Soilless cultivation techniques: a brief introduction to the hydroponic Culture of Flowers

Hydroponic culture of flowers is a common kind of soilless cultivation, there are many methods, several commonly used are briefly described as follows.

Deep liquid flow technology

It is characterized in that the root system of the plant is wholly or partially immersed in the nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is mobile; the nutrient solution is mixed with air to dissolve oxygen.

Nutrient film (NFT) technology

Nutrient film technology is developed from plastic bag technology. The plant can be cultivated by putting an appropriate amount of nutrient solution into the plastic bag, and on this basis, the plant can be further improved: the plastic bag is changed into a plastic film and laid on a grid of a certain shape; the nutrient solution is a thin layer 0.3 to 1.0 cm thick; part of the root system of the plant is immersed in the nutrient solution and part of it is exposed to moisture; the nutrient solution flows; the plastic film wraps the plant in white and black, forming a dark space inside.

The advantages are as follows: the oxygen demand of root respiration is well solved; the structure is simple and portable, the cost is low; the plant grows fast, is easy to manage, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Fog culture technology

After atomization, the nutrient solution is sprayed around the plant root system, the fog condenses on the root surface, and the water is absorbed by the root system. The root is continuous or discontinuous in the environment of nutrient droplet saturation, which well solves the problem of water, nutrient and oxygen supply, and the plant production is fast. Fog culture can also be used in cutting seedlings.

Water culture technology of glass bottle

The aqueous solution can use a glass can, the bottle is surrounded by black plastic film, or covered with black paint, or affixed with a layer of black paper, so that the bottle is opaque. Shading is beneficial to root growth and avoid algae growth. In summer, a layer of white paper should be placed on the outside of the black bottle to cool down. Tear off the white paper in winter, use foam board to do bottle cap, open a hole in the middle, clip the plant, cover the bottle cap, the top of the cap should also be black. Fill the bottle with nutrient solution, not too full, and leave pores for plants to breathe oxygen. If the water is inserted to promote the root, it is not necessary to use the nutrient solution, as long as the water can be injected, and then change the nutrient solution after the root grows. Specific operation process:

Change liquid

Depending on the situation, the seedlings can change the nutrient solution once a week. Adult flowers are changed once a week in the summer peak growing season and once in 1 to 2 weeks in the non-growing season.

Exchange of air

Open the bottle cap for a moment every morning and evening to completely expose the roots to the air. After a period of adaptation, there can be no ventilation for more than one month.

Water

Flowers grow vigorously in summer and consume a lot of water, so you should always replenish water in the bottle to prevent the nutrient solution from drying up.

Soilless cultivation, how to hydroponically cultivate flowers, the method of hydroponic cultivation of flowers

Basic concept of soilless cultivation

The artificial culture medium is used in soilless cultivation to supply the mineral nutrition of plants. Several commonly used nutrient solution formulations are listed in the table. In order to erect the plant, quartz sand, vermiculite, peat, sawdust and plastic can be used as supporting media, and the root system can be ventilated. Years of practice has proved that the yield of soilless culture is higher than that of soil cultivation in soybean, bean, pea, wheat, rice, oat, sugar beet, potato, cabbage, leaf lettuce, tomato, cucumber and other crops. As the nutrient requirements of plants vary with the species and the stage of growth and development, the formula should be changed accordingly, for example, leafy vegetables need more nitrogen (N), which can promote leaf growth; tomatoes and cucumbers need more P, P, K, Ca than leafy vegetables, and less N than leafy vegetables. With different growth and development periods, plants have different needs for nutrient elements. The tomato culture medium at the seedling stage can contain less elements such as Npene, Pjue, K, etc., and when you grow up, you should increase its supply. The sunshine in summer is long, the light intensity and temperature are high, and the N requirement of tomato is more than that in autumn and early winter. Tomatoes growing in autumn and early winter require more K to improve the quality of their fruits. To cultivate the same kind of plant, the formula of the culture medium should be constantly modified throughout its life.

The culture medium used in soilless cultivation can be recycled. After the selective absorption of ions by plants, the concentration of some ions decreased faster than others, and the proportion and pH value of various elements changed, which was gradually not suitable for plant needs. Therefore, every once in a while, NaOH or HCI should be used to regulate the pH of the culture medium, and supplement the elements whose concentration decreased more. Since the concentrations of pH and some ions can be continuously determined by selective electrodes, the amount of acid, alkali or supplementary elements added can be automatically controlled. But this kind of recycling cannot continue indefinitely. When cultured with solid inert medium and culture medium, the nutrient solution should be discharged regularly, or the method of point irrigation culture medium should be used to supply enough oxygen to plant roots. When the plant transpiration is exuberant, the concentration of the culture medium increases, and some water is needed. The key to the success of soilless cultivation is to manage the culture medium to meet the needs of optimal nutritional status.

The composition of nutrient solution is easy to control in soilless culture. And can be adjusted at any time, in places with suitable light and temperature but no soil, such as deserts, beaches, desert islands, as long as there is a certain amount of fresh water supply, can be carried out. Soilless cultivation can also be used to grow vegetables and flowers in the suburbs and families of metropolises.

Soilless cultivation method

Water interpolation: it is the simplest and most successful method. Make use of the regeneration ability of the plant, cut off a part of the stem and branch from the selected flower mother plant, insert it into the water, take root and sprout in the suitable environment, and grow into a new plant. Some people jokingly call this method "cloning method".

When cutting branches, they should be cut at 3mm below the node, and the cross section should be flat and there should be no longitudinal cracks. When cutting branches with aerial roots, the aerial roots should be protected and inserted into the water. Green pineapple, rich bamboo and tricolor fine-leaf millennium wood are all suitable for hydroponic culture.

Root washing method: select flowers with ornamental value and strong growth to soil cultivation (or other media cultivation) to remove the soil, wash the roots and then change to hydroponic culture. When cleaning the root, it is best to use running water to reduce the damage to the root, and it is easy to clean. The washed flowers are planted in prepared utensils and injected with tap water that does not pass the root system. Initially change the water once a day, wash the roots and utensils at the same time, and reduce the number of water changes after a week. Waiting for the cultivated flowers to grow new roots in the water shows that they have adapted to the hydroponic environment and can change the water every 7 to 10 days or even longer.

Split-plant method: the flowers with strong tuft were divided into clusters or plants (each plant should retain intact roots), and the separated plants were planted by hydroponic culture (can be operated by root washing). Flowers such as tufted spring feathers and silver taros are suitable for hydroponic culture by ramet method.

The method of stripping tillering buds: suitable for flowers with strong tillering ability, such as gentleman orchid, pineapple and so on. The method is simple and the survival rate is high. Select the larger tiller bud, remove the connection between the upper soil and the mother plant, peel the tiller bud off the mother plant (protect the root of the tiller bud) with hand or sharp blade, wash the soil attached to the root, and cultivate it by hydroponic culture.

Pick the stem small plant method: some flowers grow in the growth process, there are one or more small plants on the stem, most of the small plants with a small number of fully developed roots is its unique function of reproduction, such as hanging orchid, pineapple have this characteristic. Taking advantage of this characteristic of flowers, it is very simple to pick up formed small plants for hydroponic culture.

It is suggested that hydroponic flower lovers choose tortoise back bamboo, gentleman orchid, synthetic fruit taro, silver bract taro, green apple, flower leaf water bamboo grass, calyx lotus, iron orchid, Guangdong evergreen, purple back evergreen, hanging bamboo plum, rich bamboo, flower and leaf vine Changchun, hanging orchid, umbrella grass and bulbous flowers such as tulips, lilies, hyacinths, hyacinths, Zhu Ding Hong, calamus orchid and so on.

Soilless cultivation technique of Cymbidium: hydroponic Culture method of Cymbidium

Shuipei Junzi orchid is a famous greenhouse flower. There are two species introduced from Europe and Japan in China. The former flower is small and drooping, which is called laughing gentleman orchid, while the latter has large and upward flowers, which is called big flower gentleman orchid, which is the most common species cultivated at present. The hydroponic magnolia flower is not as magnificent as the peony flower, nor as fragrant as the jasmine flower, let alone the gorgeous and colorful rose flower, but her leaf color is green and shiny, the flower is shaped like a torch upward, the flower color is orange-red, dignified and generous, it is an ideal potted flower to beautify the environment, and the magnolia flower is drooping, implicit and deep, elegant and solemn, and has a lasting appeal.

1. Cultivation substrate. Peat soil, vermiculite, ceramsite, perlite and so on are available, and ceramsite and perlite are the most ideal.

two。 With nutrient solution. The formula of self-made nutrient solution is potassium dihydrogen phosphate per liter of water. 5 mg, 132 mg of ammonium sulfate, 174 mg of potassium sulfate, 246 mg of magnesium sulfate, 23 6 mg of calcium nitrate, trace elements are constant. You can also buy soilless cultivation nutrient solution or special nutrient solution for orchid sold on the market and dilute it with cold boiled water in accordance with the prescribed multiple.

3. Select seedlings to wash roots. Remove the exuberant and well-shaped Cymbidium plants from the flowerpot, shake off the soil, do not hurt the roots, soak them in water close to the ambient temperature, wash the roots, pick off the rotten roots at the same time, and then soak the roots in a mixed nutrient solution for 8 to 12 hours to fully absorb nutrients.

4. Plant it in a pot. Choose a deeper plastic basin or ceramic basin, cover the bottom with a layer of thick plastic sheet, cover it with 2 cm to 5 cm thick ceramsite soaked in water, and then fill in a layer of moist perlite about 2 cm to 5 cm thick, slightly compacted. Put the orchid across in a large flowerpot, add wet perlite to the roots, hold the roots in both hands and gently place them in the basin, try not to let the perlite between the roots fall, and then fill in the wet perlite from all around until the flowerpot is 80% full. pay attention as long as it is buried to the root neck. Finally, a layer of ceramsite is added to prevent perlite particles from being washed away or ugly green algae on the surface of the substrate when adding water or watering nutrient solution, and a shallow plate is placed at the bottom of the flowerpot to prevent water seepage.

5. Add nutrient solution. When the planting of the orchid plant is completed, the prepared nutrient solution can be irrigated until water seeps from the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin, and spray some water on the leaf surface at the same time.

6. Daily management. Its requirements for light, temperature and air humidity are the same as those of ordinary soil culture. all exudates received in shallow plates should be poured back into the basin in time until there is no more nutrient exudate. Generally, large pots are supplemented with nutrient solution every 2 weeks, with a dosage of 200 ml to 300 ml, and small and medium-sized pots are poured with nutrient solution once a week, with a dosage of 50 ml to 100 ml. Before and during flowering, the nutrient solution should be replenished several times, and once a week.

In order to prevent accidents, you can try to use seedlings first, and then switch to adult plants for soilless cultivation after a little experience.