivated in a larger pot. If there are tillering buds at the base of the plant, there are 3-4 leaves and the plant height is more than 10 cm, it should be combined with changing pots. Those who can take root are cut off from the mother plant with a sterilized knife, those who cannot take root are broken off by hand, and the wound is coated with sulfur powder or plant ash for antiseptic. The single plant with root is planted in a small basin, and those without root are cultivated with fine sand first, and then maintained in the basin after rooting. Watering and fertilization: due to the rising temperature in spring and the plant entering the initial stage of growth, the water demand is increasing day by day, the number of watering and the amount of water should be from less to more, but to keep the basin soil moist. After the slow growth of Cymbidium in winter, there are few nutrients in the body, especially after arrows and flowering, its nutrients are exhausted, so it is necessary to supplement nutrients timely and appropriately to meet the requirements of growth and development in spring. In spring, the plant is in the stage of new leaves and leaf length and width, and nitrogen fertilizer should be the main fertilizer. The rarefied liquid fertilizer is usually applied about 10 days after leaving the room, and the concentration is flexibly controlled according to the growth and temperature. If the compound fertilizer should be applied on the edge of the basin, the quantity should be less rather than more. Promoting buds and promoting flowers: gentleman orchids with the habit of pulling arrows in late winter and early spring and blooming in early spring, in order to avoid arrows entrapment and affect flowering due to low temperature at this time, the indoor temperature should be increased 2-3 weeks before arrow drawing, and the amount of water should be increased, and liquid fertilizer should be applied once a day in 7-10 days or compound fertilizer dominated by phosphorus and potassium once a month. In addition, 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ water can be used to irrigate the soil, and 25 ℃ water can be sprayed on the leaf surface to keep the indoor temperature at 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ as far as possible, which can promote the plant to shoot and bud quickly and blossom in time. As soon as the flower unfolds, it is necessary to water less, stop fertilizing, and move the plant to a low temperature place to prolong the viewing time. Prevention and control of diseases and pests: with the rise of temperature, the diseases and insects in the dormant period begin to spread, invade the plant and affect its growth and development. 0.3-0.5 Baume-sulfur mixture can be used to spray plant leaves and bulbs once every 10 days for 2 or 3 times in a row, which can not only prevent diseases, but also kill overwintering pests. Summer: the summer management of Cymbidium is very important, and effective measures must be taken to ensure that Cymbidium spends its summer safely: shelter from the sun, cooling and humidification, proper watering and controlled fertilization. Safe cultivation methods of family potted Magnolia in summer

Magnolia is a valuable potted flower with both flowers and leaves, which belongs to Amaryllidaceae. The magnolia leaves are graceful and resemble swords, so they are also called sword leaf litmus. The leaf base is folded into scales, gushing flat and shiny like a sturdy fountain. The gentleman orchid is a wide-leaky bucket-shaped, umbel-shaped inflorescence, 10 to 18 gather into a ball, the flower stem is drawn from the leaves and grows erect, the petals are 6-lobed, the flowers are orange-red, and the flowering period can be as long as one month in winter and spring. The varieties of orchids are generally divided into narrow-leaf orchids, flowering orchids and laughing orchids, and the latter two are commonly cultivated. Magnolia is native to southern Africa and grows under big trees, so it is not only afraid of heat but not cold-resistant, like semi-shady and humid environment, afraid of strong direct sunlight, the best temperature for growth is between 18 ℃ and 22, below 5 ℃, above 30 ℃, growth is inhibited. Gentleman orchids like a ventilated environment, like deep, fertile and loose soil, which is suitable for indoor cultivation. The summer management of Cymbidium is very important, and effective measures must be taken to ensure that Cymbidium spends its summer safely. Shelter from the sun in summer, you should put the gentleman orchid in a well-ventilated environment with no strong light. Gentleman orchid is a medium-light flower, suitable for the soft light of spring and autumn, not suitable for hot sun exposure. In summer, it is best to put the potted plants under the shade shed, and the sun penetrates through the cracks in the shade shed, so that the plants can receive weaker light. It is ideal to place it in a place where direct sunlight can be shielded from direct sunlight at noon and can be seen sooner or later. Generally speaking, summer shading should reach more than 60% and 70%. Cool and humidify the magnolia in a ventilated place in summer. If the ambient temperature is above 35 ℃, the water in the soil evaporates too fast, which will make the water and nutrients of Cymbidium fall short of demand. Therefore, it is best to put the Magnolia basin on the pool or basin (with a wooden board), and often spray water around the plant and on the leaves, so as to improve the warm and humid environment of the orchid, so that it can grow in a small environment with a humidity of less than 25 ℃ and a humidity of 60% Rue 70%, in order to safely spend the summer and promote the growth of the orchid in summer. Properly watered magnolia is native to the primeval forest of South Africa, which makes it special in morphology and physiological function. Cymbidium has broad leaves and tender texture, which requires high soil water content and high air humidity. In the hot summer, the orchid grows slowly, the root system absorbs less water, but the foliar water evaporation is very large. Therefore, the gentleman orchid can not lack of water, otherwise the fleshy root shrinks, the leaf shape is thin and dull. When watering, we should adhere to the principle of watering half dry and watering thoroughly. But you can't water the topsoil as soon as it's dry. Otherwise, the potted soil is in a moist state for a long time, and it is easy to rot roots and yellow leaves. When watering, you must be careful not to let the water flow into the heart of the leaves, so as not to cause rotten heart disease and lead to "beheading". Watering is an important link in the cultivation of Cymbidium. Watering the orchid can generally be chosen in the following order: live water, magnetized water, natural precipitation, well water, tap water. The amount of water can be watered according to the following principles: those who belong to small pots and florets, high temperature, good ventilation, fast transpiration, prosperous growth and good soil permeability should be watered more, and vice versa. Many people think that the root of Magnolia is easy to rot, so it is appropriate to take a small amount of watering and fertilization, as a result, it is lack of water and fertilizer all the year round, and its growth is slow. Experience has proved that gentleman orchids must be "flooded". They should not wait until the basin soil is dry, and the basin soil should be watered when it is semi-dry, so that the basin soil can always remain moist. If the pot soil is too dry to water thoroughly for a while, you can put the flowerpot in the water pot, and the water depth is 1 stroke 3 of the flowerpot. Soak the basin soil slowly. It is better to use a spray can for watering, and the spray should be uniform. Xiaolan and Zhonglan can water the leaves directly, and adult orchids, especially before and after pulling arrows, must not water the leaves to prevent rotten arrows. This pair can be sprayed with sprayers, but do not cause water to enter the heart, to prevent rotten heart, rotten arrows and even rotten heads. Cymbidium has well-developed fleshy roots, can store more water and has a certain degree of drought resistance. According to general experience, the soil water content should be about 30%, dry and re-irrigated on the surface of the basin soil, once every 5 days in winter, once every 2 days in spring and autumn, and increase the number of watering times in summer. Less water is needed at the seedling stage and more at the flowering stage. When watering, do not pour water on the leaves to prevent decay. When it is found that there is dust on the leaves, you can use a soft cloth to gently wipe the leaves, or you can use a soft brush, do not wash the leaves with water. Controlled fertilization, gentleman orchid likes fertilizer, but too much fertilizer will cause rotten roots, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, it is appropriate to adopt the method of "thin fertilizer and more fertilizer". Apply base fertilizer when changing pots. If the fermented solid fertilizer is applied every other month in spring and autumn, and liquid fertilizer is applied once a week, it is best not to topdressing in winter and summer, and the whole plant can grow slowly depending on the nutrients accumulated in spring and autumn. When applying solid fertilizer, peel open the basin soil and bury it 2 cm deep. Do not directly touch the root system to avoid burns. When applying liquid fertilizer, it is better to apply fertilizer: water = 1:40 for small seedlings, 1:20 for large and medium seedlings, early morning to apply fertilizer, and avoid splashing on leaves. After applying liquid fertilizer, one should be watered in time, but the water does not need much. On the one hand, it will dissolve fertilizer. On the other hand, the new fleshy root can be rinsed to prevent damage to the new root. The types of fertilizers are different in different seasons. Partial application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in winter and spring, such as bone meal, etc.; partial application of nitrogen fertilizer in autumn, such as bean cake water; extra-root topdressing is commonly used in summer, spraying leaf surface with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate, and extra-root topdressing can be carried out all year round. Gentleman orchid is suitable to use humus-rich soil, this kind of soil has good air permeability, good water permeability, and the soil is fertile and slightly acidic (pH6.5). About 20% sand grains are infiltrated into humus soil, which is beneficial to root maintenance. The pot used in cultivation increases gradually with the growth of the plant, and the 3-inch pot is suitable for the cultivation of one-year-old seedlings. Change 5-inch pots in the second year, and then change into larger flowerpots every 1-2 years, which can be carried out in spring and autumn. The summer temperature is high, the gentleman orchid is in the semi-dormant or dormant state, therefore, it is necessary to control fertilization, apply little or not as much as possible. Because its root absorptive capacity is weak in this period, if fertilizing or fertilizing a little more, fertilizer accumulates around the root system for a long time, which is easy to cause rotting root and rotting stem. But during this period, if the temperature of the growing environment of Cymbidium is below 25 ℃, some dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied properly to promote its growth and shorten its dormancy period; if the temperature drops below 20 ℃ and the humidity meets the requirements, fertilizer can be applied as usual. Autumn: after the Beginning of Autumn, it is the golden stage of the growth of Magnolia. In management, we must pay attention to the following points: first, enter the house at the right time, change the basin in time, match the basin soil, break the bud and divide the basin, pay attention to fertilization, control watering, and increase light. The autumn management of Magnolia should grasp seven main points: after the Beginning of Autumn, it is the golden stage of the growth of Cymbidium. We must pay attention to the following points in management: first, enter the house at the right time in order to make the orchid blossom normally, do not rush to move indoors in autumn, and should be treated outdoors for about 10 days after 5 ℃ of low temperature. During this period, less watering should be done, fertilizers should be stopped, and proper light should be given during the day. The gentleman orchid can endure the low temperature of about o ℃ for a short time, and the temperature of about 5 ℃ for a short time, so it will not be hurt. After low temperature treatment, it was moved indoors and maintained at 10: 15 ℃ without direct sunlight. Second, changing pots in time and raising large flowers in small pots is not conducive to plant growth. According to years of experience, a 10 cm basin is used for 2 to 4 leaves, 13 cm for 5 leaves, 17 cm for 9 leaves, 23 cm for 13 leaves, and 27 cm for more than 17 leaves. do not use plastic pots, porcelain pots, south mud basins, it is best to use simple ceramic pots. Third, it is best to use the mixture of rotten leaf soil, river sand and furnace ash at 6:2:2. If there is no rotten leaf soil, you can also use horse dung soil, river sand, furnace ash according to the proportion of 5:3:2 to prepare basin soil, not clay or alkaline soil. Fourth, break the buds into pots and grow buds, if they already have 5 leaves; take advantage of the autumn to change the basin to break off the buds, and put on the pot after the wound is smeared with charcoal powder or fine furnace ash. Fifth, pay attention to the vigorous growth of gentleman orchids in autumn, requiring a large amount of fertilizer, in addition to putting some fermented bean cake dregs, bone meal, fried hemp seeds or rabbit dung at the bottom of the basin as base fertilizer, you can also put some fried perilla, dried sesame, pig blood powder and so on in the upper part of the basin soil. If possible, fermented bean cake water or fish water can be applied every half a month. Sixth, control watering compared with summer, autumn gentleman orchid watering should be relatively reduced, basin soil can be kept moist, not dry do not water, the water is more easily rotten roots. Seventh, after increasing the lighting, the Beginning of Autumn should remove the summer sunshade facilities, so that the gentleman orchid can see as much sunshine as possible. If the room is overcast and there is too little sunlight, you can also supplement it with light for 1 hour or 2 hours. Red light is best, not white light. Winter: potted Magnolia should pay special attention to strengthen fertilizer and water management, soil management, temperature management and light regulation in winter. Potted Magnolia needs to strengthen management in winter

Cymbidium likes temperature, light and cold. Potted orchids should pay special attention to the following management in winter. Fertilizer and water management should apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Eggshell powder and retting fish water are good phosphate fertilizers, while bran ash and soot are easily available potash. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can also be applied to promote the germination of more new plants and leaves. Fertilization must be appropriate, do not apply thick fertilizer and unfermented raw fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause leaf tip scorch or rot. In winter, if the new leaves are spotted and the roots are yellow, it means that there is too much fertilization, while the narrow, thin and light color of the new leaves is a sign of lack of fertilizer. Soil management soil should not be too dry or too wet. Every time it is watered, it must be thoroughly watered, and some more should be watered after budding. Fermented bean cake water, fresh fish water or horseshoe water can be combined with watering every 20 days or so to combine watering and fertilization. Watering should be controlled when the room temperature is low to prevent the basin soil from getting too wet and causing rotten roots to die. The suitable temperature of Cymbidium in winter is 15 ℃ to 20 ℃, preferably not less than 10 ℃. After jumping, the temperature should be kept at about 18 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should be about 10 ℃, otherwise the flower arrow will blossom if it does not reach a proper height, and it is easy to form a "sandwiched arrow". Therefore, when the outdoor temperature is lower than 10 ℃ at night, it should be moved indoors. When the indoor temperature is lower than 10 ℃, in addition to covering the surface of the basin soil with a layer of charcoal powder with a thickness of 1 cm, it should also be placed in an indoor sunny warm place. When the indoor temperature is very low, you can cover the flowerpot with a thin film to heat up, but the temperature in the cover should not exceed 25 ℃. If it exceeds, it should be ventilated and cooled down. Adjust the light after the orchid enters the room, the light is limited and needs to be adjusted by moving the flowerpot manually. Usually, it should be placed in the sunny part of the room during the day so that it can shine into the sun. Before flowering, it should also be placed under fluorescent lamps for indoor supplementary lighting at night. Because the two rows of leaves of Cymbidium are opposite, if the light is in one position for a long time, it will make the leaves grow unevenly and affect the ornamental effect. To this end, the adjustment of light should pay attention to the direction of the leaves, every 10 days or so to change to the sunny side. 3. In order to cultivate the magnolia in water, we should first choose a good container. Generally speaking, it is better to use a transparent glass container. If you raise a seedling, you only need a glass can. For specific methods, please see > > the methods and key points of hydroponic cultivation of Magnolia.

Can also carry on the hydroponic culture to the gentleman orchid, its method is as follows: the container chooses to carry on the hydroponics to the gentleman orchid, first of all must choose the good container. Generally speaking, it is better to use a transparent glass container. If you raise a seedling, you only need a glass can. If you want to plant a lot of water, you can use fine wire to compile a metal mesh with a diameter of one centimeter, and make a glass hydroponic box slightly smaller than the metal mesh, or you can use a goldfish tank instead. Then the metal net was covered on the hydroponic box, and the seedlings of Cymbidium were inserted into the nutrient solution through the mesh, and the depth of the flower root in the culture medium did not exceed the limit of the false bulb of the root. The preparation of nutrient solution can be divided into inorganic and organic. The inorganic nutrient solution can be prepared according to the following proportion: calcium 1. 5 grams, ferrous sulfate 0. 01 grams, urea grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 grams, magnesium sulfate 0.5 grams, the above five inorganic salts together, dissolved in 1000 grams of water can be used. The organic culture solution was prepared as follows: fried flax seed flour 100g, bone powder (made of salt-free fresh bone) 100g, bean cake powder 150g, cooked sesame powder 50g, and then dissolved in 1000 grams of water. Compared with the above two kinds of nutrient solution, the composition of organic fertilizer is rich, but the nutrient content is not high, and the composition of inorganic fertilizer is relatively simple, but the fertilizer effect is high and the effect is fast. In order to learn from each other's strong points to offset their weaknesses, the two can be used together. If used alone, inorganic fertilizer is applied once a week, and organic fertilizer is applied once every 5 days. To cultivate magnolia with water, tap water cannot be directly used, but "trapped" water must be used. The so-called "trapped" water means putting tap water in a container and drying it in the sun for 3 minutes for 5 days to precipitate chlorides such as bleach that are harmful to the roots of magnolia. The "trapped" water, from the outside, the sediment changes from strips to lumps, and the color of the water is green. After "trapping" good water, the position of the submerged root must not submerge the false bulb. If the water level is too shallow, the magnolia can not get sufficient water supply, and if the water level is too deep (flooding the false bulb), it will cause root fester. In the process of breeding, we should pay more attention to observe the changes of water quality, and find that some roots turn yellow or black, indicating that the water is both anoxic and less fertile, and the water must be changed immediately. Whether the air, sunlight and temperature can deal with the ventilation of the roots of hydroponic orchid is the key to the success or failure of hydroponics. After a period of culture, there is a layer of moss on the root. When the moss is too thick, it will seriously affect the respiration of the root and corrode the culture medium. At this time, you need to gently brush off the moss layer with a soft and clean brush (you don't have to brush it clean, because a small amount of moss at the root has little effect). In addition, always check whether there is enough oxygen in the water. The method of inspection is to put two or three small fish into the water culture box. If the small fish swim freely in the water, it means that there is no lack of oxygen in the water. If the small fish always float to the surface, their mouths and gills are exposed to the surface to breathe, which means there is no oxygen in the water. It is found that after anoxia in the water, oxygen must be replenished. There are two methods: one is to change the water, and the other is to supply oxygen to the water with a small oxygen pump. In the treatment of sunlight, magnolia is a semi-yin-yang plant, we should pay attention to the light, especially in summer, to avoid the strong direct sunlight, so that it can receive scattered light. According to the light-oriented characteristics of the leaves of Cymbidium, we should pay attention to make the leaves receive light evenly, otherwise the length of the leaves is different, the growth direction will be scattered back and forth, and the illumination angle should be adjusted every two or three days. In terms of temperature treatment, the ambient temperature of adult Cymbidium should be 11 ℃-25 ℃, and the seedlings can be slightly higher, 20 ℃-35 ℃. The temperature difference between day and night should be mastered in orchid cultivation in water, which should be kept at about 20 ℃ during the day and not less than 15 ℃ at night in winter. 4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Cymbidium may occur all year round, but most of them occur in summer, which is mainly caused by the specific environment of high temperature and humidity and the lack of maintenance knowledge. > > the causes and rescue methods of root rot of Cymbidium may occur all the year round, but most of them occur in summer, mainly due to the specific environment of high temperature and humidity and the lack of maintenance knowledge. The reasons for the rotten roots of Cymbidium: when potted, the wound was not disinfected, and the root rot bacteria invaded from the wound; when transplanting and changing pots, the root system was damaged; improper fertilization during the growth period, resulting in reverse osmosis phenomenon, resulting in root dehydration and death; more water in the basin, resulting in rotten roots; soil Alkalization, basin soil consolidation, poor water permeability, and so on. For the sake of beauty, some people keep magnolia in porcelain pots, plastic pots or purple sand basins with poor air permeability and water permeability. After watering in summer, due to the poor permeability of the basin, difficult air circulation, root respiration is blocked, resulting in rotten roots. Although some orchids are planted in the mud basin, they are afraid of lack of water and fertilizer in summer, so they will be watered when they see the basin topsoil is dry (the actual pot soil is still wet), and often apply thick fertilizer. In the case of root breathing suffocation, thick fat and burning roots, coupled with the rapid reproduction of some harmful bacteria in summer, it will cause rotten roots. No matter in the vegetative growth stage (from seedling stage to pre-flowering stage) or in the reproductive growth stage (after flowering), the suitable growth temperature is 5-25 ℃. Because of the lack of necessary equipment, the general family should proceed from the actual situation, in addition to taking measures such as shading, ventilation and cooling in summer with high temperature and humidity, we should strengthen root maintenance in summer from the point of view of controlling its growth (making the plant dormant or semi-dormant. This is conducive to the growth and development of other seasons). Its method: first, raise the gentleman orchid to use the mud basin, second, do not fertilize or apply less light liquid fertilizer in summer, and third, control watering in summer and insist on never watering thoroughly. In order to prevent the summer water from stuffing the roots, the flowerpot can be buried in a large wooden box filled with wet sawdust (no watering in the basin). After that, it is often checked to see sawdust dry to supplement water spraying. The solution to the rotting root of a gentleman orchid should be rescued quickly in case of accidental rotting. That is, first knock out the rotten root magnolia from the basin, remove the soil, cut off the roots, wash the roots with clean water, then smear the rotten roots with potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and then wrap all the leaves with white paper, exposing the roots to the sun, basking in the sun for half an hour, using ultraviolet rays to kill germs. After the treatment of the above methods, if only a few roots of the diseased plant rot, they can be directly planted in the sterilized nutritious soil, and the growth can be restored after less watering in the first half of the month; if more than half of the roots of the diseased plant rot or all rot away, it should be planted in a basin filled with fine sand and sprout new roots in a cool place, and the new roots will grow in about two months, and after changing the nutrient soil, normal management can be carried out. Spring is the season for the vigorous growth of Cymbidium, but it is easy to rot due to improper management of water and fertilizer. the main reasons are as follows: first, the water is irrigated too much, second, the soil is too raw, third, the fertilizer is not fermented well, fourth, the excessive amount of fertilizer leads to rotten roots, fifth, the use of porcelain pots with poor air permeability, plastic pots to raise magnolia, and sixth, the temperature is too high. The reasons and control methods of rotten roots of Cymbidium in spring is the exuberant season for the growth of Cymbidium, but it is easy to have rotten roots due to improper management of water and fertilizer. the main reasons are as follows: first, if the water is big, whether it is a small seedling or a big seedling, the water should not be poured too much. If the water is big, the temperature is high, and the ventilation is bad, the root of Cymbidium must rot. Second, whether Tu Taisheng uses rotten leaf soil or horse dung soil, the nutrient soil prepared by peat soil must be fully fermented. If some raw soil is put into the basin, under the condition of high temperature, these raw soil will produce high temperature and burn the fleshy root. Third, the fertilizer is not fermented to give bean cakes, sesame seeds and fishy water to the orchid must be fully fermented. If some raw fertilizer is applied to the basin soil, it will also produce high-temperature rotting fleshy roots. Fourth, excessive fertilizer application leads to rotten roots, especially not excessive application of chemical fertilizer, because the irritation of chemical fertilizer is too great, although it can promote the rapid growth of leaves in a short period of time, excessive fertilization can cause too much damage to fleshy roots, which is easy to cause atrophy and rotting roots. Fifth, the use of poor permeability of porcelain pots, plastic pots to raise magnolia due to poor air permeability, and the roots will be rotten. Sixth, the temperature is too high, especially in the seedling stage, the bottom temperature can be maintained at 22 ℃, but some people put the seedling pots and boxes on the hot Kang or radiator for a long time, resulting in quickly covering the roots of the seedlings. According to the above situation, if we pay attention to prevention, the phenomenon of rotting roots of Cymbidium can be avoided. But in case of carelessness, if you find that the root of the magnolia has rotted, don't worry, just knock the plant out of the basin, cut off the rotten root, apply charcoal or soot at the cut, and then change the soil and put it on the pot again. If the fleshy roots have all rotted away, it does not matter, you can pinch off all the rotten roots, then wash the roots with clean water, and then put them in coarse sand to promote roots, and cut off part of the leaves. When the rotten leaves of Cymbidium are rotten, first remove the rotten leaves from the flowerpot and remove the soil from the root neck. Then peel off the rotten leaves on the outside of the orchid, sprinkle a clean layer of plant ash on the wound, dry it a little, and then plant it in the pot again with the culture soil. Treatment measures of rotten leaves (yellow leaves) of Cymbidium

When the leaves of Cymbidium are rotten, first remove the rotten leaves from the flowerpot and remove the soil from the root neck. Then peel off the rotten leaves on the outside of the orchid, sprinkle a clean layer of plant ash on the wound, dry it a little, and then plant it in the pot again with the culture soil. Do not expose the root neck and wound to the earth and place it in a warm and ventilated place for treatment. Don't let the water drown the wound when watering. After giving birth to the basin, 50% of the bacteria can be used every week, or the foliar surface can be used for disinfection and sterilization. When watering, do not pour water on the leaves, should pour water on the roots, otherwise it will make the leaves yellow and rotten. Magnolia has fleshy stems and can store water, so it doesn't have to be watered often. People who often raise flowers usually bounce their fingers on the flowerpots. If the sound is dull, it means that there is plenty of water and there is no need to water. On the other hand, if it is crisp and loud, it must be watered immediately. Also, watering must be thoroughly watered at one time, never scratch the surface, only a little at a time, this is tantamount to no watering, which is extremely harmful to the gentleman's orchid. The gentleman orchid likes the shade and should not be exposed to the sun, otherwise it will cause the leaves to turn yellow. Magnolia must be placed in a well-ventilated environment, sooner or later. Some orchids do not blossom after being cultivated for a year. There may be three reasons: first, the temperature in winter is too high; second, too much nitrogen fertilizer is used; third, the sunlight in summer is too long and the intensity of light is too strong > > reasons and solutions for abnormal flowering of orchids. Some orchids do not blossom after being cultivated for a year, and there may be three reasons: first, the high temperature in winter affects dormancy. Second, the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and the lack of phosphate fertilizer also affect the bud blooming; third, the summer light time is too long and the light intensity is too strong, which is also very disadvantageous to the bud flowering. In this regard, the cultivation of Magnolia should pay attention to the slightly lower temperature in winter, and the room temperature should be 11 ℃ and 17 ℃. In order to increase the bottom temperature of the pot soil, move the flowerpot to the radiator at night (keep it 25 ℃), and then move back to the sunny windowsill during the day, so that it can get full dormancy. Summer should be placed in a slightly shaded place, starting from June, the flowerpot gradually retreated from the sunny window, 1 meter away from the windowsill in August, sometimes underground, and put back to the sunny windowsill in October, always free from strong sunlight. Attention should be paid to the proper application of phosphate fertilizer in fertilization. 5. Any more questions? What kind of flowerpot is the best for raising a gentleman's orchid? What kind of soil is the best for cultivating magnolia? What problems should be paid attention to in watering the magnolia? What kind of fertilizer does the gentleman orchid use?. Check out the answers to these questions and go to > > how to raise Magnolia: answers to frequently asked questions

1. What kind of flowerpot is the best for raising magnolia? Answer: gentleman orchid is fleshy root, drought resistance is strong, but afraid of waterlogging, so not only the soil requirements are loose, water permeability is good, the flowerpot also requires water permeability, air permeability is good. Mud basin, also known as sukiyaki basin, is fully equipped with these two conditions. Therefore, mud basin is the best choice for planting magnolia. 2. What kind of soil is the best for cultivating magnolia? Answer: according to the physiological characteristics of Cymbidium, it is required that the soil is loose and breathable, has good water retention, fertilizer retention, and is relatively fertile, in order to adapt to the root growth of Cymbidium, rotten leaf soil has these characteristics. Therefore, it is best to choose rotten leaf soil. Rotten leaf soil includes oak leaf soil, oak leaf soil, hazel leaf soil and larch needle soil and so on. Must use naturally mature leaf soil, must not contain other impurities. According to different needs, different sieves can be selected to screen out suitable particles. Small grains are used for growing seedlings, and larger grains are used for orchids. 3. What problems should be paid attention to in watering the magnolia? A: water is the source of all things, and it is also a necessary condition for raising a gentleman's orchid. First of all, it is necessary to select the quality of the water, which requires neutral and slightly acidic acidity. Use tap water to water the flowers, that is, put the water in the container for two or three days before use. It's better to put it in the sun. Well water or other water is also best placed in the flower cellar or the place where the flowers are placed for a day or two, so that the water temperature is consistent with the temperature of the flower soil before the flowers can be watered, so as to avoid excessive temperature difference between water and soil, causing harm to the flowers. Watering time is best in the morning or evening, according to the dry and wet conditions of the basin soil to determine the interval time of watering, can not be formulated. Can directly water the stems and leaves of the plant, large flowers, especially Arrow flowers or flowering flowers can not be directly watered on the leaves, which will make the arrows rot or affect the pollination effect. In summer, the temperature is high and the weather is hot, and the temperature of the flower leaves is very high. You can't water the leaves at noon to prevent the orchid from catching a cold and damage to the leaves. 4. What kind of fertilizer should be applied to the gentleman orchid? Answer: Cymbidium is a kind of fattening flowers, which is very important to the growth of Cymbidium. It is best to choose organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is fermented by retting raw materials and applied after ripening, such as soybean cake, castor seeds, soybeans, sesame seeds, forests and other oil crops with more nitrogen components. The ones with higher phosphorus content are bone meal, fish scales, rice bran and poultry feces, while those with higher potassium content are plant ash, charcoal, rice straw ash and so on. The growth of Magnolia can not be separated from the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and some fine slag, river sand and eggshell can also be mixed in the soil to increase the content of trace elements. 5. How to rett the magnolia into fertilizer? Answer: organic fertilizer must have a retting fermentation process, so that the raw material can be turned into fertilizer, unfermented raw material can not be directly used as fertilizer. Before retting fertilizer, the raw materials should be crushed and cooked at high temperature, which can not only sterilize but also shorten the fermentation time. Retting nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer had better be divided into different containers, put 1 beat 3 raw materials and 1 hand 3 water, do not fill up, so as not to overflow the container during fermentation, the lid should not be too strict, and the gas can be discharged from the container during fermentation. It is best to use wide-mouth plastic buckets, because plastic buckets do not rust and are easy to use. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can also be produced by mixed retting according to a certain proportion. The fermentation time depends on the temperature, the temperature is high and the fermentation is fast. Summer is a good time to ferment fertilizer. To judge whether the fertilizer is fermented well, it depends on whether it stinks, whether it is not crushed like soybeans, whether there is a hard core, and whether the fermented fertilizer is smelly and sticky and delicate. This kind of fertilizer can be used. 6. How to add base fertilizer to the magnolia? A: adding base fertilizer means adding some fried or boiled shelled oil crops at the bottom of the flowerpot when changing the pot, such as sesame seeds, perilla seeds, sunflower seeds, castor seeds and bone meal grains. Commonly known as solid fertilizer. The method of adding bottom fertilizer is to put a layer of soil on the bottom of the basin, spread a layer of raw materials evenly on the soil, cover it with a layer of soil, and then plant the flowers directly on it to complete the whole process of adding bottom. Remember not to put the raw material in direct contact with the root. The characteristic of adding base fertilizer is that the fertilizer effect is long and uniform, and the fertility is slowly seeped from the cracks in the oil crop shell and absorbed by the flower root system. Generally speaking, the method of adding base fertilizer is often used to change soil in autumn. 7. How to fatten the edge of the magnolia? Answer: the raw materials of the so-called edge fertilizer are the same as those with base fertilizer, except that after the flowers are planted in a pot, peel off a circle of soil at the edge of the pot and spread the shelled oil crops evenly on the edge of the pot, but do not come into direct contact with the flowerpot. Put a layer of soil between them, not next to the false fresh stem of the flower, nor bury it too deep, do not touch the root directly, and then cover it with a layer of soil. The characteristic of adding edge fertilizer is that the solid fertilizer is not in direct contact with the root, and it is infiltrated slowly from top to bottom, and the soil can be changed in both spring and autumn. Family orchids can be raised by adding base fertilizer or edge fertilizer to prevent the odor of adding water and fertilizer from polluting the home environment. 8. How to apply liquid fertilizer to the magnolia? Answer: Cymbidium is a kind of fertilizer-loving flowers, especially in spring, autumn and winter, so it is necessary to apply water and fertilizer to it. The method of topdressing is to dilute the retting fertilizer solution by 10-25 times with water. The way to top fertilizer: one is to pour diluted fat water directly into the basin. First, dilute the original fertilizer solution 10-15 times, wet the soil in the flowerpot with a spray pot, then pour the diluted water directly into the basin, and then pour water into the basin again, that is, complete the whole process of topdressing. The other is fattening. Also known as sitting fat. The step is to dilute the fat solution 20-25 times. Put it in a large container, soak the flowerpot directly in fat water, repeatedly water the pot with a spoon until it is thoroughly watered, then take it out to the flowerpot forest and finish the whole process of sitting fertilizer. The former method is suitable for the application of water and fertilizer in a large area, while the latter method is uniform, but it is more time-consuming and time-consuming, and is suitable for small areas or family cultivation and flower cellar cultivation of some high-grade key varieties. 9. What is the reason why orchids do not blossom after adulthood? Answer: there are many reasons why the orchid does not blossom in its adult age. First, it does not change the soil for a long time, and there is a serious lack of phosphate fertilizer and other elements in the soil. Second, rotten roots cause malnutrition and lead to non-flowering. Third, there is a drought and lack of water, which leads to non-flowering. The way to improve it is that adult orchids must change soil and pour basins and add more scaly fertilizers such as bone meal, fish scales and so on. Adult orchids with rotten roots should focus on raising their roots, and the soil should be mixed with more sand or fine furnace slag to restore the roots as soon as possible. If there is a long-term drought and lack of water, the whole basin must be soaked to prevent a large amount of watering. The false appearance that the soil is still dry and thoroughly watered out from the drought cracks. As long as the above practices are taken, adult orchids will certainly blossom in beautiful flowers. 10. What is the reason for the arrow entanglement in the gentleman's orchid and what to do? A: adult orchids blossom and clip arrows is a common problem encountered by orchid farmers. The so-called clip arrow is that the shaft of the arrow is not drawn, and the flowers bloom are called clip arrows. There are many reasons for entrapment of arrows, and different measures should be taken to improve them. First, the temperature difference is small, especially in the family indoor, the temperature is similar during the day and night, the temperature difference is only 2-3 degrees, which is not conducive to drawing arrows, improve the method, put it on the windowsill during the day and 5-10 degrees below the windowsill temperature at night. This creates a small artificial temperature difference, and the arrow can be pulled out. Second, the water is large and hypertrophic, which makes the roots in a state of hypoxia and hypertrophy is easy to hurt the roots. The method of improvement is to pour the soil, wash the roots to dry them, wash the roots with clean water and dry them in a cool place for 4-5 hours, and then replace them with new nutritious soil. After a few days, the arrow can jump out. Third, the root is rotten and the root system withered, which is caused by impermeable water for a long time. To improve the method, the new soil is watered and watered, and the new root is cultivated. After the new root grows, the sword will be drawn out. Some other reasons, such as the temperature is too high and the temperature is too low, can be improved by prescribing the right medicine. At present, there is no good way to solve the phenomenon of arrow entrapment caused by the physiological defects caused by the coexistence of sparrow orchid, yellow orchid and other varieties, which is a new subject in the cultivation and scientific research of Cymbidium. About the Garden = "that Garden" is a website that shares plant knowledge, flower pictures and names, flower cultivation, horticultural design and flower arrangement.