Planting methods and key points of cultivation and management of potted lotus

Lotus, also known as lotus, belongs to the genus Nymphaeaceae and is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. Lotus is an aquatic plant, and the whole growth cycle is inseparable from water. Beijing is short of water, and most of the lotus planted in the courtyard are potted. To raise potted lotus well, it is necessary to master the following essentials.

The pot soil and base fertilizer should be chosen carefully. The clay loam rich in humus is the best pot soil for lotus planting, and the impurities should be removed by sieving. In the selection of base fertilizer, the horseshoe piece has long-lasting fertility, but its release is slow, and it usually takes 1 to 2 years to decompose completely; the processed chicken manure has moderate fertility and can be mixed with soil in proportion; horseshoe powder, bean powder and other conditional areas can also be used. Topdressing in cultivation can be made with sesame paste dregs rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and applied regularly according to growth strength and pot size in the growth stage to supplement the lack of fertility in the later stage of potted plants.

Potted lotus should be divided into pots every year, and it is appropriate for Beijing area to divide pots around April 5 every year. Varieties and numbers should be recorded when pots are divided to avoid confusion. Pots can choose tile pots, porcelain pots, plastic pots and other types, according to the size of the pot to determine the number of planted lotus root, generally 40 to 50 cm in diameter of the pot can grow 2 medium-strong lotus roots.

The cultivation place of potted lotus should be leeward to the sun, sufficient water, and determine the location before planting, so as not to affect the germination and growth of lotus root.

The strong lotus root with full terminal bud and no decay damage should be selected for planting lotus root, and it is better to have 2 to 3 nodes. When planting, dig the soil along the basin wall, put the seed lotus root head down, tilt it at a 30-degree acute angle, cover the soil shallow rather than deep, fix the seed lotus root, and expose the "tail" of the seed lotus root to facilitate germination and whip running. After planting, the first watering should be thoroughly, but it should not be too much. The highest temperature in Beijing in May is about 20 ℃. In order to increase the water temperature, the water depth should be less than 5 cm of basin soil, and then it can be deepened gradually with the increase of temperature. The hot summer water should be poured, even twice a day. Watering time should be chosen in the morning and evening, avoid watering at noon.

The lotus begins to bloom in June and blooms from the end of June to the beginning of August in Beijing. In September, the lotus begins to bear lotus roots and store nutrients for overwintering. In October, the stems and leaves in the pot begin to wither and yellow, and the yellow leaves can be cut off in time. The planted lotus root must be stored before winter in Beijing to prevent frost injury. The storage place can be a cold cellar or a cold shed. To keep the basin soil moist and free from freezing, and the temperature is controlled between 0 ℃ and 4 ℃, the planted lotus root can be kept intact.

Planting skills of potted lotus

With the improvement of living standards, more and more people begin to plant all kinds of plants on the balcony. Today, the editor brings you several ways to plant potted lotus on the balcony, hoping to help you.

First, the method of planting lotus root in pot

Pot planting of lotus root can maintain the basic characteristics of the original variety. The main technical points are as follows:

The main results are as follows: (1) choose potted varieties with abundant flowers. Such as Jade Bowl, Hongta Mountain, Pink Pocket, Table Treasure, Red Peony, small Silver Ball and so on. This kind of variety blossoms early, blossoms more and has a long flowering period.

(2) select the basin to prepare the soil. Choose clay pots, plastic pots and bonsai pots that are beautiful in appearance and convenient for handling and arranging. The caliber and height of the pots can be as high as 28cm. The small pots are exquisite and exquisite, while the large pots have more leaves and flowers. The bottom hole of the flowerpot is carefully sealed with cement so as not to leak. The basin soil can be soaked with farmland soil or river pond mud without chemical pollution and soaked with water 2 weeks in advance.

(3) timely cultivation. The south can be in the first and middle of March, and the north can be postponed until after the middle of April. In recent years, Liujia Garden in Anhui Province has been covered with plastic film, which makes the cultivation time and the first flowering date 3 times ahead of schedule by 4 weeks. The method is simple and effective.

(4) do not apply base fertilizer at the first planting, put the tip of lotus root obliquely down on the bottom of the pot, plant only one plant in each pot, add 12ml 15cm river pond mud or garden, so that all the small lotus root is not in the mud, add water to 2ml 3cm under the mouth of the pot. After standing leaves, a small amount of plant cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer can be applied.

(5) the potted lotus must be placed in a ventilated and sunny place, and the lotus grows rapidly. It was planted in early April, budding successively in late May, flowering in the first and middle of June, and the population florescence can be extended to the first and middle of September.

(6) the potted lotus basically has no disease, but in the place with poor ventilation or near the vegetable orchard, it is easy to be infected with aphids in the early stage, so the washing powder can be sprayed 800 times to the water. Liujia Garden in Anhui Province has been covered with plastic film with pots and flowers in recent years, and the sealing degree and time have been flexibly controlled depending on the intensity of sunlight. This method is thorough, pesticide-free, easy to operate and can promote the growth of lotus flowers. Kill two birds with one stone.

Second, seed pot sowing

Choose plump, mature and glossy lotus seeds suitable for potted plants. Seeds can be sown from April to June. First of all, the lotus seed was artificially broken. The lotus seed is pointed at one end and concave at the other, the concave end is worn out on the rough cement floor or broken with tiger pliers, and then soaked in warm water of 20m el 30e in a thermos flask. Change the water twice a day and sprout within a week. After sprouting, add an appropriate amount of water to the replacement basin and put it in a place away from the wind and the sun. after 2 weeks, the thin roots grow out and the leaves are like lines. at this time, you can plant only one grain in each pot, and the bud begins to bloom in the first and middle of the month of the same year.

Third, out-of-season potted plants

From August to September, the late flowering potted lotus seeds with easy flowering and strong cold tolerance were selected to sow and raise seedlings. After planting, the flowers were placed in the plastic solar greenhouse, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled between 20ml and 30C. In winter, use a plane mirror or a semicircular reflector surrounded by aluminum foil to be placed in the north of the flowerpot to reflect sunlight on the lotus leaves and water to enhance the light, so that the lotus blooms from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, which makes the lotus feel precious and cordial.

The above three methods can be very effective for you to grow strong and healthy potted lotus on the balcony. While enjoying blooming and fruiting, don't forget to go outdoors.

Key points of fertilization for potted lotus

Base fertilizer for lotus flowers to bloom well, animal phosphorus and potash fertilizer is indispensable. The traditional method of applying base fertilizer in Beijing area is to apply 500 grams of hoof in a 50 cm diameter tile basin as base fertilizer. For the production nursery of family flowers or large-scale potted lotus, the cost is too high and not suitable, so that people have to give up this traditional practice.

The author has tried to put pig's hoof shell directly into the bottom of the basin as base fertilizer, and the effect is good, but the disadvantage is that it is mature for a long time and is easy to smell. Later, according to the characteristics of animal phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the additive bone powder in feed was directly purchased as base fertilizer in large-scale production. When filling the basin, it was first put into the bottom soil, and then according to the size and texture of the basin, a certain amount of bone powder was put in. Obvious results have been achieved.

After topdressing and applying sufficient base fertilizer, at the initial stage of planting lotus root, generally speaking, there is no need to topdressing fertilizer, only in the vigorous growth period, it is necessary to apply additional fertilizer according to the leaf color and the growth of lotus. Topdressing is mainly urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with fast fertilizer effect.

The amount of fertilizer applied to potted lotus must be mastered flexibly, in addition to the size of the pot, there are different contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the substrate used for reference, which should not be mechanically applied according to books. If loam or plain soil is used as the cultivation substrate of lotus, it is generally said that containers with a diameter of 50 cm to 60 cm, in addition to using 500 to 800 grams of bone powder as base fertilizer, should be filled with a small amount of organic compound fertilizer because of the poor fertility of the soil. Containers with a diameter of 30 cm to 40 cm can be filled with about 250 grams of bone powder. To make it smaller, the diameter of No. 3 basin is 25 cm and that of No. 4 basin is 20 cm, which should be reduced according to the actual situation. In the actual operation, the amount of topdressing requires the staff to operate with how many grams per pot, which is difficult to master. Therefore, the author often takes five fingers and one kneading as the standard, that is, five fingers grasping one small kneading is suitable for No. 1 basin, four fingers and one kneading is suitable for No. 2 basin, and three fingers and one kneading is suitable for No. 3 basin. This is not only easy to master, but also not easy to cause fertilizer damage.

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