Key points of daily maintenance and management of tree stump bonsai

Bonsai stumps are dominated by flowers and trees. The pros and cons of the tree stump does not lie in whether the tree species are famous or expensive, nor in the size of the materials used, but in whether it is possible to create its natural form, in the artistic conception and interest contained in the creator's shape. Bonsai tree stump is the epitome of the old mountain pile, the first to learn from nature. Qiu branch is empty, potential is like a wandering dragon, ancient cypress with twisted trunk; loose branches, cliff upside down, branches and leaves like clouds; and bamboo with soft branches, beautiful flowers and fruits, elegant and elegant, are excellent models for making pile scenes.

1. Watering

Watering is one of the most important and frequent measures in the management of tree stump bonsai. The stump is planted in the basin, whether it is a deep basin or a shallow basin, the soil is always limited, and the water content is also limited. if the stump is not watered for a long time, the stump will wither due to lack of water, so it is necessary to observe in time and water according to the dry and wet condition of the soil to maintain soil moisture. Of course, overwatering can not be excessive, if overwatering, the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it is easy to cause root hypoxia and decay; at the same time, the amount of watering depends on specific tree species, seasonal changes, and warm and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water once in the morning and evening, every day or every other day in spring and autumn, the stump germinates in spring, and it can also be watered in the morning and evening according to the situation. During the rainy season or rainy days, there is no need for watering, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more, clayey soil should be watered less. Watering can be foliar spray, can also be root irrigation, generally a combination of the two, first foliar spray, and then root irrigation through, pay attention not to irrigate "half of the water" to cause basin surface wet, basin dry phenomenon, and leaf spray can not be too much, easy to cause branches and leaves to grow.

two。 Fertilizer application

The soil in the pot of tree stump bonsai is limited, so the nutrients are also limited, so we should pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. Because of its artistic characteristics, tree stump bonsai should not be fertilized too much or too frequently. It is necessary to master the content and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of branches and leaves, phosphorus fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits, and potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stem and root. therefore, the selection of fertilizer should be determined according to the type of tree stump and its growth trend.

If you need to make the stump flourish, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; if you need more flowers and fruits, you can increase the content of phosphate fertilizer; when you need strong roots, you can apply more potash fertilizer. Fertilization methods are generally divided into late fertilization and quick fertilization. Delayed fertilization generally mixes organic fertilizer into the soil according to a certain proportion after crushing and maturing, and when changing soil, it is mixed into the basin to slowly provide nutrients; quick-acting fertilization is to dilute organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out according to the seasonal growth needs of tree stumps, but it should not be too thick, newly planted tree stumps should not be fertilized in rainy days, fertilizer efficiency is lost, and the effect is not good.

3. Control of diseases and insect pests

There are diseases in the branches, such as phloem, cambium decay, stem rot and ulcers on the branches, surface decay of the branches, dry core decay, spots on the branches, and so on. Bordeaux solution should usually be sprayed, Xu with stone-sulfur mixture, and scraped off the rotten parts.

Foliar diseases: foliar diseases usually appear yellow-brown or black spots, leaf curl, wilt, early defoliation and other symptoms, which may be yellowing, leaf spot, soot, powdery mildew and so on. Leaf spot disease can be removed and Bordeaux solution can be sprayed; chlorosis can be sprayed with 0.1-0.2 ferrous sulfate solution; powdery mildew can be sprayed with Baume 0.3-0.5 degree sulfur mixture.

Root disease: the root of the stump bonsai is aging, which is easy to produce root rot or nodule disease caused by various bacteria and fungi. Attention should be paid to the disinfection of potted soil and the control of watering water.

The control of scale insects: the harm of scale insects is generally various. It is a pest that absorbs tree stump tree sap, and it is easy to cause soot disease, poor growth, yellow branches and leaves, early defoliation and so on. In addition to killing with manual brushes, 40% dimethoate EC 1000-1500 times solution can be used, or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times solution can be used to kill it.

Red spider treatment: red spider is to absorb leaf juice to harm the leaves, after pests, the leaves show gray spots, and cause withered yellow shedding. The control method is to spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500200 times solution or 1000 times solution of 50% parathion wettable powder.

Aphid control: there are many kinds of aphids and the harm is common. The leaves of the injured stumps are generally curled and drooping, and when they are serious, the leaves are black, dry and shedding. Control method: generally spray with 40% dimethoate 2000-300O times aqueous solution, once a week. Or spray it with an aqueous solution of 2.5% 800 to 1200 fish vines.

Pruning: bonsai trees are still growing. If they are allowed to grow naturally, unchecked, they will inevitably affect the shape of the trees and lose their artistic value. Therefore, it is necessary to prune in time, long-skill short cut, secret skill sparse cutting, in order to maintain beautiful tree posture and appropriate proportion.

Heart-picking: bonsai trees can remove their tips in order to restrain their high growth and promote the development of lateral techniques.

Picking buds: when bonsai trees grow many adventitious buds on their dry base or trunk, they should pick buds at any time so as not to sprout forked branches and affect the beauty of the tree.

Picking leaves: bonsai of foliage trees, the viewing period is often the period of new leaf germination, such as mechanical tree, pomegranate and other new leaves are red, through leaf removal treatment, trees can make new leaves several times a year, bright and pleasing to the eye, and improve their ornamental effect.

Pruning: bonsai trees often produce many new branches. in order to keep their appearance beautiful, we must always pay attention to repair skills. The way of trimming should be determined according to the shape of the tree. if it is a cloud shape, the branches should be trimmed into a flat shape. Generally hinder the beauty of dead branches, parallel branches, cross skills, etc., should be cut off in time.

Root pruning: combined with root pruning when turning the basin, the root system that is too dense and too long should be pruned, which can be considered according to the following circumstances. If the new root of the tree is underdeveloped and the root system is not covered with the bottom of the soil block, the original basin can still be used and the root system does not need to be trimmed. For the tree species with developed root system, if the fibrous root is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, the larger basin should be replaced, the dense root system should be thinned, the old root should be removed, and a few new roots should be retained to turn the basin. Some old pile bonsai can be properly raised to increase its ornamental value when turning the basin. And prune off the old root and the root tip to loosen and fertilize the soil to promote the new root.

Turn the basin to change soil: bonsai trees grow in the basin for many years, the fibrous roots are covered with the bottom of the basin, watering is difficult to permeate and drain, and fertilizer is not easy to absorb, which will affect the normal growth of trees. Turn the basin can use the original basin or change a slightly larger basin, according to the size of the tree to decide. Changing soil can improve the ventilation and permeability of soil, increase soil nutrients, benefit the robust growth of bonsai trees and improve their ornamental effect.

The soil of tree stump changing basin is mainly humus soil, paddy soil, mountain mud and so on. When changing soil, some nutrients can be properly added to the soil to make it fermented and volatilized into late-acting nutrients in the soil, which can slowly benefit the tree stump. As for the grasp of the pH of the soil, it depends on the specific conditions of the tree species. When changing the basin, generally fix the sieve or tile at the bottom hole, first add the soil with larger particles to facilitate drainage, then put it into the stump, fill it into the culture with finer particles, insert it tightly with bamboo and stick, and determine the amount of water according to the situation of the tree species.

The turning of bonsai trees can be decided on the basis of the following aspects:

① generally turns the small bonsai every 1-2 years, the middle bonsai 2-3 years, and the large bonsai 3-5 years. If it is an old tree pile scene, it can be turned over every few years.

The tree species with vigorous growth and like fertilizer in ② have more times of potting and shorter interval years, while those with slow growth and less fertilizer need less pots and longer interval years. The old pile scene of pine and cypress should not be turned over more.

③ has luxuriant branches and leaves, and the tree species with well-developed roots should turn the pot frequently. Turning the basin can be determined by the growth of the roots. when the soil is not dry or wet, turn the basin upside down and beat the bottom of the basin with hands, so that all the trees with soil roots are poured out to check the soil block consolidation and root distribution. if the soil block is hardened and the root system is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, it means that the basin must be turned over.

The best time to turn the basin is to choose the dormant period of trees, mostly in early spring or late autumn. If you retain more of the original soil, you can turn the basin at any time, not limited by the season. If you need to replace most or all of the land, you should strictly choose the appropriate period of turning the basin.

4. Placement and protection

The placement of the tree stump bonsai should also be determined according to the characteristics of the tree species, and should generally be placed in a ventilated and transparent place with a certain space humidity, insufficient sunlight, poor ventilation and no certain space humidity, which can make the plants yellow and dry, leading to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and even death. However, some tree species like shade, and some stumps need more sunlight, so measures such as shading or shading should be taken. For example, some evergreen broad-leaved or non-broad-leaved trees, such as yellow poplar, rhododendron and camellia, mostly like shade, while crape myrtle, ginkgo, begonia and other sunny trees should be decided according to the specific situation. Some tree stump bonsai is also cold-resistant or non-cold-resistant, and the non-cold-resistant stumps generally have to enter the greenhouse maintenance and management in winter, such as banyan tree, Fujian tea and so on.

Maintenance and management of tree stump bonsai in winter

When the weather turns cold in winter, the maintenance and management of tree stump bonsai in winter is particularly important. Three key points of maintenance are summarized in this paper. 1, appropriate amount of water, do not apply fertilizer. 2. Kill diseases and insects without pruning. 3. Protect the light and prevent the cold.

1. Appropriate amount of water, do not apply fertilizer

Winter watering should be better dry than wet, and the soil should not be watered until it is white. To be watered at noon, it is better to water thoroughly at once, not at night, otherwise it is vulnerable to freezing damage. For conifers, wax leaves and thick, green landscape trees, combined with spraying water to wash the leaves is also very good. Bonsai trees should not be fertilized in winter, but 15 days before winter, it should be combined with weeding and loosening soil, killing diseases and insect pests, and applying a fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium, so as to strive for strong plant growth before winter and improve the ability to protect against cold.

2. Kill diseases and insect pests without pruning

Winter temperature is low, growth vitality is low, generally not suitable for pruning.

Disinfestation in winter can reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests in the following year. Before winter, the whole tree should be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid of the same amount to prevent diseases. It is found that there are caves in the tree trunk, which can be blocked with cotton wool, or coated with mud mixed with lime powder and sulfur powder to kill the eggs of overwintering insects. The underground part (including basin soil) can be diluted and irrigated with a mixture of dimethoate and dichlorvos.

3. protect the light and prevent the cold

Different plants need different light time, such as coniferous pine and cypress, evergreen fine leaf banyan, sparrow plum, mountain fingernail and so on, and it is ideal to shine for 8 hours a day. For cold-resistant Milan, five-colored plum, Jiuli incense, etc., when the temperature is below 6 degrees Celsius, cover with plastic film, or move to the sun.

Key points of bonsai conservation with tree stump

Key points of bonsai conservation with tree stump

1. Watering

Watering is one of the most important and frequent measures in the management of tree stump bonsai. The stump is planted in the basin, whether it is a deep basin or a shallow basin, the soil is always limited, and the water content is also limited. if the stump is not watered for a long time, the stump will wither due to lack of water, so it is necessary to observe in time and water according to the dry and wet condition of the soil to maintain soil moisture. Of course, overwatering can not be excessive, if overwatering, the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it is easy to cause root hypoxia and decay; at the same time, the amount of watering depends on specific tree species, seasonal changes, and warm and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water once in the morning and evening, every day or every other day in spring and autumn, the stump germinates in spring, and it can also be watered in the morning and evening according to the situation. During the rainy season or rainy days, there is no need for watering, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more, clayey soil should be watered less. Watering can be foliar spray, can also be root irrigation, generally a combination of the two, first foliar spray, and then root irrigation through, pay attention not to irrigate "half of the water" to cause basin surface wet, basin dry phenomenon, and leaf spray can not be too much, easy to cause branches and leaves to grow.

two。 Fertilizer application

The soil in the pot of tree stump bonsai is limited, so the nutrients are also limited, so we should pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. Because of its artistic characteristics, tree stump bonsai should not be fertilized too much or too frequently. It is necessary to master the content and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of branches and leaves, phosphorus fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits, and potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stem and root. therefore, the selection of fertilizer should be determined according to the type of tree stump and its growth trend.

If you need to make the stump flourish, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; if you need more flowers and fruits, you can increase the content of phosphate fertilizer; when you need strong roots, you can apply more potash fertilizer. Fertilization methods are generally divided into late fertilization and quick fertilization. Delayed fertilization generally mixes organic fertilizer into the soil according to a certain proportion after crushing and maturing, and when changing soil, it is mixed into the basin to slowly provide nutrients; quick-acting fertilization is to dilute organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out according to the seasonal growth needs of tree stumps, but it should not be too thick, newly planted tree stumps should not be fertilized in rainy days, fertilizer efficiency is lost, and the effect is not good.

3. Control of diseases and insect pests

Diseases on the branches:

It is shown in the phloem, cambium decay, stem rot and ulcers on the branches, surface decay of the branches, dry core decay, spots on the branches and so on. Usually Bordeaux solution should be sprayed, Xu should be treated with stone-sulfur mixture, and the rotten parts should be scraped off.

Leaf diseases:

Leaf diseases usually appear yellow-brown or black spots, leaf curl, wilt, early defoliation and other symptoms, which may be yellowing, leaf spot, soot, powdery mildew and so on. Leaf spot disease can be removed and Bordeaux solution can be sprayed; chlorosis can be sprayed with 0.1-0.2 ferrous sulfate solution; powdery mildew can be sprayed with Baume 0.3-0.5 degree sulfur mixture.

Root diseases:

The root of bonsai stump is aging, which is easy to produce root rot or nodule disease caused by various bacteria and fungi. Attention should be paid to the disinfection of potted soil and the control of watering water.

Beetle management:

There are many kinds of damage caused by shell insects. It is a pest that absorbs tree stump tree sap, and it is easy to cause soot disease, poor growth, yellow branches and leaves, early defoliation and so on. In addition to killing with manual brushes, 40% dimethoate EC 1000-1500 times solution can be used, or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times solution can be used to kill it.

Red spider governance:

The red spider harms the leaves by absorbing the leaf juice. After the insect pests, the leaves show gray spots and cause withered and yellow shedding. The control method is to spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500200 times solution or 1000 times solution of 50% parathion wettable powder.

Aphid management:

There are many kinds of aphids and the harm is common. The leaves of the damaged stumps are generally curled and drooping, and when they are serious, the leaves are black and dry and fall off. Control method: generally spray with 40% dimethoate 2000-300O times aqueous solution, once a week. Or spray it with an aqueous solution of 2.5% 800 to 1200 fish vines.

Trim:

Bonsai trees are still growing, if they are allowed to grow naturally, unrestrained, it is bound to affect the shape of the tree and lose its artistic value. Therefore, it is necessary to prune in time, long-skill short cut, secret skill sparse cutting, in order to maintain beautiful tree posture and appropriate proportion.

Pick the heart:

Bonsai trees in order to inhibit its height growth, promote the development of lateral technology flat, can remove its technical tip tender head.

Pick the buds:

When bonsai trees grow many adventitious buds on their dry base or trunk, they should pick buds at any time so as not to sprout forked branches and affect the beauty of the tree.

Picking leaves:

The viewing period of foliage tree bonsai is often the period of new leaf germination, such as mechanical tree, pomegranate and other new leaves are red. By picking leaves, trees can send new leaves several times a year, bright and pleasing to the eye, and improve their ornamental effect.

Pruning:

Bonsai trees often produce many new branches. in order to maintain their beautiful shape, we must always pay attention to repair techniques. The way of trimming should be determined according to the shape of the tree. if it is a cloud shape, the branches should be trimmed into a flat shape. Generally hinder the beauty of dead branches, parallel branches, cross skills, etc., should be cut off in time.

Xiugen:

When turning the basin, combined with root pruning, the root system that is too dense and too long should be trimmed, which can be considered according to the following circumstances. If the new root of the tree is underdeveloped and the root system is not covered with the bottom of the soil block, the original basin can still be used and the root system does not need to be trimmed. For the tree species with developed root system, if the fibrous root is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, the larger basin should be replaced, the dense root system should be thinned, the old root should be removed, and a few new roots should be retained to turn the basin. Some old pile bonsai can be properly raised to increase its ornamental value when turning the basin. And prune off the old root and the root tip to loosen and fertilize the soil to promote the new root.

Turn over the basin and change the soil:

Bonsai trees grow in the basin for many years, the fibrous roots are covered with the bottom of the basin, watering is difficult to permeate and drain, and the fertilizer is not easy to absorb, which will affect the normal growth of the trees. Turn the basin can use the original basin or change a slightly larger basin, according to the size of the tree to decide. Changing soil can improve the ventilation and permeability of soil, increase soil nutrients, benefit the robust growth of bonsai trees and improve their ornamental effect.

The soil of tree stump changing basin is mainly humus soil, paddy soil, mountain mud and so on. When changing soil, some nutrients can be properly added to the soil to make it fermented and volatilized into late-acting nutrients in the soil, which can slowly benefit the tree stump. As for the grasp of the pH of the soil, it depends on the specific conditions of the tree species. When changing the basin, generally fix the sieve or tile at the bottom hole, first add the soil with larger particles to facilitate drainage, then put it into the stump, fill it into the culture with finer particles, insert it tightly with bamboo and stick, and determine the amount of water according to the situation of the tree species.

The turning of bonsai trees can be decided on the basis of the following aspects:

① generally turns the small bonsai every 1-2 years, the middle bonsai 2-3 years, and the large bonsai 3-5 years. If it is an old tree pile scene, it can be turned over every few years.

The tree species with vigorous growth and like fertilizer in ② have more times of potting and shorter interval years, while those with slow growth and less fertilizer need less pots and longer interval years. The old pile scene of pine and cypress should not be turned over more.

③ has luxuriant branches and leaves, and the tree species with well-developed roots should turn the pot frequently. Turning the basin can be determined by the growth of the roots. when the soil is not dry or wet, turn the basin upside down and beat the bottom of the basin with hands, so that all the trees with soil roots are poured out to check the soil block consolidation and root distribution. if the soil block is hardened and the root system is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, it means that the basin must be turned over.

The best time to turn the basin is to choose the dormant period of trees, mostly in early spring or late autumn. If you retain more of the original soil, you can turn the basin at any time, not limited by the season. If you need to replace most or all of the land, you should strictly choose the appropriate period of turning the basin.

Placement and protection

The placement of the tree stump bonsai should also be determined according to the characteristics of the tree species, and should generally be placed in a ventilated and transparent place with a certain space humidity, insufficient sunlight, poor ventilation and no certain space humidity, which can make the plants yellow and dry, leading to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and even death. However, some tree species like shade, and some stumps need more sunlight, so measures such as shading or shading should be taken. For example, some evergreen broad-leaved or non-broad-leaved trees, such as yellow poplar, rhododendron and camellia, mostly like shade, while crape myrtle, ginkgo, begonia and other sunny trees should be decided according to the specific situation. Some tree stump bonsai are also cold-resistant or non-cold-resistant, and non-cold-resistant stumps are generally maintained and managed in the greenhouse in winter, such as banyan tree, Fujian tea and so on.