Modeling Technology, Propagation and maintenance methods of Winter Red Fruit Bonsai

Donghongguo likes a sunny, cool and dry environment, resistant to cold, afraid of damp and hot, suitable for growing in sandy soil rich in humus, loose and fertile, and well drained. The following is to introduce the modeling techniques of bonsai cultivation of winter red fruit:

1. Reproduction of winter red fruit

The seedlings of apple, bauhinia or begonia can be selected as rootstocks, and the full buds slightly above the middle can be used as scions for bud grafting from early August to late September, or branch grafting can be carried out from March to April in the next year. The grafting site should not be high, generally 4~6cm from the ground. Cut the rootstock and wipe it in time in the spring of the following year after grafting to strengthen the nursery management and promote the vigorous growth of scion. Leave pile 6~10cm during winter shearing, increase plant spacing or replant in the coming year, cultivate lateral branches according to modeling design, and complete basic modeling. At this time, the time of bonsai should be decided according to the direction of bonsai cultivation. If miniature or small bonsai is cultivated, it can be boiled earlier, and if it is rapidly cultivated into medium and large bonsai, the life of bonsai should be postponed, and dwarfing control and modeling training should be carried out in the field.

2 styling design and cultivation of winter red fruit

The branches of winter red fruit are soft and can be bent and tied into many shapes, so they can be designed freely according to the author's aesthetic taste. different shapes of winter red fruit bonsai have their own modeling characteristics and artistic effects.

2.1 oblique dry type

The trunk is tilted to one side, generally slightly curved, the branches spread flat outside the basin, the tree posture is stretched, sparse and oblique, elegant and chic, quite picturesque; the whole shape appears dangerous and stable, vivid and vivid, reflecting the unified artistic effect of the balance of dynamic and static changes in the tree potential.

2.2 qu dry type

The trunk of the stump bends upward, resulting in variation, just like a wandering dragon, which bends the trunk and twigs with twigs.

2.3 horizontal dry type

The trunk of the stump is oblique, recumbent or reclining on the basin surface, such as the potential of Wolong, the crown branches are proudly upward, like lightning or strong wind, vibrant, tree posture old and elegant, such as fallen wood Fengchun, Jiaolong, crouching tiger, drunken Weng sobering potential, full of wild interest.

2.4 Cliff style

The trunk bends and falls to the outside of the basin to a large extent from the base, such as the upside-down trees growing on the cliffs, like torrents, dragons exploring the sea, and like waterfalls pouring down, vigorous and unrestrained, with a unique artistic effect.

2.5 Stone attachment

The root of the tree grows on the stone, and then goes deep into the soil along the crack, or the whole root grows in the cave, just like an old tree growing on the rock, with the potential of "dragon claws grabbing stone", elegant and picturesque.

2.6 jungle style

More than 2 plants are planted together, sparse and dense, with suitable collocation, with the artistic conception of "living and swimming", which vaguely seems to have a "desolate path" to increase its depth, perspective and profound meaning of artistic conception.

2.7 Direct dry type

The trunk is straight and upright, the crown is dignified, the level is clear, the fruit is evenly distributed, mostly single stem, there is a sense of majestic standing.

In order to cultivate the bonsai of winter red fruit, it is necessary to use systematic standard cultivation techniques for long-term continuous operation of winter red fruit. Under the premise of ensuring fertilizer and water supply and pest control, timely pruning and directional shaping every year is the main modeling technology for cultivating winter red fruit bonsai, which plays an important role in cultivating tree shape, controlling tree crown, strengthening tree potential, promoting flower formation, adjusting flower bud quantity and protecting flowers and fruits.

3 maintenance and management technology of winter red fruit

3.1 Flower and fruit management

Donghong fruit is a cross-pollinated fruit tree. when it blossoms in spring, it must be pollinated with different varieties of pollen in order to bear fruit. Generally speaking, it is possible to use pollen from begonia or apple trees. The fruiting ability of winter red fruit.

The above is for everyone to introduce the winter red fruit bonsai cultivation modeling technology, I hope it can bring help to you.

Modeling design and maintenance management of winter red fruit bonsai winter red fruit, also known as longevity fruit, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of the genus Rosaceae, with grayish brown branches, alternate leaves, leaves oval to widely oval, green, with obtuse serrated edges. Corymbose inflorescences with light pink flowers blooming from March to April. The fruit is oval, green at first, then yellow gradually, bright red after maturity, single fruit weighs 10-20g, smooth skin, bright color, crystal small, long viewing period, fruitful fruit of the whole plant, not falling through winter, and easy to shape. It is an excellent plant material for making bonsai of fruit trees. Donghongguo likes a sunny, cool and dry environment, resistant to cold, afraid of damp and hot, suitable for growing in sandy soil rich in humus, loose and fertile, and well drained. The main results are as follows: 1 for the propagation of winter red fruit, the seedlings of apple, bauhinia or begonia can be selected as rootstocks, and the full buds above the middle can be used as scions for bud grafting from early August to late September, or branch grafting can be carried out from March to April in the next year. The grafting site should not be high, generally 4~6cm from the ground. Cut the rootstock and wipe it in time in the spring of the following year after grafting to strengthen the nursery management and promote the vigorous growth of scion. Leave pile 6~10cm during winter shearing, increase plant spacing or replant in the coming year, cultivate lateral branches according to modeling design, and complete basic modeling. At this time, the time of bonsai should be decided according to the direction of bonsai cultivation. If miniature or small bonsai is cultivated, it can be boiled earlier, and if it is rapidly cultivated into medium and large bonsai, the life of bonsai should be postponed, and dwarfing control and modeling training should be carried out in the field. (2) the styling design and cultivation of winter red fruit branches are soft and can be bent and tied into many shapes, so they can be designed freely according to the author's aesthetic taste, and different shapes of winter red fruit bonsai have their own modeling characteristics and artistic effects. The oblique trunk is tilted to one side, generally slightly curved, the branches spread out of the basin, the tree posture is stretched, the shadow is horizontal, elegant and chic, quite picturesque; the whole shape appears dangerous and stable, vivid and vivid, reflecting the unified artistic effect of the balance of dynamic and static changes in the tree potential. The trunk of the dry stump is curved upward, resulting in a variation, just like a wandering dragon, which makes the trunk curved and the twigs twisted. The trunk of the horizontal stem stump is oblique, recumbent or reclining on the basin surface, such as the potential of Wolong, the crown branches are proudly upward, like lightning or the wind blowing, vibrant, tree posture old and elegant, such as inverted wood Fengchun, Jiaolong, crouching tiger in the air, drunken Weng sober up, full of wild interest. The cliff trunk bends and falls to the outside of the basin to a large extent from the base, such as the upside-down trees growing on the cliffs, like torrents, dragons exploring the sea, and like waterfalls pouring down, vigorous and unrestrained, with a unique artistic effect. Stone-attached roots grow on the stone, and then go deep into the soil along the stone crevice, or the whole root grows in the cave, just like an old tree growing on the rock, with the potential of "dragon claws grabbing stone", as elegant as a picture. More than 2 trees in the jungle type are planted together, with suitable collocation, and a mood of "living and swimming", which vaguely seems to have a "desolate path", in order to increase its depth, perspective and profound meaning of artistic conception. The straight trunk is straight and upright, the crown is dignified, the hierarchy is clear, and the fruit is evenly distributed, mostly alone, with a sense of majestic standing. In order to cultivate the bonsai of winter red fruit, it is necessary to use systematic standard cultivation techniques for long-term continuous operation of winter red fruit. Under the premise of ensuring fertilizer and water supply and pest control, timely pruning and directional shaping every year is the main modeling technology for cultivating winter red fruit bonsai, which plays an important role in cultivating tree shape, controlling tree crown, strengthening tree potential, promoting flower formation, adjusting flower bud quantity and protecting flowers and fruits. 3 maintenance and management technology of winter red fruit Flower and fruit management the fruit trees in which the winter red fruit is cross-pollinated must be pollinated with different varieties of pollen in spring in order to bear fruit. Generally speaking, it is possible to use pollen from begonia or apple trees. The fruiting ability of winter red fruit is very strong, and there is a contradiction between the amount of fruit and the nutrient storage of the tree, so the flowers and fruits on the tree must be selected and retained reasonably every year. Generally, during the flowering and young fruit period, it should be sparse evenly up and down according to the crown, less rather than more. After thinning flowers and fruits, the fruit will not only increase, but also be full of flowers and fruits every year. Plastic pruning when bonsai is initially cultivated, pruning is the key link to stabilize the shape of the tree, control the height of the crown, and achieve full flowers and fruits. Pruning during the growing period. In spring, the sprouts of non-directional culture were wiped out in time, and the buds of directional culture were supplied with concentrated nutrition. Pruning measures such as ring cutting (carving), branch pulling and twisting were mainly adopted to promote the transformation of tree nutrition accumulation to flower buds. When the new shoots grow above 20cm in summer, coring can be carried out many times to control exuberant growth, achieve a stable tree shape, and promote the formation of flower buds in the middle and lower parts of new branches. Dormant pruning. Winter red fruit enters the dormant period after falling leaves, which is the best time for shaping and pruning. Under the premise of a stable tree shape, the branches with axillary flower buds on all levels of lateral branches are truncated, and the length left by the truncation is generally in 5~l0cm, pay attention to the short cut of flower buds, retain the medium and short fruit branches, very short branches and leaf clumps, and remove the dense branches, thin and weak branches, diseased branches, cross branches and long branches; and light cut the branches with strong growth potential, up to the weak buds, or slowly put, you can also pull the branches to open angle. Branches that are not sure of flower buds can be re-pruned before flowering, remember not to overprune, otherwise it will cause fruit trees to flourish and it will be difficult to blossom and bear fruit. The tree after winter pruning requires uniform distribution of branches and flower buds, reasonable space, combination of deficiency and reality, and balance of tree potential. The management of soil, fertilizer and water requires that the basin soil should be updated every two years, and the basin soil ratio can be mixed with rotten leaf soil and garden soil, coarse sand 20%, and mature animal manure 10% as base fertilizer. When inverting the basin and changing the soil, first use the bamboo piece to turn 1 circle along the inner wall, then turn the basin upside down, hold the soil mass in one hand, and pour it out along the drain outlet with the other. Then use a sharp blade to cut off about 1% of the old soil and roots around the clod, then re-pot it and water it thoroughly. In the use of fertilizer, it is necessary to grasp the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer. To give full play to the efficacy of fertilizer, we must pay attention to the selection of fertilizer, pay attention to the coordination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, a large number of elements and trace elements. Fertilization methods pay attention to the combination of soil topdressing and foliar spraying. If more nitrogen fertilizer is applied before flowering, the mature cake can be irrigated for 5 times and 6 times with an interval of about 10 days. After the first ten days of June, winter red fruit enters the flower bud differentiation stage, it is necessary to control nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation, and cooperate with foliar fertilizer if necessary. During July and September, the application of fertilizer with excessive nitrogen content should be strictly controlled or even stopped to prevent a large number of autumn shoots. Watering should grasp the principle of "dry and wet", that is, the basin soil is slightly dry and then watered, watering must be thoroughly watered. However, in the critical period of flower bud differentiation (when it entered the period of physiological differentiation in June), the bonsai of Donghong fruit was treated with drought for a period of time, that is, it was watered again every time when the top of the new shoot wilted, so as to control watering for 6 times. Drought treatment makes potted trees in a state of water stress, which can strongly inhibit the vegetative growth of new shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. Winter management fruits, winter does not fall winter bonsai has ornamental value, therefore, it is necessary to prevent or reduce fruit drop in order to improve its ornamental value. The method of spraying naphthalene acetic acid or gibberellin can be used to prevent or reduce fruit drop, improve fruit hanging ability and prolong fruit hanging period. Generally, the fruit was sprayed for the first time when the fruit turned red (in the middle of September), and then every 15 days for three times in a row, and the spraying concentration increased from the first 30mg/L to 50mg/L. After Frosts Descent, the winter red fruit should be moved into the cold room or bedroom, requiring the environment to be relatively dry and the temperature controlled at 0: 12 ℃. If placed in a high-temperature and humid environment, the fruit is easy to mildew and rot. After overwintering, before the flower buds begin to expand and germinate, the winter red fruit should be moved to the outdoor to come into contact with the natural temperature, so that the development of the flower bud is synchronized with the natural fruit trees, and it is easy to pollinate the flowers of the natural fruit trees to ensure the fruit setting of the winter red fruit pot trees. Bonsai cultivation techniques of winter red fruit, also known as longevity fruit, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of the genus Malus in Rosaceae, with grayish brown branches, alternate leaves, oval to widely oval, green, with round and obtuse serrated edges. Corymbose inflorescences with light pink flowers blooming from March to April. The fruit is oval, green at first, then yellow gradually, bright red after maturity, single fruit weighs 10-20g, smooth skin, bright color, crystal small, long viewing period, fruitful fruit of the whole plant, not falling through winter, and easy to shape. It is an excellent plant material for making bonsai of fruit trees. Donghongguo likes a sunny, cool and dry environment, resistant to cold, afraid of damp and hot, suitable for growing in sandy soil rich in humus, loose and fertile, and well drained. The main results are as follows: 1 for the propagation of winter red fruit, the seedlings of apple, bauhinia or begonia can be selected as rootstocks, and the full buds above the middle can be used as scions for bud grafting from early August to late September, or branch grafting can be carried out from March to April in the next year. The grafting site should not be high, generally 4~6cm from the ground. Cut the rootstock and wipe it in time in the spring of the following year after grafting to strengthen the nursery management and promote the vigorous growth of scion. Leave pile 6~10cm during winter shearing, increase plant spacing or replant in the coming year, cultivate lateral branches according to modeling design, and complete basic modeling. At this time, the time of bonsai should be decided according to the direction of bonsai cultivation. If miniature or small bonsai is cultivated, it can be boiled earlier, and if it is rapidly cultivated into medium and large bonsai, the life of bonsai should be postponed, and dwarfing control and modeling training should be carried out in the field. (2) the styling design and cultivation of winter red fruit branches are soft and can be bent and tied into many shapes, so they can be designed freely according to the author's aesthetic taste, and different shapes of winter red fruit bonsai have their own modeling characteristics and artistic effects. 2.1 oblique trunk tilted to one side, generally slightly curved, branches spread out of the basin, tree posture stretched, sparse shadow horizontal oblique, elegant chic, quite picturesque; the whole shape appears dangerous and stable, vivid and vivid, reflecting the unified artistic effect of the balance of dynamic and static changes of tree potential. 2.2 the trunk of the dry stump is curved upward, resulting in variation, just like a wandering dragon, which bends the trunk and twigs with twigs. 2.3 the trunk of the horizontal stem stump is oblique, recumbent or reclining on the basin surface, such as the potential of Wolong, the crown branches are proudly upward, like lightning or a strong wind, vibrant, tree posture old and elegant, such as fallen wood Fengchun, Jiaolong, crouching tiger in the air, drunken Weng sober up, full of wild interest. 2.4 the cliff trunk bends and falls to the outside of the basin to a large extent from the base, such as the upside-down trees growing on the cliffs, like torrents, dragons exploring the sea, and also like waterfalls pouring down, vigorous and unrestrained, with a unique artistic effect. 2.5 the stone-attached roots grow on the stone, and then go deep into the soil along the cracks in the stone, or the whole root grows in the cave, just like an old tree growing on the rock, with the potential of "dragon claws grabbing the stone", as elegant as a picture. 2.6 in the forest type, more than 2 plants are planted together, with a suitable collocation, and a mood of "living and swimming", which vaguely seems to have a "desolate path" to increase its depth, perspective and profound meaning of artistic conception. 2.7 straight trunk erect, the crown is dignified, hierarchical, fruit distribution is uniform, mostly single stem, there is a sense of majestic standing. In order to cultivate the bonsai of winter red fruit, it is necessary to use systematic standard cultivation techniques for long-term continuous operation of winter red fruit. Under the premise of ensuring fertilizer and water supply and pest control, timely pruning and directional shaping every year is the main modeling technology for cultivating winter red fruit bonsai, which plays an important role in cultivating tree shape, controlling tree crown, strengthening tree potential, promoting flower formation, adjusting flower bud quantity and protecting flowers and fruits. 3 Conservation and management technology of winter red fruit 3.1 Flower and fruit management the fruit trees whose winter red fruit is cross-pollinated must be pollinated with different varieties of pollen in spring in order to bear fruit. Generally speaking, it is possible to use pollen from begonia or apple trees. The fruiting ability of winter red fruit is very strong, and there is a contradiction between the amount of fruit and the nutrient storage of the tree, so the flowers and fruits on the tree must be selected and retained reasonably every year. Generally, during the flowering and young fruit period, it should be sparse evenly up and down according to the crown, less rather than more. After thinning flowers and fruits, the fruit will not only increase, but also be full of flowers and fruits every year. 3.2 plastic pruning after the initial cultivation of bonsai, pruning is the key link to stabilize the shape of the tree, control the height of the crown, and achieve full flowers and fruits. 3.2.1 pruning during the growing period. In spring, the sprouts of non-directional culture were wiped out in time, and the buds of directional culture were supplied with concentrated nutrition. Pruning measures such as ring cutting (carving), branch pulling and twisting were mainly adopted to promote the transformation of tree nutrition accumulation to flower buds. When the new shoots grow above 20cm in summer, coring can be carried out many times to control exuberant growth, achieve a stable tree shape, and promote the formation of flower buds in the middle and lower parts of new branches. 3.2.2 pruning during dormancy. Winter red fruit enters the dormant period after falling leaves, which is the best time for shaping and pruning. Under the premise of a stable tree shape, the branches with axillary flower buds on all levels of lateral branches are truncated, and the length left by the truncation is generally in 5~l0cm, pay attention to the short cut of flower buds, retain the medium and short fruit branches, very short branches and leaf clumps, and remove the dense branches, thin and weak branches, diseased branches, cross branches and long branches; and light cut the branches with strong growth potential, up to the weak buds, or slowly put, you can also pull the branches to open angle. Branches that are not sure of flower buds can be re-pruned before flowering, remember not to overprune, otherwise it will cause fruit trees to flourish and it will be difficult to blossom and bear fruit. The tree after winter pruning requires uniform distribution of branches and flower buds, reasonable space, combination of deficiency and reality, and balance of tree potential. 3.3 soil, fertilizer and water management requires that the basin soil be updated every two years. The basin soil ratio can be mixed with rotten leaf soil and garden soil each accounting for 35%, coarse sand 20%, and mature animal manure 10% as base fertilizer. When inverting the basin and changing the soil, first use the bamboo piece to turn 1 circle along the inner wall, then turn the basin upside down, hold the soil mass in one hand, and pour it out along the drain outlet with the other. Then use a sharp blade to cut off about 1% of the old soil and roots around the clod, then re-pot it and water it thoroughly. In the use of fertilizer, it is necessary to grasp the principle of frequent application of thin fertilizer. To give full play to the efficacy of fertilizer, we must pay attention to the selection of fertilizer, pay attention to the coordination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, a large number of elements and trace elements. Fertilization methods pay attention to the combination of soil topdressing and foliar spraying. If more nitrogen fertilizer is applied before flowering, the mature cake can be irrigated for 5 times and 6 times with an interval of about 10 days. After the first ten days of June, winter red fruit enters the flower bud differentiation stage, it is necessary to control nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation, and cooperate with foliar fertilizer if necessary. During July and September, the application of fertilizer with excessive nitrogen content should be strictly controlled or even stopped to prevent a large number of autumn shoots. Watering should grasp the principle of "dry and wet", that is, the basin soil is slightly dry and then watered, watering must be thoroughly watered. However, in the critical period of flower bud differentiation (when it entered the period of physiological differentiation in June), the bonsai of Donghong fruit was treated with drought for a period of time, that is, it was watered again every time when the top of the new shoot wilted, so as to control watering for 6 times. Drought treatment makes potted trees in a state of water stress, which can strongly inhibit the vegetative growth of new shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. 3.4 the winter management fruit is numerous, and the winter red fruit bonsai which does not fall in winter has the ornamental value. therefore, it is necessary to prevent or reduce the fruit drop in order to improve its ornamental value. The method of spraying naphthalene acetic acid or gibberellin can be used to prevent or reduce fruit drop, improve fruit hanging ability and prolong fruit hanging period. Generally, the fruit was sprayed for the first time when the fruit turned red (mid-September), and then every 15 days for three times in a row, and the spraying concentration increased from 30mg/L to 50mg/L one by one. After Frosts Descent, the winter red fruit should be moved into the cold room or bedroom, requiring the environment to be relatively dry and the temperature controlled at 0: 12 ℃. If placed in a high-temperature and humid environment, the fruit is easy to mildew and rot. After overwintering, before the flower buds begin to expand and germinate, the winter red fruit should be moved to the outdoor to come into contact with the natural temperature, so that the development of the flower bud is synchronized with the natural fruit trees, and it is easy to pollinate the flowers of the natural fruit trees to ensure the fruit setting of the winter red fruit pot trees.