Bonsai modeling cannot be stylized or mechanized.

Bonsai styling does not need this kind of foresight. If there is such a forward-looking, bonsai modeling is easy to go into a stylized, mechanized dead end. The modeling in the personal mind is limited, and it is impossible to have the ever-changing modeling like nature. Before creating, painters have to go to nature to sketch, that is, to seek inspiration from nature, looking for different composition and shape, in order to achieve the unexpected artistic effect of Taoism and nature. If we use this kind of forward-looking to shape, it is tantamount to directional training, and the artistic effect of the final work must fall into the artificial and stylized nest mortar. Bonsai modeling, should let the material grow randomly, grow into ever-changing shapes, and then shape according to talent, in order to obtain unexpected and ever-changing artistic effect.

Bonsai should be stylized and not stylized.

Bonsai should be stylized and not stylized.

Like circle drawing, photography and dance, bonsai is an art expressed in images rather than words and words. Speak through the image, and move people through the image. According to the characteristics and laws of bonsai itself, efforts should be made to communicate the appearance of bonsai works with the psychology of the audience, so that the appearance of bonsai works coincides with the psychological reaction of the audience, and the meaning expressed is understood and accepted by the audience. If we ignore the shape and rely only on the title, it is impossible to resonate with the audience psychologically.

The appearance of bonsai is a relatively long process of artistic shaping, which can not be done at once like painting. From the beginning of material selection and maintenance, we should have a clear idea of the shape of the future. The usual fixed buds,

Pruning, pruning, banding, etc., should strive to achieve the desired shape. All the parts should be shaped from the bonsai shape design, making it an integral part of the whole. Of course, the growth of plants can not fully follow people's wishes, which requires the author to be good at adapting to the circumstances, adjusting and modifying the original shape design, such as changing the original oblique dry shape to cliff style and so on.

In the current bonsai modeling, the phenomenon of similarity and stylization is common, especially the shape of unequilateral triangular shape. In some articles that introduce and evaluate bonsai modeling, unequilateral triangle shape is introduced as the only program. In the analysis of works, unequal triangles are used to define them, which is misleading. Some beginners think that the shape of bonsai can only be shaped into unequilateral triangles and dare not cross the line (figure).

In fact, the shape of the unequilateral triangle or the top of the cauldron is a regular geometric shape. The author only needs to let the branches and leaves grow and fill in the triangular frame, and after forming, through pruning, the triangular shape can be maintained all the time. This shape does not require much creative thinking, and it is not much different from the shape of spherical trees in parks and roadsides. If you see too much, you will feel bored, and it is impossible to produce an exhilarating and pleasant sense of beauty in people's psychology.

From the point of view of plant growth law, the crown is generally small at the top and large below, and the triangular crown shape accords with the growth law of trees. This provides a simple shape model for beginners. But can we make it more implicit and obscure, with ups and downs without traces of mechanical affectation? Let's enjoy two bonsai works:

One is Bao Shiqi's bonsai work "Shuangxiong" (figure 10-16), and the other is the real cypress bonsai of the California Bonsai Alliance (Picture 10-17).

The branches of the two works vary in length and dispersion, there is an open gap around the crown, and some local branches break through the virtual triangular boundary, and the outer outline of the crown is a free curve with ups and downs, concave and convex, and rhythmic changes. There is no trace of artificial processing, it appears very vivid and natural (see figure 10-17, the light yellow line is the virtual unequal triangle frame line of the crown. The red line is the actual outer contour of the crown, which is a free and smooth curve. In fact, there are all kinds of things in nature, and it is difficult to find trees in the shape of triangles.

The composition and expressive skills of Eastern Flower arrangement

1. The composition of flower pattern

Oriental flower arrangement often uses the composition method of unequal triangles to determine the shape and give full play to the changes of lines. It is characterized by the principle of asymmetric balance, rich in variety, and can get lively and natural artistic effects. It has a wide range of use, can express the author's thoughts, and the artistic conception is profound. Asymmetric flower arrangement is not easy to master, just learn to follow a certain proportion of the relationship between the configuration. The natural flower pattern of oriental flower arrangement is mostly composed of three main branches.

(1) the three main branches: the pruning combination and the proportional relationship with the container are set at 7:5:3, the scale of the golden section ratio is 10, but there is absolutely no fixed formula and strict requirements for the position, direction and angle of each flower branch. It is based on the principle that the natural trend of flowers and branches is full of natural interest and in accordance with the natural principles, and under the preservation of the original natural form of flowers, they are flexibly inserted and modeled at will, so as to achieve the state of "although it is made by people, it is like a white sky". The various sizes in flower arrangement should be coordinated with the scale of the environmental space in which they are placed. Once the size of the work is determined, it is necessary to decide which container to choose. The container is also a part of the work, and the container should be included as a whole when considering the size of the work. After the container is selected, the size of the work is completed by the length / height of the main branch.

The environmental size of the work determines the overall size of the work.

Determine the size of the container according to the overall size of the work

Determine the length ∕ height of the main branch according to the size of the container

Determine the length ∕ height of the main branch

The length of the first main branch ∕ height = (container diameter + container height) × 1. 5: 2

Second main branch length ∕ height = first main branch length ∕ height x 3 ∕ 4 ∕ 2 ∕ 3

Third main branch length ∕ height = second main branch length ∕ height x 3 ∕ 4 ∕ 2 ∕ 3

After the proportional relationship of the length of the three main branches is determined, a positioning method with unequilateral triangular contours should be used. The shape of this method changes greatly, as long as we master the proportional relationship and change the position and angle of the three main branches slightly, we will be able to produce patterns of different shapes.

(2) subordinate branch: also called auxiliary branch. Several subordinate branches can be inserted around each main branch as needed to set off the main branch. In principle, it should not exceed the main branch, and generally choose the same flowers as the main branch. If the mutual position and insertion angle of each flower material are different, the flower pattern is different.

two。 Performance skills

(1) asymmetric balance: asymmetric shape is like a scale, although the distance between the two sides, up and down is long or short, but the center of gravity is located in the center of the flower arrangement, so it can maintain the stability and balance of the center of gravity. In terms of balance, there are some requirements for the layout of flowers: light and heavy, scattered and gathered, shallow, deep, small and large; high and low, pitching echo-to create a level, flower arrangement should be inserted into a three-dimensional level, not in a plane, the concept of perspective should be established, the work should have the tendency to extend to the deep and distant, the flower branch pruning should be long and short, and the height of the flower and leaf should not exceed that of the main flower. Sparse and dense-the arrangement of flower branches in flower arrangement works must be isometric, sparse and dense in order to have charm; the combination of reality and reality-the space created by the high and low position of flowers, so that the flower arrangement works have space to fully show the beauty of the flowers, so that the branches have a place to stretch, can expand the scope of the work, so that it can be stretched.

(2) choose the unified trend point of flowers: the front of flowers should be oriented towards a unified direction-light source, such as the phototropism of plant branches. The upright pattern, which is directly above the front of the flower arranger's position, is left-leaning (sagging) or right-sloping (sagging) in front of the flower arranger's position. The orientation of the front of all flowers should be consistent with this point as far as possible, not in reverse. In order to reflect the beauty of each flower echoing each other.

(3) choose the best line flower material: the eastern flower arrangement shape is mainly the application of lines. Different lines show different connotations, straight lines show rigidity and force, curved lines and thin lines show softness, and diagonal lines show movement. The specific choice of line flowers must be combined with the theme expressed by the author. Take the flower branch as the line to carry on the modelling, especially is good at using the woody flower branch line to carry on the modelling is also one of the most prominent features of Chinese traditional flower arrangement, the woody flower branch is the most picturesque, or soft or rigid, or thick or thin, or elegant or ancient, and so on. Its life is also long and easy to process and reshape, and it can be composed freely, showing a variety of beautiful and vivid contours, volume, texture and dynamics, showing a world of art, a world of flowers and a world of art.

(4) freehand brushwork and realism: realism is to emulate the growth law of flowers and trees in nature, inserting flowers and branches into the flower apparatus according to various natural postures to show the natural landscape. Freehand brushwork emphasizes the poetic and picturesque feeling brought by the modeling of the work. The use of abstract means of expression, through the selection of flowers to make people associate. Freehand brushwork is the highest state of oriental flower arrangement.

(5) creation of artistic conception: Oriental flower arrangement is represented by China and Japan, and its style is mainly aimed at reflecting the natural beauty, line beauty and artistic conception beauty of flowers, and the creation of artistic conception is the highest realm pursued by Chinese flower arrangement art. it is rooted in Chinese ancient culture and art, embodies the natural realm pursued by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in Chinese philosophy, and integrates the cultural connotation of Chinese poetry and painting. Therefore, the beauty of artistic conception is not only the contribution of Chinese flower arrangement art to the world flower arrangement art, but also the difficulty in Chinese flower arrangement design and creation. The depth of artistic conception is the most important standard to measure the artistic level of Chinese flower arrangement. therefore, the development of Chinese flower arrangement art can not be separated from this basic foundation. It is very important for flower arrangement creators to understand and master this point. The focal point of Chinese art flower arrangement is the creation of artistic conception. "artistic conception" is not only a core category in Chinese classical art theory, but also a realm pursued by Chinese classical art, which reflects the aesthetic consciousness of the Chinese nation. Ancient scholars and artists have different understandings of artistic conception, such as Su Shi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, the "harmony of thought and situation" mentioned in "24 Poems", the "spiritual resemblance" pursued by Chinese painting, and the unity of content beauty and formal beauty pursued by calligraphy art. Although its opinions are different from different angles, it can be unified to one point, that is, it requires the connection and agreement between the emotional world of the subject and the material world of the object, according to the interpretation of the modern "ci Hai", artistic conception is a kind of artistic realm formed by the fusion of life picture and thought and emotion depicted in literary and artistic works. The two are consistent. Chinese art flower arrangement or draw lessons from the theories or creative techniques of the above arts as the basis, therefore, the artistic conception in the artistic flower arrangement can be understood as: the ideological content of the flower arrangement creator and the flower arrangement shape arranged according to the theme together constitute the artistic conception of the art flower arrangement, both of which depend on each other and are indispensable.

Flower arrangement is a plastic art, whether traditional or modern, whether conventional or unconventional. As an artistic flower arrangement, we must first understand the shape, texture and habits of flower arrangement materials before creating flower arrangement. Master the basic theory of flower arrangement, skilled techniques and techniques of flower arrangement, be familiar with the relevant cultural and artistic contents, and carefully observe and study the landscape that exists in reality. Make yourself confident in the creation of flower arrangement, which is the basic condition of the creation of flower arrangement. On this basis, it is possible to create works with beautiful artistic conception only through constant practice, creation and communication. Artistic flower arrangement artistic conception creation should be completed at least two major steps, that is, the determination of the direction of creative content and the completion of flower arrangement modeling.

Generally speaking, artistic flower arrangement is only the cohesion and reflection of the author's artistic accomplishment, so the content direction of creation does not need to consider too much about the environment and use. the important thing is what the author wants to express, what he can express, and how deep he can perform. in order to determine the depth of the artistic conception of the works that can be created. Therefore, for creators with certain flower arrangement skills, the accurate orientation of creation is the most important, which can ultimately determine whether the author can create works with strange, high and distant artistic conception. According to the connotation of the artistic conception of flower arrangement in Chinese art, the determination of the creative direction can be mainly considered from the contents contained in literature, the natural and man-made landscapes in reality, and the flowers and utensils that make up flower arrangement, so as to inspire creation through the use of them or the inspiration derived from them. The landscape in reality can produce the most intuitive enlightenment to the creators of flower arrangement, which is why we emphasize the careful observation of the landscape before the creation of flower arrangement. The creative ideas of many works are derived from this, whether it is the reference and processing of the natural landscape, or the imitation and refinement of the artificial landscape, there are inexhaustible contents. Artistic flower arrangement comes from life, so some creations that express the artistic conception of the times can be expressed more easily from the aspects of flower arrangement containers, accessories and flowers.

Second, the basic shape of oriental flower arrangement

(1) upright flower arrangement: upright flower arrangement is based on the fact that the first main branch is basically upright. All inserted flowers show a natural upward momentum, and the trend remains to one place. The insertion of each flower should have an artistic conception, highlight the theme, and strive to have a clear hierarchy and high and low levels. The first main branch must be inserted into an erect shape in the flower organ. The second main branch is slightly inclined on one side of the first main branch. The third main branch inserted in the other fairy of the first main branch can also be tilted slightly, and the latter two flowers are required to echo the first flower to form a whole. Express the artistic conception of Tingting Yuli or upright. To strive for change, auxiliary flowers do not weaken the trend of the main branch. Insertion points-both high and low can be modeled in this way. When inserting with a shallow dish, pay attention to the position of the main branch in the container, and when placed in the center, strive to change so as not to be rigid. The longest main branch is consistent with the vertical line, or within 15 degrees of the angle between the vertical line. Shallow pots or tall bottles can be used as flower arrangement containers.

A shallow basin upright type: place flower mud or sword mountain on one side of the shallow basin to extend the pattern to the blank space on the other side. The first main branch is vertical or left-leaning vertical line 15 degrees slightly backward about 10 degrees. The second main branch is inserted at 30 degrees on the left side of the first main branch and tilts forward about 45 degrees, so that the flower branch has the depth of front and back, showing a three-dimensional feeling, and can not be in the same plane as the first main branch. The third main branch is inserted on the right side of the first main branch and tilts forward 75 °, basically horizontal or slightly upward. After the three main branches are inserted, the slave branches are inserted around the three main branches. the angle between the first and second main branches and their main branches is small, tilting forward 10-15 °, and the third main branch is 20-50 °forward in the middle position, which can be composed of 2-3 flowers; and it is often the focus of modeling, so larger flowers are often selected. Finally, three or four leaves are inserted at the base to enrich the flower shape to block Jianshan or flower mud.

B bottle upright type: the flower pattern and the angle of the main branch of the high bottle flower arrangement are the same as those of the shallow pot, but the fixture does not use Jianshan or flower mud, and the fixing skill is higher, so that it does not move at will. The common method is to separate the larger bottle mouth from each other, or to fix the position of the flower branches by binding the branches, and then complete the overall shape according to the shallow basin insertion method. Special attention should be paid to the treatment in the bottle. Oriental flower arrangement requires that the mouth of the bottle be clean and clean, and generally leave at least a space of 1 hand 4.

There is also an upright deformation called upright. The vertical flower pattern is narrow, and the base of each flower branch is consistent with the vertical line. The first main branch must be inserted into a vertical state without bending and distribution tilt. Flowers with a certain curve at the top should be selected as the main branch. The second and third main branches are basically vertical and cannot have a large curvature. It is appropriate to choose pot-shaped flowers.

(2) flat composition: flat flower arrangement is the pattern of all flowers on the whole plane. The shape is like the creeping growth posture of the ground cover plant, there is no obvious high and low level change between the flowers and branches, only to the left and right parallel direction for long and short expansion. Although the three main branches in flower arrangement are all on the same plane, the insertion of each flower is also long and short, far and near, and can also form a momentum. Generally, the first main branch is inserted on one side of the flower organ, the second main branch is inserted on the other side, and the third main branch is inserted according to the balance of the center of gravity of the work. For example, the first main branch is about 85 °forward to the left and vertical, which is basically horizontal with the flower organ; the second main branch is inserted into about 75 °to the right, and the third main branch is tilted upward into about 15 °or sharply forward, which mainly depends on the need for the balance of the center of gravity of the work; finally, insert the subsidiary branch of the foil. Of course, the styling is not the only one, there can be many changes. For example, when the flower organ is placed on one side against the wall, the first and second main branches can appear on the same side, and the balance relationship can be solved by the third main branch. In the actual flower arrangement, it is rare to have a flat-angle shape, that is, there is no absolute horizontal shape, and the spread is only relative. In general, flower branches change in the range of 15 °above and below the horizontal line. The coordination of flat flower arrangement is difficult to master, so we should try to achieve a certain balance between flowers and branches. The main branches spread horizontally in the container and can be 180 °or tilted slightly up and down. Insertion points-it is appropriate to use a tall container to avoid the work being too dull and monotonous.

(3) oblique composition: the main branch shows an inclined layout in the container, marked by the first main branch tilting to one side of the flower organ. Used to express a landscape that is zigzag or swaying in the wind. This style of flower arrangement has a certain natural state, like those branches that have been pressed and bent after the wind and rain, growing upward again, containing an indomitable spirit, and the charm of the flowers and trees facing the water. Elegant and elegant posture. The position of the first main branch is in the range of 30 °from the left and right of the vertical line to 30 °below the horizontal line. The variation range of the first main branch of the inclined type is the largest, and the position of the flower body can be determined within the left and right 90 °. However, when determining the position of the first main branch, we should avoid the position where it intersects the horizontal line of the flower mouth as much as possible, and it is more taboo to insert the three main branches on the same level. The second and third main branches all change around the first main branch, but are not limited by the scope of the first main branch, and can be upright or suspended. In short, it is the principle to form the best echo situation with the first main branch and maintain a unified trend. This is like free-growing flowers and trees, all in the same direction, competing to get sunlight. For example, the first main branch is inserted in front of Jianshan, first vertically, then slowly press the branch downward and left forward to 45 °with the vertical line, tilting forward 15 °; the second main branch is inserted in the left front of Jianshan, 15 °with the vertical line; the third main branch is inserted in the front of the right 75 °and can be inserted on the right side of the basin; finally, the slave branches and other flowers are inserted respectively; the focus can be composed of the middle main branch plus the same subordinate branch. The first main branch can also tilt 45-70 °to the right front, and the second and third main branches change accordingly; the second main branch can change in the range of 15 °around the vertical line, and the third main branch can change in the range of 50-75 °on the opposite side, but the three main branches always maintain a unified trend. Inclined composition has a strong sense of motion, pay attention to maintain the center of gravity of the work, do not lose balance.

(4) sagging composition: the main branch shows a drooping posture in the container, which is most suitable to express the soft, graceful, light and romantic character. Is the first branch hanging on the flower, as the main modeling features, such as mountains and rivers, waterfalls, but also like the kudzu vine hanging on the cliff. Flower branches require soft branches, sparse and smooth, making their lines concise and exaggerated. It is appropriate to use a tall container to maintain the balance of the center of gravity of the work, and the display position of the work should be higher than the line of sight. There is no clear stipulation on the length of flowers, which can be longer or shorter, mainly according to the position of flowers and furnishings. The position where the first main branch is inserted into the flower organ is bent from up to down in the range of 120 °below the parallel line. Generally speaking, the first main branch does not drop directly from the mouth of the flower organ, but first extends obliquely upward, and then hangs downwards with a smooth curve. Flower branches can maintain curvature, so that the work is full of the beauty of curve changes. For example, ivy can remove part of the leaves, reduce the weight of the branch and let it hang naturally; it can also be mechanically bent with wire. If a flower branch is used, the orientation of the flower head should be consistent with the angle of view. If the viewing angle is high, the flower head is downward; if the viewing angle is low, the flower head is facing up. The viewing side of the flower should face the visual point of view of the person, in order to maintain the best viewing angle. The second main branch is oblique to the left or right front 15 °(in the same direction as the first main branch), the reverse direction of the third main branch is 75 °, and the angle between the third main branch and the first main branch is about 100 °. The insertion of the second and third main branches mainly plays the role of stabilizing the center of gravity and perfecting the works. The location of the insertion can change, but you also need to keep the trend consistent. You can't go your own way.

(5) scene composition: it is one of the common composition forms of oriental art flower arrangement, which is more used in flower arrangement exhibitions and less used in home decoration. It is a representative corner of the natural scenery, simulated in square-inch utensils, such as spring willow Yiyi by the pool, Reed flowers such as frost in late autumn, showing a single or combined natural landscape. This method of artistic creation is similar to that of gardening or bonsai. One branch sees the forest, the ruler water is the sea, one leaf is the sail, and the broken flowers refer to the snow. The ingenious combination of flowers and leaves is shown in the square inch, which is most suitable to be represented by a shallow dish container. The general method of expression can use a natural basic flower pattern to be inserted on one side or corner of the basin to show the plants that grow naturally, while the other side leaves blank water features or open fields, and the gaps left in the water basin can give people more space to imagine. 2-3 groups of natural basic flower patterns can also be arranged unevenly in the basin according to unequilateral triangle, but the flower size is primary and secondary, and the flower material used should be the same, so that the primary and secondary flower body echoes with each other and the shape becomes more complete.

III. The main forms of Japanese flower path

Japanese flower arrangement is called Huadao in Japan. Many schools have been formed in the long historical period. Each school has its own representative pattern.

1. Lihua: it is the representative pattern of Chi Fang flow. It means flowers standing upright. The real artistic conception is the expression of the wild interest of the natural landscape. It is generally composed of 9 branches of flowers, with pine, juniper and cypress as the main flowers, symmetrical and erect, with rigorous composition. Note that the base of the flowers should be inserted vertically in the middle of the container.

two。 Unripe flower: it is the representative flower pattern of ancient flow, also known as checkered flower. It means growing flowers. Flowers form unequilateral triangles with true, secondary and body main branches. True represents heaven, deputy represents man, body represents earth, and heaven and earth harmonize and breed life. The most important feature of raw flowers is that the flowers are few and refined, the composition is simple, and the natural beauty of flower growth is reproduced by using flowing lines and exquisite floral apparatus tables. Note that the base of the flowers must still be inserted vertically together, in the middle of the container.

3. Shenghua: the creation of a small source. It means flowers in full bloom in a shallow pot. It is characterized by inserting flowers in water plates or wide-mouth flower utensils to show the beauty of quantity and color as well as the beauty of natural landscape. Pay attention to the overall compactness and properly decorate the water and sockets.

4. Free Flowers: grass Moon flow creation. It means as cordial as the grass and bright as the moon. Also known as avant-garde flowers. Break through the traditional form and emphasize the combination with real life to create more freedom. He often emphasizes the exaggeration of beauty and creates freely with abstract and imaginative techniques so as to reach the realm of natural beauty and abstract beauty pursued by the author.

The composition and expressive skills of Western-style Flower arrangement (1)

1. Skeleton flower: determine the basic shape, size and direction of the flower pattern.

two。 Focus flower: (1) in the center of the shape, or in the middle and lower position, sometimes pressed on the mouth of the bottle, should be emphasized and its effect.

(2) if there are crosses and turns in the flower arrangement, the focus should be at the corner or intersection of the work.

(3) focus handling should not be top-heavy.

(4) the flowers used at the focus position are generally special-shaped flowers.

Tip: put the flowers to be inserted on the table, select the largest and most beautiful, the best blooming as the focus flowers, insert in the focus position. Western-style flower arrangement can sometimes be without focus.

3. Filled flowers: there are few gaps in traditional western flower arrangement. Commonly used are full star, Buxue grass, Tianmen winter, small chrysanthemum and so on.

(2) performance skills

1. The appearance of the work is clear and has a strong three-dimensional sense.

two。 Attach importance to color design.

Second, the basic shape of western flower arrangement.

The flower mud is 3cm higher than the flower organ, and the flower mud is fixed with waterproof glue.

(1) Triangle

For one-sided viewing of flowers. Is the most common basic shape, the performance of luxury style. Insertion points-the height, width and depth are symmetrically balanced, and the vertical flower axis tilts slightly back, but does not exceed the vertical surface of the edge of the container, generally maintaining about 15 °, and the horizontal flower axis expands or folds forward at 180 °close to the edge of the container.

1. Setting (skeleton): the vertical flower axis is located backward in the center of the flower organ, and the vertical flower axis tilts back about 5 °, and its length is 1.5 times longer than that of the flower organ (length + width). The left and right horizontal flower axis is as long as the main axis, and the lateral branch on one side can be about 1 / 3 of the vertical axis. A short flower axis is inserted directly in front of it, which is 90 °to the vertical flower axis, which determines the depth of the flower pattern, so that the flower is three-dimensional, with a general length of 1 stroke 4 of the vertical flower branch.

two。 Focus flower: if there is a special-shaped focus flower, insert 2 focus flowers at the lower part of the center line, 1max, 3mo, 1max, and the position of the flower should be 45 °on the line between the vertical axis and the front axis.

3. Filled flowers: in addition to the main flower and focus, insert florets and leaves of different lengths around it to make the flower pattern plump. The filled flower should be lower than the main flower and should not exceed the main flower. Sometimes in order to create a hazy effect, such as the stars, etc., can also be higher than the main flower.

Note:

1. All kinds of flowers should be inserted in the triangular skeleton and should not go beyond the scope of the skeleton.

two。 Flowers should not all be inserted on the same plane, but should be scattered in high and low to increase the sense of hierarchy.

3. Make-up flowers try not to be higher than the main flowers.

(2) L-type

Usually one-sided view of flowers. Put it at the corner of the windowsill. The flower pattern consists of a long longitudinal axis and a shorter horizontal axis. Insertion points-emphasize vertical and horizontal lines, do not have too many flowers under right angle intersection, vertical flower axis tilts later, horizontal flower axis extends 180 °against the edge of the container, pay attention to the stability of the center of gravity and the balance of height, width and depth.

1. Stereotype (skeleton): the vertical flower axis is behind the left side of the flower organ. The left and front axles are shorter, about 1 pedicel 4 vertical rachis long, giving the flower a three-dimensional shape.

two。 Focus; flowers and branches are dense in two short axes, which is also the focus, and then extends outward, and the flowers gradually decrease.

3. Filling flowers: ditto.

Note:

1. The horizontal axis should not be too long and the horizontal axis should be short. For example, the flower organ is thin and high, and the horizontal axis is shorter.

two。 The focus flower is concentrated at the base of L, and the height is 1 top 4 of the vertical axis.

3. Flowers with strong linear sense should be used for vertical lines and horizontal long axes.

(3) inverted T type

Often one-sided view of flowers. Is a symmetrical, but more lively, beautiful shape. It is composed of two horizontal and vertical spindles and a short axis directly in front of it. The shape is similar to the triangle, but the number of flowers in the vertical and horizontal axis is less and lower. The main point-the height is equal to or slightly higher than the bottom edge. The vertical flower axis tilts later, and the horizontal flower axis extends to the edge of the container at 180 °.

1. Stereotype (skeleton): similar to the triangle, the vertical flower axis is determined first, and the left and right lines are equal in length, but the total shoulder width should not be too long, generally 2cm 3 of the vertical axis, and the front short axis is the 1max 4 of the vertical axis, forming a 90 °profile with 4 flowers.

two。 Focus flower: the same triangle flower arrangement in the same position.

3. Filled flowers: after forming a T-shape, the rest of the flowers should be inserted within the outline.

Note:

1. Inverted T-shaped flowers should be concentrated near the focus as much as possible. Flowers and flowers should not be too close, there should be a sense of hierarchy.

two。 Vertical lines must remain vertical, horizontal lines must be horizontal or drooping, and should not be tilted upward.

(4) meniscus type (crescent type-unilateral view)

The crescent type is also known as the "meniscus" type, which is conceived by the shape of the natural phenomenon "meniscus". Therefore, when shaping, we need to pay attention to the flow of the lines, the crescent shape can change with the change of flowers. It has strong curvilinear beauty, but also has great ornamental value, the flower organ should not be too high, and the wide mouth is the most suitable. It is very suitable for round mirrors or discs on the back, and is widely used.  is wide in the middle of the tip, curved in shape, and longer on the left, accounting for 2 of the meniscus length. On the right is 1x3. The center of gravity is on the 2max 3 of the meniscus. The main branch is held upward in an arc in the container to form a crescent, with a light and soft composition. The main point of insertion-there is no limit to the height of the container, but it is not suitable for large-scale works.

1. Stereotyped: a curved and soft flower (linear or foliage) that is processed to make the outer outline of the meniscus. The lower bend line is the upper curve line 1Accord 2.

two。 Focus: at the center of gravity, at 1 stroke 4 of the upper curve. That is, 45 °- 60 °forward in the center of the floral organ. The lowest position, on the inside of the main focus flower, can also be inserted to subsidize the focus flower to increase the three-dimensional sense of the work.

3. Filler: fill along the outline.

Note:

1. The flowers are rich in curve and soft, and most of the stems walk along the arc and do not deviate from the flower pattern.

two。 The focus flower should not be turned upside down, it should be tilted forward by 45 degrees and 60 degrees and placed in the center of the container.

3. The upper and lower curve is as long as the bogey.

(v) Type S (unilateral view)

Also known as Hogarth pattern. It is the English painter Hogarth who developed from the ancient spiral. It is the same as the English letter "S", so it is called S-shaped. It is a soft and elegant flower pattern. The flower material with curve shape is better for S-shaped flower arrangement. Floral utensils are suitable to choose tall bottles; if placed on the table, wide flat pots can be used. As far as visual requirements are concerned, tall bottles with narrow waistlines have a better effect. If the end of "S" continues, it forms a double circle, or similar to the "8" shape, but the circle of the upper half must be larger than the lower half of the circle. The main branch takes the mouth of the container as the center to form the English letter S-shaped, which is actually a combination of left and right interlaced arcs. S-shaped lines are the most fluid lines, but also the most beautiful lines. It is a common composition form, such as artistic flower arrangement, wall decoration and so on. Insertion points-it is appropriate to use a tall container to avoid the same length of the upper and lower arcs, generally the upper arc is on the left, the lower arc is on the right, and can also be inserted into a backhand.

1. Stereotype: the upper and lower axes are not equal in length. Generally, the upper segment is 2max 3, the lower segment is 1max 3, or the upper part is short and the bottom is long.

two。 Focus: similar to the meniscus, the focus and auxiliary focus are inserted to show the depth of field.

3. Filling flowers: ditto.

Note:

1. Like the crescent, the upper curve is not as long as the lower bend.

two。 This pattern can also be placed flat on the table to make table flowers.

(6) Elliptic (tetrahedral)

This flower arrangement can be used as one of the representatives of European style. The oval interpolation method adopts the group interpolation method, which has lower requirements for structure and contrast, but emphasizes natural beauty, atmosphere and mystery. Classical vases and containers are the most suitable for this type. However, flower arrangement must pay attention to maintaining the sense of stability of the work. Oval flower arrangement is suitable for church decoration, altars, funerals or ceremonial occasions with large space. It is suitable to be placed on the dining table and conference table. Floral utensils are often used in shallow pots or plates. The appearance has a strong sense of level. The overlooking surface is oval. Main points of insertion-the vertical flower axis intersects the four horizontal flower axes at 90 °, the vertical flower axis is upright and does not tilt in any direction, and the horizontal flower axis is expanded at 180 °against the edge of the container. In general, the height of the finished work does not exceed 30cm, the length of the minor axis is less than 1 / 3 of the width of the desktop, and the major axis is generally 3 times that of the minor axis.

1. Stereotype: 5 branches fixed skeleton. Vertical floral axis not more than 30 cm, in central position of floral organ. The two short axes are smaller than the desktop 1max 3, and the major axis is 3 times that of the minor axis.

two。 Focus: the central position of the vertical flower axis is the focus position.

3. Filling flowers: fill the gap.

(7) Diamond (four-sided view)

Diamond flower arrangement is the most basic shape of flower arrangement on the table, which is simple and has a wide range of applications, so it has become the most basic compulsory course of western flower arrangement. Diamond interpolation is similar to horizontal, but emphasizes that "angle" is its characteristic. Because the flower organ will be completely covered by the flower, it is better to use a shorter one. The flat basin is one of the ideal flower utensils. This flower arrangement is suitable for the conference table, podium, coffee table and other flat and spacious positions.

(8) spherical and hemispherical (four-sided view)

The design uses the semicircle shape to form the shape, the key point of the flower arrangement is to match the color, pay attention to the harmony and the same color is not adjacent, the pattern surface should be smooth, can not be uneven, the flower apparatus to choose the low flat pot is the most suitable, the prominent hemisphere shows the plump feeling. The radiation is stretched around by the central point, and the outer contours form a circle or semicircle. Main point of insertion-due to the influence of illusion, the vertical flower axis should be higher than the diameter of the bottom edge of 1 stroke 2 to feel more like a hemisphere. The height and width are balanced from all directions.

1. Stereotype: the outline is usually defined by five or seven flowers.

two。 Focus flower: generally there can be no focus. You only need to pay attention to the vertical, horizontal and advanced length of the common flower type. When inserting according to the order from top to bottom, first insert the main flowers to highlight the center of gravity. It is best to insert all kinds of flowers symmetrically.

3. Filling flowers: properly insert filled flowers in and around the gap of the main flower.

Note: 1. The shape should be plump and smooth, the surface should not be uneven, and the leaf filling should not be higher than that of the main flower.

two。 The horizontal axis should be 180 degrees flat, or slightly downward, never upward.

(IX) radioactive type

Also known as fan-shaped, is an one-sided view of flowers. Fan design is the use of linear flowers, first set the skeleton, each branch is equal in length, imitating the ribs of the folding fan or similar semicircle to make the overall structure. Then use block flowers to add the beauty of the control. Fan bones should never be alternated with two different linear flowers, and different colors should not be used alternately, because it will create a very unnatural appearance. The flower apparatus used can be of any shape. Fan-shaped flower arrangement is suitable to be placed in columns, triangles, corners, etc., or in the lobby of the hotel.

Skeleton flowers: they must be linear flowers, and the background rays should be longer. The selection of skeleton flowers is consistent. Push it forward layer by layer. The length of the flower directly in front of it is about 1 / 4 of that of the skeleton flower.

Focus: located around the lower half of the centerline.

Fill: insert filling flowers and linings between the main flowers. In order to avoid planarization, flowers should be diffused to the front from the central point to form a three-dimensional fan with a certain thickness in the middle of the bottom.

The main points of insertion-the vertical axis and the horizontal axis constitute an equal radius semicircle. In actual insertion, the vertical axis should be longer than the horizontal axis, which makes it feel more like a fan in vision. The vertical flower axis is tilted back about 15 °to maintain balance, and the horizontal flower axis is spread out 180 °against the edge of the container.

(X) conical type

The shape is ornamental on all sides. The conical design is the same as the Egyptian pyramids in shape, except that it is round. In order to attract attention, its design is a little taller, and this prototype was first used in Middle Eastern culture, especially in the Byzantine era. the Turkish hat at that time was reminiscent of this special design. Cone shape from all directions, no matter which angle to watch, can show beauty and stability. When designing a cone from a low-footed container, the second branch is symmetrical with the third branch. And its length does not exceed the outer edge of the upper mouth of the container, and the container is fully matched into the whole of the design. Floral utensils usually use low-footed containers. The shape is a long pointed cone with a round bottom.

Insertion points-the shape should be thin and tall, and the vertical flower axis is not less than 3 times that of the horizontal flower axis. The vertical flower axis is upright, the horizontal flower axis is evenly arranged, and the connection between the vertex and the bottom edge is soft and clear. From the bottom to the top, the flowers are conical from long to short, and gradually plump. If the bottom is outlined by a triangle, the tower can be inserted.

Summary

I. on balance

The balance is divided into: 1. Symmetrical static balance. The static balance of symmetry can be divided into ① complete symmetry-it means that the types and colors of flowers are evenly distributed on both sides of the axis. ② is not completely symmetrical-refers to the centralized display of flowers of the same kind or the same color, so as to produce lively and vivid visual effects. two。 An asymmetrical balance. Through the number of flowers, length, size, weight, texture and color and other factors to achieve the balance effect.

Second, stability

Stability is one of the important measures of formal beauty. The lower the center of gravity is, the easier it is to have a sense of stability. Therefore, in the flower arrangement works, there are so-called light and heavy, scattered and gathered, shallow and deep, small and big, and so on.

Third, tips for western flower arrangement

A, colors should be reconciled and coordinated, and the same or the same series of colors can be selected to achieve the effect of mutual connection and supplement.

B, the composition should take into account the overall balance, symmetrical balance and asymmetric balance. 

C, the layout should be uniform, primary and secondary, so that viewers can easily understand the intention of the creator. 

D, repetitive and symmetrical structure is a feature of Western flower arrangement, and more efforts should be made in this regard when arranging flowers. 

E, the species of flowers should not be too many, and the combination should not be too dense. If you lose the space, you will lose the level, which will affect the aesthetic feeling of the work.

F, the work must have a clear center of gravity. 

G, large floral organs are easier to give people the feeling of stability and firmness. 

H, too thick flowers, often lose beautiful lines, it is difficult to use as a line of insertion.