Soilless cultivation techniques and Culture methods of Rhododendron

Multi-purpose potted rhododendron is convenient for supreme cultivation, especially the very popular precious rhododendron treasures are more suitable for potted plants. The main points of soilless cultivation of rhododendron are introduced as follows.

Culture method

Rhododendron can be cultured by cutting, grafting, striping and sowing, while cutting and grafting are widely used, and the excellent characteristics of crystal seeds can be maintained. The sowing method is mainly used for cross breeding to select excellent individual plants.

Most of the cuttings are semi-lignified branches, which can be carried out from May to August. Often use river sand, perlite and peat as the matrix. Cover the flowerpot with a plastic bag and put it in a half-shaded place. Spray water every morning and evening for a week, and keep the soil moist after that. In

Under the condition of 20-25 ℃, the general varieties can take root in about 40 days. If the cuttings are treated with rooting powder or vitamin B12, it can promote rapid rooting and more rooting. If a large number of cuttings are cultured, the all-light spray cutting method can be adopted, which has the advantages of fast rooting and high survival rate.

Grafting usually uses rhododendron which is easy to be cut as rootstock and rhododendron with excellent varieties as scion, using abdominal grafting, split grafting or leaning grafting. The varieties that are not easy to survive by cutting and grafting can only be cultured by high branch pressing method, which can take root for about half a year.

Cultivation and management

Multi-purpose potted rhododendron is convenient for supreme cultivation, especially the very popular precious rhododendron treasures are more suitable for potted plants. The main points of soilless cultivation of rhododendron are introduced as follows.

The soilless cultivation of rhododendron often chooses ordinary medium-sized plastic flowerpots (15cm-20cm) or large imitation ceramic flowerpots according to plant size. Acidic substrates such as pine needles, peat, sawdust and coconut shell fiber can be used, or the mixed substrate of peat and vermiculite or pearl charcoal (2:1) can be used. Due to the fine root system of rhododendron, small contact surface between large grain matrix (such as ceramsite) and root system, strong ventilation and easy to dry up, ceramsite and perlite can not be used alone.

The nutrient solution of cultivated rhododendron requires strong acidity (pH value 4.5-5.5), which can meet the most suitable environmental acidity requirements of rhododendron root system. All kinds of nutrients in the nutrient solution are comprehensive and in an appropriate proportion to meet the needs of rhododendron growth and flowering. Special nutrient solution or comprehensive nutrient solution for rhododendron can be selected.

After planting, the nutrient solution should be irrigated thoroughly for the first time (diluted 3 murmurs 5 times). Buy half a shade for about half a month after slow seedling, enter the normal management. Fluid replacement every 10 days on weekdays, each medium-sized flowerpot 100-150 ml; large pot 200 Mel 250 ml. Replenish water on weekdays to keep the matrix moist, but do not make water in the basin and in the basin bottom tray. Azaleas are not tolerant to alkali, and the pH value of tap water used in cities is usually higher than 7. Watering flowers with this kind of water for a long time will cause the leaves to turn yellow, fall off and die. The simple solution is to set up a water tank in the place where azaleas are planted, which can be used to bask in the water, and you can put some grass, vegetable leaves and melon peels in the water. After about a week, the pH value of the water can be reduced to less than 7. If in order to clean, you can use vinegar essence or edible vinegar to adjust the pH of the water, about 1 tablespoon of edible vinegar to 500 ml of water. It is best to prepare some pH test paper by yourself, and try the pH value of the water before watering the flowers. If it is too alkaline, it should be adjusted before watering.

The whole growth process of potted rhododendron needs a semi-overcast environment. Spring, summer, autumn three seasons all need shade, in the family indoor also wants to avoid the strong light to shine directly, may see some sunshine appropriately in winter. Hot and muggy summer often causes azaleas yellow leaves, fallen leaves, and even death, so we should pay attention to ventilation cooling, water spray cooling. The suitable room temperature in winter is about 10 ℃.

Using the above soilless cultivation method, it is believed that rhododendron can be cultivated well in acidic or alkaline areas.

Soilless cultivation techniques of Rhododendron

(1) Biological characteristics

One of the top ten famous flowers is of great ornamental value. Different morphological characteristics are formed in different natural environments, including evergreen trees, small trees, shrubs and deciduous shrubs, whose basic form is evergreen or deciduous shrubs. It has many branches, alternate leaves and dark green on the surface. Racemes, terminal flowers, axillary or solitary, colorful flowers, some species of variety.

Azaleas are widely distributed in the cold and warm zones of the Northern Hemisphere. there are more than 900 species of rhododendrons in the world and more than 650 species in China. Their vertical distribution can be from flat land to high mountains at an altitude of 5000m, but it is the most luxuriant at 3000m above sea level. Because it likes acid soil, it is an indicator plant of acid soil, and its suitable pH range is 4.8-5.2. Azaleas are mostly resistant to shade and like temperature, and most avoid hot sun exposure, so they are suitable for growing under scattered light with less intense light. The suitable temperature for its growth is 25 ℃, and the suitable temperature for autumn cuckoo, summer rhododendron and spring rhododendron is about 15C, 10C and 5C, respectively. Cuckoos like to be dry, afraid of waterlogging, and avoid stagnant water.

(2) Culture methods

1. The cutting period is the plum rain season, and the survival rate is high when the temperature is moderate. The cuttings selected the new branches of the current year and the Lignified and hard branches as cuttings. The length of each cuttage is about 7~8cm. Remove the lower leaves and keep 4 leaves at the top. Insert the cuttings into the moist substrate, then put the cuttage bed in a ventilated place to avoid the sun, or use a curtain to shade the sun and open the curtain at night. Spray water only once or twice during the day to prevent stagnant water when it rains. It can take root about 1 month after cuttage, and it can be put on the pot after being refined gradually.

two。 The advantage of this method is that the seedlings are larger. The method is to bend down the branches at the base of the female parent and press them into the matrix in the basin. After 5-6 months, the branches are cut off from the upper basin after taking root. If the branch is at the top and cannot be bent down, the high-altitude striping method is used, that is, the soil is filled with bamboo tube or thin film for moisturizing (the same as rose, sweet-scented osmanthus, etc.). Pay attention to regular watering, and new roots will take place after July and August.

3. Grafting method some rhododendron varieties, such as Crown, Ghost smile, he Zhizhu, etc., with cutting culture, the effect is not good, can be used grafting method to breed. The rootstock should choose the rhododendron with strong vitality and good cold resistance, while the scion should make use of the rhododendron with bright color and good flower shape.

There are three kinds of grafting methods: leaning grafting, bud grafting and abdominal grafting.

(1) each pot of rhododendron that connects the selected rootstock and scion, lean side by side, select the smooth and jointless parts with the same growth and branch thickness (rootstock and scion), each cut one knife, the cutting surface is about 3~4cm, deep to the xylem, and the cutting surface should be of the same size, then the forming layer of the two should be aligned and fitted, and then bundled with hemp or plastic film belt in turn, the binding is moderate, after about 5 months. The wound healed and merged into one. Then break the scion from the mother and remove the bandage and put it on the basin in the spring of the following year.

(2) the biennial rhododendron was selected as the rootstock, and the top bud was cut off and cut flat. Then split a knife in the middle, the depth is about 4mm, and then cut the buds of the scion about lcm. Cut both sides into the same wedge, insert the rootstock, make the forming layer close, bind the interface with thread, place it on a cool rack, survive in about 20 days, then refine it, and serve it in a month.

(3) take the scion with a length of 4-5cra, leave 4 leaves at the top, remove all the lower leaves, cut into a wedge on both sides of the stem with a sharp knife, length 0.5-1cm, and the cutting surface should be flat, smooth and clean to prevent contamination. Then at the 6~7cm at the base of the rootstock, the depth is slightly longer than the cutting surface of the scion, and the forming layer of the two is aligned when inserted into the scion. Then wrap the joint of the two with thread, and then use a small plastic film bag to tie the scion together with the interface into a human bag, tightening the mouth of the bag to protect against wind and moisturization. after being moved to a shaded place, it can survive on the basin after about 1 month.

(3) soilless cultivation techniques

1. The varieties suitable for soilless cultivation are as follows:

The main results are as follows: (1) the flowers and leaves of rhododendron are blooming together, the leaves are thick and shiny, the flowers are large and gorgeous, multiple petals, flowering from May to June.

(2) the summer cuckoo first spreads its leaves and then blossoms, with small leaves, dense branches and leaves, narrow and pointed leaves, and dense velvet.

Mao. The flower is divided into single and double petals, the flower is smaller, the florescence is June.

(3) Yingshanhong blossoms first and then grows branches and leaves, which is cold-tolerant, often with 3 flower clusters at the top of the branch, 5 petals, bright red, flowering from 2 to 4 months.

(4) semidouble crown, white and red edge, 3 petals with green spots on the base, very beautiful, known as the king of azaleas.

(5) the honeysuckle is evergreen all the year round, and the flowers are red or purplish white with spots on them. It blossoms from May to June.

two。 The preparation of rhododendron cultivation substrate with soilless culture substrate is better with mixed substrate, and there are many kinds of substrate formulations to choose from.

4 parts of ① rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of humic acid fertilizer, 2 parts of Montenegro soil, 1 part of superphosphate.

3 parts of ② peat, 2 parts of sawdust, 3 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of bagasse, 1 part of superphosphate.

5 samples of ③ litter, 2 samples of vermiculite, 1 part of sawdust and 1 part of calcium superphosphate.

4 samples of ④ lichen, 2 samples of gravel, 2 samples of plastic foam particles and 2 samples of mountain loess.

The formula matrix should be evenly mixed, sterilized and put into a basin for use.

The main results are as follows: (1) the upper basin should be carried out before and after entering the greenhouse in autumn or out of the greenhouse in spring. The way to get into the basin is to cross-cover the drainage hole with several pieces of broken basin or tiles, first fill a thin layer of gravel on the bottom, then fill in the slag, then fill the coarse soil, put a layer of fine soil on the top layer, put the seedling in the center, and the root system should be fully extended and the depth is appropriate. Then use one hand to hold the seedlings, the other hand to add a well-mixed matrix to the basin, until the root neck, vibrate the matrix in the basin, and then add appropriate amount of matrix to 2~3cm from the mouth of the basin. And then water it with a spray can. Watering should be adequate for the first time until the bottom of the basin drips out. After the cuckoo goes into the pot, it needs to go through the 7~l0d basin stage and put it in the semi-shady part of the greenhouse. When leaving the room, it should be placed under the outdoor shade to avoid direct sunlight, causing the plant to wilt.

(2) after changing the pot, the plant grows into a large seedling with dense branches and leaves, and the root system is well developed, the plant should be moved to a larger pot. Otherwise, it will be because the root system can not stretch in the small bowl, entangled with each other, not only can not fully absorb fertilizer and water, but also affect ventilation and drainage. Plant growth will decline 6, at the same time, after a period of time, the matrix becomes worse, but also need to replace the new substrate. The identification of whether it is necessary to change the pot mainly depends on the growth of the plant, as long as the tree does not have a serious decline. It is usually better to change the basin every 3 years or so. Large plants often have larger pots accordingly and can be changed every 5 years or so. As long as the extra-large ones do not decline, they can not be changed for many years.

When changing the basin, use a cutter or slice knife to cut along the inner edge of the basin, peel off the root beard attached to the inner edge of the bowl, then lift the plant, remove the broken basin or tile adhered to the bottom of the root plate, loosen the matrix around the root system, peel off some edge persistent soil, so that the surrounding roots are scattered, but the matrix in the center of the top surface does not need to be disassembled. Cut off excessively long roots and blackened diseased roots and old roots to promote new roots. The operation of changing the pot is the same as that of the pot, and the season of changing the basin is similar to that of the pot, but the plants that have entered the full flowering stage should be carried out after flowering.

(3) the root system of watering rhododendron is thin and weak, that is, it is not tolerant to drought and flood. If the growth period is not irrigated in time, the root system will shrink, the leaves will droop or curl, the tip will become scorched yellow, and the serious ones will not be able to recover and die for a long time. If too much watering, ventilation is blocked, it will cause rotten roots, light leaf yellow, leaf fall, growth standstill, heavy death. Therefore, the watering of azaleas should not be neglected, it should be fully watered when the climate is dry, and only properly watered when the surface of the basin soil is dry during normal growth. If the growth is poor, the leaves are grayish green or yellowish green, they can be irrigated 2 times or 3 times with 1pm 1000 ferrous sulfate alone when applying fertilizer and water.

Attention should be paid to the water quality when watering azaleas. A clean water source must be used, and the water temperature had better be close to the air temperature when watering. There is bleach in urban tap water, which is harmful to plants and must be stored for several days. Alkaline water is not suitable for use. The water quality in the north is somewhat alkaline, so sulfuric acid can be added and pH can be adjusted for reuse.

(4) the nutrient solution management of rhododendron requires strong acidity and pH4.5~5.5 is suitable. The various components of the nutrient solution are required to be comprehensive and in an appropriate proportion to meet the needs of rhododendron growth and flowering. Special nutrition solution or general nutrition solution for rhododendron can be selected. The nutrient solution (diluted 3-5 times) should be watered thoroughly for the first time after planting. Buy half a shade for about half a month after slow seedling, enter the normal management. Fluid was infused every 10 days on weekdays, each time 100~150mi in medium basin and 200~250ml in large basin. Keep it moist during the hydration period. Rhododendron is not resistant to alkali. In order to regulate the nutrient solution pH, vinegar or edible vinegar can be used to adjust the water-saving pH, and the acidity and basicity of the nutrient solution can be determined by pH test paper.

In the process of soilless cultivation of rhododendron, semi-shaded environment is always required in spring, summer and autumn. High temperature and muggy heat in summer often lead to yellowing and shedding of rhododendron leaves, and even death, so it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation and water cooling, and the appropriate room temperature in winter is about 10 ℃.

What are the flowers suitable for soilless cultivation? What are the key points for the maintenance of soilless flowers?

The environment of soilless cultivation is the artificial growth environment of crops, which can then replace the environment of soil. It can make the plant grow rapidly, robust, blossom more and early, big and fragrant, and resistant to cold and heat, less diseases and insect pests.

Today we will take you to find out which flowers are suitable for soilless cultivation and what are the key points for conservation.

What are the flowers suitable for soilless cultivation?

Tortoise back bamboo, Milan, gentleman orchid, camellia, rose, jasmine, rhododendron, kumquat, evergreen, violet, Phalaenopsis, inverted golden bell, five-needle pine, Camptotheca, rubber banyan, Brazilian iron, begonia, ferns, palms and so on. Potted flowers change from soilless cultivation to soilless cultivation, which can be carried out in any season.

Maintenance points of soilless cultivation of flowers 1. Preparation of nutrient solution:

Dilute the soilless culture nutrient solution sold on the market according to the prescribed multiple. You can also use the following formula to prepare your own nutrient solution.

1. A large number of elements: 3 grams each of potassium nitrate and magnesium sulfate, 5 grams of calcium nitrate, 2 grams of ammonium phosphate, 1 gram of potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. Trace elements: (applied chemical reagent) disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 0.1 g, ferrous sulfate 75 mg, boric acid 30 mg, manganese sulfate 20 mg, zinc sulfate 5 mg, copper sulfate 1 mg, ammonium molybdate 2 mg.

3. 5 kilograms of tap water. A large number of elements and trace elements are mixed into solutions, and then mixed to form a nutrient solution. The amount of trace elements is very small, and it is not easy to weigh, so it can be prepared by expanding multiples, and then the amount can be extracted by the same multiple. For example, trace elements can be expanded 100 times to rematch into a solution, and then 1% of the solution can be extracted, that is, the required amount. The nutrient solution is non-toxic, odorless, clean and hygienic, and can be stored for a long time.

Second, take off the basin:

Push the root system to the soil with your fingers from the hole at the bottom of the basin.

Third, wash the roots:

Soak the roots with soil in water close to the ambient temperature to wash the soil in the rhizosphere.

4. Immersion solution:

Soak the washed root in a mixed nutrient solution for 10 minutes to fully absorb nutrients.

Fifth, filling basin and filling liquid:

Wash the flowerpot, place tiles or fill the bottom hole with plastic yarn, then put a little perlite and vermiculite in the pot, then put the plant into the basin and fill the root system with light ores such as perlite and vermiculite. Gently shake the flowerpot to make the ore close to the root system. Immediately irrigate the prepared nutrient solution until there is an outflow from the bottom hole of the basin.

6. Strengthen the root system:

Use quartz stone, axe chopping stone and other pieces on the root system to strengthen the root system and avoid lodging. At the same time, spray some water on the leaves.

7. Daily management:

The requirements of light, temperature and other conditions for the bonsai of soilless cultivation are the same as those of soilless cultivation, the nutrient solution is irrigated once a week during the plant growing period, and the amount of flowers with slow leaf growth is reduced according to the plant size, and once every 30 days in winter or dormant period. Indoor foliage plants can survive in low light, so the amount of nutrient solution should be reduced, and the nutrient solution can also be used for foliar spraying. At ordinary times, we should pay attention to timely watering.

That's all I know today about what flowers are suitable for soilless cultivation and what are the key points of management and conservation. I hope it will be helpful for you to read the above article. If you want to know more about cultivation techniques, please continue to follow our succulent flower beds and ask you to provide more relevant knowledge!