Nine methods of bonsai modeling

There are many kinds of trees in nature, but there are certain rules to follow. In order to artistically reproduce the charm of all kinds of trees in nature, bonsai artists summarize a variety of different forms of bonsai modeling with reference to the forms of ancient trees in nature, and produce bonsai works of art that are "derived from nature and higher than nature".

1. Pry skin method

Even in the peak growing season, use a sharp knife to pierce into the cambium of the trunk cortex, and then pry a few times to temporarily separate the bark from the xylem, or insert stones of appropriate size into the bark pried open, and then wrap it with brown bark. After the wound heals, the trunk expands locally, showing a dragon bell state.

two。 Tearing method

That is, the branches that need to be thinned are torn off with hands instead of scissors, together with bark and part of the xylem, so that the trees expose a wooden groove, which seems to form naturally after the wound heals, giving people the impression of being quaint, old and old.

3. Stick bending method

Is to the appropriate thickness of wooden sticks, bamboo poles, iron bars, hard plastic pipes, iron pipes and other sticks as the support, according to the modeling design, the trunk of the young tree is wound on the support to make it bend and take shape. According to the shape and bending degree of the trunk required by the styling design, one, two or even three sticks can be skillfully combined. Due to the fast heat transfer of the iron pipe, it is disadvantageous to the growth of the tree trunk, so it can be insulated by winding cloth sheet, hemp skin and other things on the surface of the iron pipe. The bonsai bent by this method are all 2-3-year-old young trees, and those with long age and hard trunk should not be used. After bending, tie it firmly with a rope, and trim the branches and leaves during maintenance. After 1-2 years of binding, the stick was removed and slightly processed to become a curved natural and graceful sweet-scented osmanthus bonsai.

4. Pimple method

Using this method of modeling, young trees with soft branches are generally selected to tie a knot or nest in a 360-degree circle where the trunk is not unearthed, and after several years of cultivation (simultaneous root lifting), pruning and processing, it can become a beautiful and chic bonsai.

5. Peeling method

It is in the middle and lower part of the trunk of the sweet-scented osmanthus bonsai that a piece of bark is removed vertically and irregularly, exposing xylem. After the wound is healed and scarred, the trunk looks old and beautiful.

6. Cutting and drying method

It is in the bonsai viewing surface, the middle and lower part of the trunk, first remove a piece of bark, and then use a knife or small chisel to remove about 1/3 of the xylem, scarring and exposing concave xylem to show the ancient peculiarities of bonsai. However, the trunk should not be cut too deep, and the deepest should not exceed 1/2 of the trunk diameter, nor should it be too much. Generally, a bonsai should be cut in 1-2 places, otherwise it will affect the growth of bonsai and be suspected of being riddled with holes.

7. Broken branch method

The method of folding branches can be divided into two kinds: leaving marks on folded branches and constantly folding.

The main results are as follows: (1) the method of folding branches and leaving marks. It is in the part where the branch of the tree is about to be broken, first saw a ditch with a saw, which is about half the diameter of the branch, and then tear off the skin and xylem together. After the wound heals, it looks like a natural growth and beautiful shape.

(2) break and continue to do so. That is, the branch to be broken is first wound with wire, and then half of the branch is broken (broken but not broken, and the branch is still alive). The angle and position of the broken branches are determined according to the needs of the modeling. Generally speaking, only one or two branches of a bonsai are broken, and the curve of the broken branches is stiff and vigorous, which is unique.

8. Vertical bark cutting method

Some bonsai trunks are smooth and unaged, and can be cut vertically several times in spring, reaching to the xylem. After the wound heals, the bark becomes rough and old.

9. Split drying method

Is to split the trunk vertically. According to the different modeling requirements, the operation method is divided into two kinds: one is to divide the root and trunk into two, but the crown is not separated, that is to say, it is still a plant; the other is to divide the root, trunk and crown into two plants and carefully maintain them to make two pieces of sweet-scented osmanthus bonsai.

The chopping method should select the plants with strong vitality and carry out before sprouting in spring.

Illustrations of bonsai skills and skills

Illustrations of bonsai skills and skills

"Bonsai skill formula" branch without inch straight, one inch three bends. A sparse place can walk a horse, but a secret place is not ventilated. One branch sees twists and turns, two branches are long and short, three branches are gathered and scattered, and many branches are exposed and hidden. The straight position should be hidden, not exposed, and the straight position should not be hidden. The plum blossom bonsai would rather be bent than bent, oblique rather than straight. Bonsai is silent poetry, three-dimensional painting, living sculpture. On the day of success, the achievement will take ten years! If you are not afraid of cutting the wrong branches, you are afraid of standing in the wrong position. Accumulate skills and cut off dry. Zhangshan, ruler tree, inch horse, divide people. There are no trees in the distant mountains, near the big and the small. The creation is shaped by a wonderful painter, and the terrain is far away. Jiaolong haunts 30,000 hectares, cloud and rain across twelve peaks. Clearing one's seat makes people free from vulgarity, and there is a breeze when they are at leisure. In the rustling night when the mountains fall into the water, they go strong and stay weak in a leaf of drunken dreams; go rough and stay thin. The trial should be accurate, and the cut should be ruthless. Rugao bonsai, looking left and right at two and a half bends, cloud head and rain feet beautiful waist. If it is not dry or watered, it will be thoroughly watered. See dry see wet; thin fertilizer frequently applied; Jingshu rootless like wood pavilion view tip, bonsai view foot. Put ectopic buds on in spring and cut strong and weak branches in summer; topdressing in autumn and pruning branches in winter. Miscellaneous wood bonsai management song disease and insect pests should be prevented early. Winter is the right time. Clear the fallen leaves in time. Destroy the overwintering eggs. Spray stone sulfur agent; the spring tree is safe and sound. Pruning five to go and five to stay, to stay far and near, to stay big and small. Go straight to stay, go to the middle, stay at the edge, go high and stay low. Miscellaneous wood bonsai daily management song spring watering should be in the morning, strengthen the light to prevent overgrowth. Increase the application of "phosphorus and potassium" organic fertilizer, strong branches and leaves, thick nodes and short diameter. It's best to stay out of the sun in summer. Prevent the leaves from dying and scorching early. The temperature drops as soon as it gets fat. Hot bonsai is a special demon. Autumn west wind leaves yellow, buckle water to lose weight should, the plant body transfer mechanism; diligently check and adjust the tree can be safe. Cold protection in winter is the main thing. High placement is the first priority. Indoor winter light; fully dormant bonsai is good. Bonsai flower fertilization has a set of essentials, "four more" thin and more application, more application before germination, more application during the bud period, and more application after flowering. The "four little" is fat and strong and less applied, sprouting less, flowering less, and the rainy season less; "four nots" grow but do not apply, newly planted do not apply, summer does not apply, dormancy does not apply. Lingnan bonsai: strip for brocade, one exhibition for three changes, spring buds and autumn leaves, summer and winter long and short, long inside and short outside. There are thousands of flowers in sight, but there are only two or three branches in appreciation. Pot tree four conditions: root dew, stem thick, branch dense, leaf fine pot tree four people: yellow poplar, canary, Yingchun, velvet needle cypress. Seven sages of potted trees: Huangshan pine, tasseled cypress, elm, maple, holly, ginkgo, sparrow plum. Potted tree Rocks of Eighteen Scholars: plum, peach, tiger thorn, Jiqing (winter coral), Chinese wolfberry, rhododendron, cypress, papaya, wax plum, southern bamboo, camellia, Luohan pine, Xifu Begonia, Phoenix tail bamboo, crape myrtle, pomegranate, June snow, gardenia. Lingnan bonsai "branch storage and truncation method" Su-style bonsai "six sets, three supports and one roof" plastic method Yangzhou bonsai "one-inch, three-bend cloud-style" Shanghai-style bonsai "cut and apply" Zhejiang "high dry" Zhejiang style Anhui "twist" Anhui "screen" Sichuan "vermis" Sichuan "air root" Lingnan bonsai branches warped up like deer antlers, drooping like chicken feet Redundant cut to stay thin, one branch and one leaf always close the feelings. The tree trunk stands upright with its left and right arms hanging horizontally; the tree shape is vigorous and the crown is beautiful and dense. Yangpai bonsai pile must be ancient, the piece must be flat, the technique uses "inch knot inch curved chicken claw wing", the main branch is like chicken wing, the branch is like chicken foot. Production points: one root, two Dayton Festival, three bends, four films, five ends. Su sent bonsai techniques: rough tie and fine cut, mainly cut, supplemented by tie. Shanghai-style bonsai techniques attach equal importance to pruning and cutting, fine pruning and cutting. Wild pile excavation: deciduous trees are dormant before they sprout after falling leaves; evergreen trees can be year-round, preferably in the spring and rainy season, the key is to have complete roots.

The application of traditional techniques of Chinese painting in bonsai techniques is intended to be written first. Thousands of mountains are all painted, only one peak is green. There is a mountain, and an inch of stone is in love. -the peak is too China thousand fathom,-the spoon is thousands of miles. There is no need for the elegance of the house to be big, and the fragrance of the flowers is not much. The golden section method. If you close it, you will connect with the whole body, and if you take it apart, you will have appearance one by one. The principle of unequal triangle composition. The application of traditional techniques of Chinese painting in bonsai techniques there are waves in the process of painting only the baby but not the water. The light of the torch is clear all over. The guest follows the main line. It's a foil. In fact, it is empty, and if it is false, it is real. The form is broken and the meaning is connected, and the trace is broken. The dragon sees the first but not the end. If the mountain wants to be high, it is not as high as it can be. The haze locks its waist, then it is high. Look at its potential in the distance and its quality in the near future. Close view has dew, dew is its quality; overlooking Tibet, Tibet is intended to appear. The more the scene is hidden, the bigger the realm is. Skillfully and clumsily use each other with both thickness and thickness. The application of traditional techniques of Chinese painting in bonsai techniques the body of the mountain, the stone as the bone, the tree as the coat, the grass as the hair, the water as the blood, the temple, the forest and the bridge as the decoration. Ishimoto is stubborn, and if a tree lives, it will work. Trees should not be multiplied, but the beauty of the mountains should be seen. Zhangshan foot tree inch Madou people bonsai root, stem, branch pruning sixteen taboo root taboo: back root, piece root, reverse root. Dry taboo: s dry, reverse dry, seize the backbone. Branch taboo: sheet branch, parallel branch, medial branch, cut stem branch, cross branch, super long branch, wheel branch, opposite branch, frog leg branch, reverse branch. The near should be delicate, the far should be summarized; the lower should be clear, the upper should be vague; the near tree should be big, the distant tree should be small Zhangshan foot tree, and the inch Madou man. Distant people have no eyes, distant trees have no branches, distant mountains have no stones, and they are as faint as eyebrows. The bird singing mountain is quieter, and the cicada's voice is quieter. Seek quiet by noise, dynamic and static phase contrast, balanced and appropriate. There is a clear distinction between the host and the guest, and we look forward to being affectionate. Seek simplicity in complexity. How can the mountain of thousands of miles be strange, and the water of thousands of miles cannot show the reality of each other. There is emptiness in reality and reality in emptiness. There is sparse in density, and there is density in sparse. Those who are exposed are real, those who are hidden are virtual, and if they are hidden and exposed, they are born between reality and reality. Plain and strange, rigid and soft. Leak, penetrate, thin, wrinkle. One corner, two turns, three out, four back to the top of the five towns. It is better to be empty than solid, if it is more than 5x10, it is more bloated and congested, and if you do less than 3x10, it will be loose and monotonous. This scale applies to the front, side and top views of bonsai. The layout of bonsai should be four-square and stable. The ancients said, "the mountain is three far away: from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain is called high and far, from the front of the mountain to the back of the mountain is called far-reaching, and from near to the mountain and looking at the distant mountain is called Pingyuan." The potential of being aloof is abrupt, the meaning of being far-reaching is overlapping, and the meaning of being far-reaching is blunt and ethereal. The twelve principles of bonsai modeling are intended to be written first. Learn from the law and create nature. Styling according to the situation. Combination of movement and stillness. Use both complex and simple. Look at the big by the small. Yin and yang turn back. There is a clear distinction between priorities. The proportion is in harmony. Looking forward to echoing. Change is unified. It has both form and spirit. The ingenious use of the title is the finishing touch. "the words are blunt, the meaning is shallow and boring". Bonsai composition of ten styles-ancient: mostly tree stump bonsai. Based on pine, cypress, elm, etc., mainly pine, there is a saying that "no pine is not ancient", shaping the image of ancient vitality. -- elegance: the material is mainly orchid, and "no orchid" forms a quiet and elegant, simple atmosphere. -- Qing: evergreen plants based on bamboo, mainly bamboo, "no bamboo is not clear", forming a beautiful and lively landscape. -- pretty: mostly for viewing bonsai, mainly plum, "no plum is not beautiful", forming a wonderful and colorful beauty. -A jungle canyon, such as "Qingcheng is secluded in the world". -risk: it is also a mountain and stone bonsai, but to create the potential of cliffs and steep cliffs. -- Strange: the bonsai of mountains and rocks dominated by odd-shaped stones form a landscape such as "the wonder of the world in Huangshan". Kuang: most of them are water and stone bonsai, which make up the seaside scenery and make people relaxed and happy. Show: it is also a landscape bonsai, with mountains, water, flowers and trees, such as: Emei World Show "beautiful scenery." Five views on watering tree stump bonsai: first, planting pot; second, culture soil; third, plant leaves; fourth, growing season; fifth, climate. One scene, two pots, three brackets, deep pot, high soil, cylinder sand, flushing and flat planting in deep pot. Keep alive in one year, grow roots in two years, and raise trees in three years. The artistic expression techniques of bonsai production are primary and secondary, virtual and real, proper density, dynamic and static contrast, hiding in the dew, combining strength and softness, withered and honorable contrast, both form and spirit, skillful and clumsy mutual use, contrastive changes, strange in the middle of the plane, unlikeness, unity of opposites and so on. The first form of bonsai modeling. Straight dry type (single stem towering type, single dry sturdy type, single dry robust type, double dry towering type, double dry robust type, towering jungle type, robust jungle type); 2. Oblique dry type (oblique type, horizontal type, straight type, oblique dry jungle type); three. Straight oblique dry type (short and strong double dry straight oblique type, high floating double dry straight oblique type, robust double dry straight oblique type); four. Curved stem type (straight curved type, oblique type, whirling type, hyperbolic type, curved dry jungle type); five. Horizontal type (horizontal type, curved horizontal type); six. Cliff type (full suspension type, semi-suspension type, semi-suspension type); seven. Water-facing type (single-trunk water-facing type, double-dry water-facing type); eight. Upside down hanging type (single stem upside down hanging type, double dry upside down hanging type); nine. Water-drought type (semi-water-drought type, all-water-drought type); ten. Rockery jungle type (Fengling jungle type, hilly jungle type, cliff jungle type); ten-wind type (single dry wind type, double dry wind type, jungle wind type); twelve. Bridge type (single tree bridge type, double tree bridge type, jungle bridge type); thirteen. Rotten dry type (cave type, axe split type); fourteen. Withered type "withered tip type, withered branch type, withered dry type (Shili dry)"; 15. Strange type (pimple hole type, ganoderma lucidum type). The beauty of artistic conception is the highest realm of bonsai art, there is emotion in the scene, there is scenery in love, and the scene is blended; the most important thing is to seek its charm. Pine is tall and short, straight, expensive to beg its strength; cypress to be strange and prosperous, expensive to beg its clumsiness; hanging trees to beg its tenderness, hanging trees to beg its dangerous and strange, flowers and trees to beg for their beauty, fruit trees for their abundance, spring trees for their vitality, summer trees for their luxuriance, autumn trees for their red leaves, winter trees for their cold posture. Only when a tree knows its spiritual essence can it have a charm. Zhongzheng trend: steady, not leaning; peaceful potential: drizzle and wind, calm; prosperous trend: vibrant, youthful hair; welcoming potential: bowing long bow, courteous; elegant potential: elegant gentleman, delicious; abrupt potential: such as the Buddha at the top of Foding Mountain, the cloud supporting the cloud; the downward trend: the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky and the water flows down from a height of 3,000 feet; the momentum of ambition: Feipeng pounce on the tiger and Qiu long turns over the river. Xiongqi potential: Tianhua, shake the sky; strange danger potential: dangerous building 100 feet, peak falling stone; strange elegant potential: lofty and elegant, super-dust refined; strange potential: old stem Qiuzhi, intertwined; homeopathic: duckweed downstream, drifting with the current; countertrend: Yunshan roll upside down, hanging gold hook upside down; the potential of running over: whipping to urge the horse, nearly crossing Guanshan. The trend of being upright: steady, not leaning; the trend of peace: drizzle and wind, calm; the trend of prosperity: vibrant, youthful hair; the trend of greeting: bowing long bow, courteous; elegant potential: elegant gentleman, delicious; the layout of the crown requires first, the crown is vertical, horizontal and balanced; second, the crown should turn "pick the head"; third, the crown should lean forward. To achieve the effect that the front of the tree should be exposed, the back should be hidden, and the hidden dew should be stored at the same time. The common form of landscape bonsai 1, close-up type: (1) cliff type: the shape should pay attention to the center, although it should be exaggerated, it should be reasonable. (2) Elephant form: chew between elephants and non-elephants. Don't be too realistic, and don't be too abstract. (3) Strange Stone style: to achieve the form of stretch and generous, strange but not distorted, can not be affected. 2. Perspective: (1) Peak: the shape is tall and straight, to achieve majestic, towering. (2) Luan: the layers are connected, the form is round, the shape should be steady and solemn, and the momentum is mighty. (3) Ji: to protrude the rocks by the riverside. (4) Gorge: a waterway between two mountains. (5) reef (island): the protruding part of the water surface in rivers, lakes and seas. (6) Valley: in the depths of two mountains, the sky and water can pass by. (7) Gully: a dry ditch in the mountains. 3. Water-drought type: (1) all-drought type: this theme is easy to use shallow basin. (2) semi-arid type: describe a corner of the water. 4, hanging wall type: the design wall hanging screen should be concise and beautiful, and the level should be rich. The moral should be profound. 5. Stone-attached type: shaped like trees growing naturally in the rock, simple and wild, and can be placed in the landscape basin. 6. Offering stone: the selected stone should be thin, transparent, leaky, wrinkled, or achieve shape, spirit, color, grain and rhyme. The classification and modeling of bonsai trees are mainly woody plants, which are artistically treated (pruning, climbing) and carefully cultivated to typically reproduce the solitary nature or jungle gods in the basin. Due to different modeling techniques, bonsai trees are usually divided into three types: regular type, pictographic type and natural type. 1. Regular type: mostly in the traditional form, with a certain standard program, neat and rigorous modeling, suitable for symmetrical layout of the hall or courtyard; the atmosphere is solemn and magnificent. In addition to Yangpai bonsai, Sichuan bonsai, Tongpai bonsai and Hui bonsai, other schools have innovated on the basis of inheritance law. Such as Yang Pai's "platform", "Qiaoyun style" and bonsai; Sichuan Bonsai's "rolling dragon holding beads", "opposite turning", "square turning", "turning", "three bends and nine turns", "big bending and hanging branches", "straight coronation", "picking up the turning", "old woman dressing", "comprehensive" bonsai; Tong Pai bonsai two-and-a-half bends "Wen Shu", "Wu Shu" bonsai; Huizhou style bonsai bonsai "you Longwan" and so on. 2. Pictograph: cut up birds and animals such as dragons, Phoenix, lions, tigers, elephants and eagles, as well as figures and patterns, with auspicious terms such as "dragon and Phoenix are auspicious", "two dragons play beads", "Vientiane renewal", "grand plans" and so on, for congratulations, festivals and festivals. 3. Natural type: simulates the appearance of solitary trees and jungles in nature, with changeable shapes and various postures. Its shape can be summarized into 12 forms of straight-stem type: upright trees, towering ancient trees, towering momentum, Guangzhou is also known as the big tree type. Oblique dry type: the trunk lies on the soil surface, while the branches and crowns spread flat outside the basin, like ancient trees facing the water, so it is also called the water-facing type. Cantilever type: tree trunks hang outward, like cliff ancient pines. The trunk hanging not lower than the bottom of the basin is called semi-cliff, and those below the bottom of the basin is called full cliff. Yangzhou is also known as "hanging mouth". Horizontal dry type: the trunk lies on the soil surface, while the branches and crowns rise and stretch, like the trend of lightning and wind. Qu dry style: the trunk revolution Panqu Qiu long, more common in the traditional form. Multi-stem type: tree trunks are clustered, high and low vary, and Qiu branches come out in all directions. Among them, there are double-dry type, three-dry type or a multi-dry type. Dry type: carrying dry mottled, piercing and eroding the air, extremely forgiving the ancient spirit. Drooping branches: branches and leaves drooping like willow green waves. Wind style: the branches and leaves are drifting on one side, full of movement, such as strong grass. Root-connected type: the thick roots are exposed and connected, and the stems are high and you are uneven and scattered. Yangzhou is commonly known as "crossing the bridge", while Guangdong and Guangxi are called "Lianli trees". Lift root style: through cultivation techniques and modeling techniques, change Qiu meandering root shape, showing an ancient momentum. Jungle type: many plants are planted in clusters, just like the wilderness, with clusters and sparse forests in the mountains. According to the research and decision of the Evaluation Committee of "Chinese Bonsai Evaluation Exhibition", Chinese bonsai can be divided into five specifications: extra-large, large, medium, small and micro. Bonsai trees (divided by tree height) (1) large 81 cm ~ 150 cm. (2) medium 41 cm ~ 80 cm. (3) small 15cm ~ 40cm. (4) the miniature is less than 15 centimeters. Landscape bonsai (divided by pot diameter) (1) large 101 cm ~ 150 cm. (2) medium 41 cm ~ 100 cm. (3) small 15cm ~ 40cm. (4) the miniature is less than 15 centimeters. The bonsai of trees and stones is measured by the length of the basin. Bamboo and grass bonsai looks like bonsai with trees. The characteristics of the literati tree are clear, simple, elegant, gentle, elegant and Zen, not the form of artistic conception. Pine see skin, cypress look at bone bonsai five taboos, avoid fertilization. Second, avoid drought. Third, avoid water stains. Fourth, avoid sudden shade. Avoid taking a bath in the afternoon. Jungle bonsai four taboos-knife cutting jungle; second bogey dense unventilated jungle; three taboos deep basin big dish jungle; four taboos not pruning jungle; tree stump bonsai creation eight should bogey one should be distinct theme, clear intention, bogey creation do not know what to express, how to express. Second, it is appropriate to have a very basic understanding of the height, left and right exhibition of the works after shaping; avoid numerous in mind and let it go. Third, it is appropriate to have a basic estimate of the molding time, do not have enough in mind, act in haste. Fourth, it is appropriate to cut the pile in place, avoid repetition in the future. Fifth, it is appropriate to be clear and avoid repetition. Sixth, it is appropriate to set the support accurately and concentrate on the growth advantage; avoid the cultivation of non-modeling branches too thick and artificially create wounds. Seven appropriate modelling has the power, wants the branch exaggeration; bogey is ordinary, the golden mean is slippery. Eight should be phased cultivation with a clear purpose, avoid an aimless one-size-fits-all approach. Mountain picking tree stump to live five taboos, avoid shallow burying; second, avoid frequent inspection; third, avoid sparse watering; fourth, avoid misdetection; fifth, avoid floating; bonsai modeling needs to be tied up, the specific operation must be effective; the old habit of entangling yuan silk, time-consuming and laborious often fail. First, the contact area is small, falling into the phloem damage is large; secondly, it is difficult to grasp the tightness, and the strength confrontation is easy to rebound. Switch to nylon packing tape, tightly wrap the most solid; bend as you like, so that it is not difficult to soften. If you meet the branch bifurcation, winding in place plus turn. It is also like bending a sharp branch and thick, and then adding yuan silk to fasten it; if you know the thickness and length, it depends on how big the branch is. Make a small circle in the middle bend, fork to the branch and then bend; the circle is pierced with a steel bar and fastened at the end of the end. One more point must be mentioned here, the backing block under the silk. After the tape element is bound, the pry bar, pull ring and straight bend. Wait until the day when the branches are set, and then decompose the pieces. The unloaded items should be properly preserved so that they can be tied up later. Excellent modeling key branch (commonly known as important branch) ① floating branch: the main vein of the branch floats slightly downward in parallel. In order to obtain the best curve beauty, the branch angles can be exchanged between nodes to enhance the sense of rhythm, but does not deviate from the central axis of the main vein. ② branch exploration: high branch, main vein node ups and downs, similar to floating branches. Its biggest feature is to break the edge of the composition in many more unified modeling branches. As in the poem, "A red apricot flower has protruded out of the wall early". ③ drag branch: the main vein turns round and flows in the same direction as the dry body, just like the drag knife used by Guan Yu in front of the battle. It is often used in the shape of curved stem, which means to restrain the foot after breaking. ④ falling branch: the main vein suddenly twists and turns downward in the advance, the change is strong and distinct, and it is smooth and natural after falling. It is often used in the towering tree shape to make up for the emptiness of the few branches in the high feet. ⑤ cathartic branch: as soon as the main vein comes out of the branch, it bends and flows into a diarrhea-like shape, during which there is less curve and node change, like a straight down river, a dip of thousands of miles, and a powerful momentum. The promotion and inhibition techniques of tree stump bonsai branch plate: (1) strong shear inhibition method; (2) half-fold inhibition method; (3) leaf removal inhibition method; (4) placement inhibition method; (5) backlight inhibition method; (6) drug inhibition method. Shenzhi-the old wood of nature, through the destruction of electricity, frost, snow, rain, falling stones and diseases, part or part of the branches of the crown withered, its skin fell, the wood became white and ossified, and became the "sacred branch" of nature. Sherry-the old wood of nature, its skin is destroyed by electricity, frost, snow, rain, falling rocks and diseases, and part of the body is ossified into a natural "sherry". Borrow branch filling method: first, matching plants to fill the void; second, falling branches to fill the void; third, returning branches to fill the void; fourth, folding the head to fill the void. Several: there are tree roots, pillows, scrolls, square, round, special-shaped, single, double, Bogu and so on. It requires that the craft should be simple, the lines should be smooth, the proportion should be coordinated, and the scenery should echo. Bonsai pruning skills 1, plant characteristic pruning: 1. Unbalanced pruning; 2, balanced pruning; 3, leaf pruning; 4, reserved pruning. Second, aesthetic characteristic pruning: 1. Retaining branches and fixing support, removing superfluous branches; 2. Proportional coordination, exquisite pruning; 3. Angle orientation, precise and fine pruning; 4, outline control, integrated pruning. Anthropomorphic cutting pile: (extracted from Chinese Flower Bonsai Magazine, I feel good, hereby enter) after the pile material is in hand, first of all, repeatedly consider to determine the best front. And then put the trunk according to its shape. According to the anthropomorphic technique, it is divided into head, abdomen and crotch (the root is below double hips). After these three parts are determined, other specific parts will not be messed up. The following is the classification of the "three taboos", "five taboos", "three rare branches" and "five best branches" in the stump bonsai shaping: three taboos: a bogey nose branch; the nose branch is an aimless branch, which is very tacky and sad, which is the enemy of damaging the image of the pile scene. Second, avoid chest branches, chest branches are stuffy branches, which are the great enemies that damage the vitality of Zhuang Jingyuan. Three taboo ventral branches, ventral branches for riffraff, is a major disease to stifle the future of Zhuangjing. Five taboos: 1 taboo back spoon branch; 2 bogey neck branch; 3 bogey axillary branch; 4 bogey head top branch; 5 bogey forehead branch: 1. It is rare to grow branches in the ear, there are branches in the ear, and the whole pile scene has an image. two. It is rare that there are branches on the shoulder, and there are branches on the side of the shoulders, so the future of the pile scene is promising. three. It is rare to branch in the crotch, and there are big branches in the crotch of the trunk, which means that the foundation of the pile is good, and the future of the pile is promising and even limitless. Five good branches: 1. There are branches in the cheek (including parotid) or acupoint of the trunk. two. There are branches on the left and right sides of the upper chest of the trunk. three. There are branches on the two ribs of the trunk. four. There are branches on the back of the trunk, which is also a good branch. five. The old, large, thick and ancient trunk has branches on both sides of the waist or at the back, which is also a good branch. The basis of bonsai modeling of trees-the trunk is divided into straight trunk, oblique trunk, curved trunk, cliff, split, jump branch, rot, root, stone, lying dry, combination and so on. The skeleton of bonsai modeling of trees-branches are divided into elegant branches, revolving branches, oblique falling branches, spreading branches, rising branches, natural branches, antler branches, chicken claw branches, curved branches, twisted branches, wind branches, hanging curtain branches, twisted branches and so on. The life of bonsai modeling of trees-the roots are divided into radial shape, lateral shape, flat twist shape, winding dry shape, vertical wire shape, pan dragon shape and so on. The primary image of bonsai tree crown is fan-shaped crown, semicircular crown, umbrella-shaped crown, triangular crown, withered crown, bald crown, turning crown, flat crown, lateral crown and so on. The life symbol of bonsai trees-leaves, distracting leaves, oval leaves, needle-shaped leaves, palm-shaped leaves and so on. The nostalgic pursuit of bonsai trees-the old forms are scars, holes, imperfections, cracks, spots, peeling, corrosion, fracture and so on.

Classification and modeling of bonsai trees

artworks with woody plants as the main body, through artistic treatment (pruning, climbing) and careful cultivation, typically reproducing the appearance of nature or jungle in pots. Bonsai trees according to different ornamental, sub-view leaves, flowers, fruit three categories. View leaves to ornamental plant leaf shape, color and seasonal changes, as well as branches, stems, roots of the ever-changing appearance of trees bonsai. The main type of potted trees of all styles and genres is ornamental leaves. Such as: Yang school of pine, cypress, elm, poplar bonsai, etc.; Su school of Chinese cypress, true cypress, finch plum, elm, triangle maple bonsai, etc.; Sichuan school of Podocarpus, ginkgo bonsai, etc.; Lingnan school of Jiulixiang bonsai, finch plum, elm, Fujian tea bonsai, etc.; Shanghai school of bonsai of Wuneedle pine, black pine, Podocarpus, true cypress bonsai, etc.; Tongpai bonsai of Podocarpus, Wuneedle pine, boxwood bonsai, etc.; Zhejiang school of bonsai of Wuneedle pine, Chinese cypress bonsai, etc. The ornamental flowers are potted trees with the shape, color and flowering changes of ornamental flowers, as well as the ever-changing leaves, branches, stems and roots. Flower viewing tree bonsai, Hui style bonsai to Youlongmei bonsai, Sichuan style bonsai to stick stem bonsai, June snow bonsai as its main type; other styles, schools of tree bonsai although not flower viewing as the main type, but have their own local characteristics of flower viewing tree bonsai. Such as: Yangzhou pimple plum bonsai, basket plum bonsai, peach bonsai, spring bonsai, etc.; Suzhou plum bonsai, wax plum bonsai, crape myrtle bonsai, spring bonsai, etc.; Nantong June snow bonsai, azalea bonsai, etc. Ornamental fruit category to ornamental plant fruit shape, color and fruit stage changes, as well as leaves, branches, stems, roots ever-changing appearance of trees bonsai. Fruit tree bonsai, Sichuan bonsai to gold marble bonsai, Xuzhou fruit tree bonsai to apple, pear, hawthorn bonsai as its main type; other styles, schools of tree bonsai although not fruit as the main type, but also have their own local characteristics of fruit tree bonsai. "Yangzhou fragrant rafter bonsai, etc.; Suzhou pomegranate bonsai, etc.; Shanghai sea pomegranate bonsai, Elaeagnus angustifolia bonsai; Nantong tiger thorn bonsai, Chinese wolfberry bonsai, etc.; Guizhou, Hubei all over the bonsai, etc.; Bengbu Tianzhu bonsai; Beijing grape bonsai, etc.; Jinhua bergamot bonsai, etc.; Guangzhou kumquat, mountain orange bonsai, etc." Bonsai trees are usually divided into three types: regular type, pictographic type and natural type due to different modeling techniques. From the development trend, natural type is the main type. 1. Regular type: mostly traditional form, with certain standard program, neat and rigorous shape, suitable for symmetrical layout of hall or door; solemn and luxurious atmosphere. In addition to the Yang, Sichuan, Tong-style and Hui styles of potted plants, which still retain their traditional forms, other schools have been innovated on the basis of inheritance. For example, the "desktop","Qiaoyun style" and bonsai of Yang School; the "rolling dragon holding beads","opposite turn","square turn","three bends and nine inverted turns","big bend hanging branches","straight body coronation","next bend and turn","old woman dressing" and "comprehensive" bonsai of Sichuan School; the "Wenshu" and "Wushu" bonsai of Tongpai bonsai with two and a half bends; and the "Youlongwan" bonsai of Huizhou School. 2, pictographic type: conifers or flowering plants cut into dragons, phoenixes, lions, tigers, elephants, eagles and other birds and animals as well as characters, patterns, and title auspicious terms, such as "dragon and phoenix auspicious","two dragons playing beads","everything updated","grand plan", etc., for congratulations, celebrations, festivals. With the advancement of the times, pictographic bonsai has been rare. Longting Park in Kaifeng combines pictographic bonsai cutting techniques with plant modeling, cutting cypresses into dragon and phoenix, pagoda pavilions, pandas, Donald ducks, trains and helicopters to form Longting Plant Modeling Garden, which is unique. 3. Natural type: Simulate the appearance of isolated trees and forests in nature, with changeable shapes and thousands of postures. Its shape can be summarized into 12 forms. Straight dry: trees upright, towering trees, towering momentum, Guangzhou also known as the tree type. Oblique dry: trunk lying on the earth surface, and branches, crown flat in the basin, like Linshui ancient trees, it is also called Linshui type. Hanging cliff type: tree trunk hanging downward outward, like Cangya ancient pine. The trunk hanging not lower than the bottom of the basin is called half cliff, and lower than the bottom of the basin is called full cliff. Yangzhou is also known as "hanging mouth". Lying dry: trunk lying on the earth surface, and branches, tree crown rise and stretch, like lightning wind down the potential. Qugan: trunk revolution flat curved dragon, more common in the traditional form. More dry: trunk clusters, uneven height, Qiu branch four out. Among them, there are double dry, three dry or a multi-dry points. Dry type: dry mottled carrier, through the erosion of empty, extremely Rao Cang ancient gas. Dropping branch type: branches and leaves droop like willow green waves. Wind type: branches and leaves wind floating side, full of dynamic, such as strong wind grass. Even root type: thick root bare connected, stem height you uneven, scattered. Yangzhou commonly known as "bridge", Guangdong, Guangxi said "Lianli tree." Root type: through cultivation techniques and modeling techniques, change Qiu Qu winding root morphology, showing Canggu momentum. Jungle-style: multi-plant clusters, like wilderness, mountain clusters of sparse forest. According to the appraisal committee of "Chinese Bonsai Appraisal Exhibition", Chinese bonsai is divided into five specifications: extra large, medium, small and miniature. The tree bonsai specification is measured by the length of the tree from the root neck to the treetops. Landscape bonsai, tree stone bonsai measured by the length of the pot. Bamboo and grass bonsai are similar to tree bonsai, miniature bonsai are similar to tree bonsai and landscape bonsai respectively.