Production methods and key points of maintenance and management of pine and cypress bonsai

In the production of cypress bonsai, when using the method of wire binding and shaping, the corresponding thickness of metal wire is selected according to the thickness of the branches, and the branches in the improper angle position are twisted and suspended to meet the needs of plastic surgery.

Before plastic surgery to repeatedly review its tree potential, depending on the straight stem, the position of the main branch and take advantage of the situation, to be determined first, can be reshaped from bottom to top. The vertical planes between the layers should not overlap too much, in order to facilitate the growth and light transmission, otherwise the Tian Chang Di Jiu (Eternal Dumpling), the shaded part will naturally die out of control.

The pines and cypresses in the Mingcha Temple in the natural mountains are generally past their prime of life, that is, they stop growing to high places. The lateral growth of the branches increases, the branches grow densely and extend length, the branches droop due to weight and rain and snow, and the branchlets on the branches grow horizontally. Therefore, in plastic surgery, standing branches and branches should be kept at a horizontal or drooping angle, the size of the angle depends on their needs, and the branches can be bent horizontally. If the top branches can droop, they will look older. Due to modeling reasons, the coexistence of lower branches and rising branches can not be ruled out, but it should be in accordance with the law of growth in the natural environment.

The length of the upper and lower branches is generally long and short. From the front of the appreciation, the front branches are short and the back branches are long, and the trunk and main branches should be exposed. The proportion of the lowest main branches of the trunk should be coordinated.

The trunk and thick branches which are not easy to be bent by wire and hanging method can be bent by finger-to-finger insertion method which has been tested for many years. If it is a large thick branch, you can use a knife to deep above the part that needs to be bent to half the depth of the diameter, and the length depends on the need. Cut several strips in this way, and cut horizontally on the head separated by one strip, and vice versa at the other end. If you bend it hard, the horizontal broken head will tilt up, as if the two hands are oblique to each other. After the main branch or trunk is fixed, the warped part can be embedded in the slot and entangled with adhesive tape, so that it can heal well after 2023.

Cypress shape due to the difference between leaves and pine, so the level should not be too clear. The wood of cypress is resistant to decay, and it can create withered branches, withered shapes, withered branches can be peeled, and withered branches can be shaped and peeled after shaping. Cypress bonsai often use Platycladus orientalis trees, but the branches and leaves of Platycladus orientalis are rough and messy, and the general shape is monotonous, which gives people a sense of chaos after shaping, which affects the ornamental value, which is its disadvantage. Platycladus orientalis branches are old and changeable, and big branches are easy to shape, which is the strength of Platycladus orientalis. In the creation of Platycladus orientalis bonsai, if we can give full play to our strengths and avoid weaknesses and return to simplicity, we should adopt the natural form of ancient cypress in Qufu and Lingyan Temple as blue wood, highlighting the aging of the trunk. In the cultivation of main branches, the use of scattered modeling, so that the proportion of dry branches coordinated, Qiu qu changeable, reduce the number of messy twigs and leaves, can overcome the disadvantages of rough leaves and improve the appreciation value of Platycladus orientalis.

The mountain field pile digging should select the surface root is stout, the distribution is uniform, the tree trunk has a certain degree of curvature and change, and the branch thickness, especially the main branch thickness and trunk thickness should be coordinated.

Dig wild piles, do not scatter roots and transplant, it is best to use the original mountain soil when planting. Plant a good post-ventilated sunny place, spray leaf water frequently, and water again when the surface of the basin soil is not dry. Do not apply fertilizer to the new pile of the pine tree in that year.

Pine and cypress bonsai management:

1. Watering: pine likes high sunshine and high dryness, and is not resistant to water and wet. it is appropriate to see dry and water, spray more foliar water. Cypress watering can be more extensive.

2. Fertilization: pines should not apply heavy fertilizer, but can apply light fertilizer and water once or twice in Spring and Autumn. If cypresses are to be exuberant, they can apply more fertilizer.

3. Picking buds: picking buds in the case of exuberant growth, picking leaves can make the branches and short leaves dense. Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus tabulaeformis can produce new buds in summer. Black pine, after picking buds in spring, can produce a number of new buds in the same year, and the next year it will grow short branches and dense leaves.

Platycladus orientalis should be placed in a ventilated sunny place, and the sunny wall root of Platycladus orientalis cultivated in the courtyard should not be too close to avoid being harmed by red spiders.

The main points of making flood and drought bonsai

Flood and drought bonsai is the product of the combination of tree bonsai and landscape bonsai. It is a unique form of Chinese bonsai. The performance of flood and drought bonsai has a wide range of subjects, rich in content, rich in natural flavor, and is deeply loved by people. The production of flood and drought bonsai is more complicated, which requires the producer to master the basic skills of trees and landscapes.

The materials for making flood and drought bonsai mainly include bowls, plants, rocks and accessories, etc. The use of flood and drought bonsai basins are mostly shallow stone basins (that is, landscape bonsai basins), and the shapes are mainly rectangular, oval, waist round, round and irregular, depending on the modeling needs. The use of flood and drought bonsai basin is very shallow, generally do not need to open drainage holes, such as the use of deeper pots, need to open holes in the dryland where trees are planted to facilitate drainage. The color of the basin should be gray and white, sometimes dark.

The plants of flood and drought bonsai are mainly trees, and herbs and bryophytes can also be used. For trees, fine branches and leaves are required, which are suitable for pruning and processing; the tree shape is natural and should not be too strange; it has strong adaptability. There are many tree species available, such as five-needle pine, Luohan pine, gold pine, spruce, metasequoia, real cypress, hammer elm, Finch plum, park, beech, yellow poplar, Tamarix, maple, lobular privet, bamboo, June snow, crape myrtle, pomegranate, tiger thorn, firethorn, southern bamboos and so on.

The rock materials of flood and drought bonsai are hard, and the commonly used stones are Xuan stone, Yingde stone, tortoise stone, stalagmite, axe split stone and so on. The shape of the rocks should not be too strange, should not be multi-angular, the surface can not be damaged. The stone in the same bonsai should be unified in terms of color, texture and texture. The types of accessories commonly used in flood and drought bonsai include people, animals, buildings, boats and so on. The texture is divided into pottery, stone, metal and so on. Pottery is the best, and the color is simple and elegant. You can also make it yourself according to your needs.

The processed tree materials of trees and rocks can be cultivated from childhood or dug from the mountains, but they all need to be processed and cultivated for a certain period of time before they can be used. Most of the processing methods are pruning, supplemented by flat binding. On the other hand, pine and cypress are more likely to use flat binding, tiger thorns, bamboos and other natural forms are more beautiful, without flat binding, proper pruning can be done. The place where the trees are planted in flood and drought bonsai is small and irregular, so the roots need to be treated before planting. Usually, the trees are poured out of the original basin, part of the persistent soil is removed, and the roots are cut short, especially the thick roots that grow downwards. The number of soil and roots should be based on the shape of the dryland part of the basin. Before the layout is determined, it is advisable to pick less soil and cut less roots to ensure the survival of planting.

The processing of stone is mainly cutting and carving. Stone cutters are usually used to cut stone, and soft stone can also be cut by hand with a hacksaw. Generally speaking, the main stone materials are initially processed first, and then other stones are processed. The bottom of the cutting stone should be cut flat so that it can fit well with the basin. Before cutting, it is necessary to observe the rocks carefully in order to make an accurate choice. The purpose of carving and chiseling is to coordinate and unify the stone patterns and enhance the overall effect. In order to remove the unbeautiful edges and corners of rocks or solve the problem of surface damage, water grinding wheel can be used for water grinding, or hydrochloric acid can be used for chemical treatment. Rocks usually need to be processed several times in order to meet the requirements. Processing should strive to be natural and try not to show artificial traces.

After the processing of trees and rocks is completed, the layout of flood and drought bonsai can be carried out. Layout is very important, is the key to the success or failure of the production of flood and drought bonsai, must be careful and meticulous. The layout needs to be debugged many times, and some materials often need to be processed or replaced. Every tree and rock should be put in the best position. The layout includes trees, slope rocks and dry land spots, topography, water surface, accessories and other parts, which should be related to each other to make it a unified, coordinated and varied whole.

Flood and drought bonsai are usually dominated by trees, and most of them are planted in clusters. Attention should be paid to dealing with the relationship between primary and secondary, density, height, distance, concession, exposure, movement and so on. At the same time, the relationship between trees and rocks, as well as the position of rocks and water surface should be taken into account, and the ratio of dry land to water surface should be appropriate. The layout of rocks should pay attention to the principle of perspective, the shape and wrinkles of rocks should be roughly the same, but should be slightly changed, the spliced rocks should have a sense of integrity, and large noodles should be used with small ones. The point stone of flood and drought bonsai has a great impact on the overall shape, it can echo with the slope and bank rocks, and contrast and set off the trees at the same time. The point stone not only plays an important role in the treatment of the terrain, but also can make up for the defect of the root of the tree. We should also pay attention to the changes of height, density and other changes, as well as the relationship with other scenery. Most of the accessories are placed on the rocks, so that the position is suitable, the color is coordinated and the proportion is appropriate.

After repeated adjustments and modifications, the layout can be determined, and the location of the main scenery will be marked in the basin with a pencil, with special attention to the fact that the location of the waterfront must be accurately drawn on the basin, and the stones can be numbered so as not to make a mistake when gluing rocks. The specific operation process is to first glue the slope and bank rocks in the basin, then plant trees, arrange stones, and make topography, and finally fix accessories and plant moss.

You need to wash the basin before gluing the rocks, you can mix 107 glue with cement, and then adjust the color to make it close to the color of the rocks. Gluing must be close, not only to make a good combination of rock and basin, but also to make a good combination between rocks. Do not leak, do not have excess cement exposure, you can use an oil brush dipped in water to wash the cement outside the rocks, leakage will be disadvantageous to plant growth. After the cemented cement is dry, trees can be planted. First lay a thin layer of soil on the dry land, then remove the root soil and trim it properly, plant the trees in a suitable position according to the layout requirements, stick the soil to the roots with bamboo sticks, and don't press the soil too tightly.

After the planting is completed, you can light stones in the original position. The point stone needs to bury the lower part of the rock into the soil to make it "take root". Generally, while lighting stones, some soil is piled up in dry land to make topography, and a layer of fine-grained soil is sprinkled on the surface in order to spread moss. After lighting the stone, the accessories can be fixed on the stone plane with cement or glue.

Planting moss can beautify the basin, connect trees and rocks, and prevent soil erosion, which needs to be taken seriously. After laying the moss, it is necessary to consider the overall situation and trim the trees once to get the best effect. Finally, the rocks, tree trunks and bowls will be washed clean, so that the production of a basin of flood and drought bonsai will be completed. After careful maintenance for a period of time, trees and rocks will appear more coordinated and natural, and the ornamental effect will be better.

Key points of bonsai conservation with tree stump

Key points of bonsai conservation with tree stump

1. Watering

Watering is one of the most important and frequent measures in the management of tree stump bonsai. The stump is planted in the basin, whether it is a deep basin or a shallow basin, the soil is always limited, and the water content is also limited. if the stump is not watered for a long time, the stump will wither due to lack of water, so it is necessary to observe in time and water according to the dry and wet condition of the soil to maintain soil moisture. Of course, overwatering can not be excessive, if overwatering, the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it is easy to cause root hypoxia and decay; at the same time, the amount of watering depends on specific tree species, seasonal changes, and warm and cold weather. Generally speaking, in summer or drought, it is best to water once in the morning and evening, every day or every other day in spring and autumn, the stump germinates in spring, and it can also be watered in the morning and evening according to the situation. During the rainy season or rainy days, there is no need for watering, but also pay attention to drainage. Sandy soil can be watered more, clayey soil should be watered less. Watering can be foliar spray, can also be root irrigation, generally a combination of the two, first foliar spray, and then root irrigation through, pay attention not to irrigate "half of the water" to cause basin surface wet, basin dry phenomenon, and leaf spray can not be too much, easy to cause branches and leaves to grow.

two。 Fertilizer application

The soil in the pot of tree stump bonsai is limited, so the nutrients are also limited, so we should pay attention to the supplement of fertilizer. Because of its artistic characteristics, tree stump bonsai should not be fertilized too much or too frequently. It is necessary to master the content and types of fertilization and grasp the fertilization season. The three elements of plant growth nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of branches and leaves, phosphorus fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits, and potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stem and root. therefore, the selection of fertilizer should be determined according to the type of tree stump and its growth trend.

If you need to make the stump flourish, you can apply more nitrogen fertilizer; if you need more flowers and fruits, you can increase the content of phosphate fertilizer; when you need strong roots, you can apply more potash fertilizer. Fertilization methods are generally divided into late fertilization and quick fertilization. Delayed fertilization generally mixes organic fertilizer into the soil according to a certain proportion after crushing and maturing, and when changing soil, it is mixed into the basin to slowly provide nutrients; quick-acting fertilization is to dilute organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer. Fertilization is carried out according to the seasonal growth needs of tree stumps, but it should not be too thick, newly planted tree stumps should not be fertilized in rainy days, fertilizer efficiency is lost, and the effect is not good.

3. Control of diseases and insect pests

Diseases on the branches:

It is shown in the phloem, cambium decay, stem rot and ulcers on the branches, surface decay of the branches, dry core decay, spots on the branches and so on. Usually Bordeaux solution should be sprayed, Xu should be treated with stone-sulfur mixture, and the rotten parts should be scraped off.

Leaf diseases:

Leaf diseases usually appear yellow-brown or black spots, leaf curl, wilt, early defoliation and other symptoms, which may be yellowing, leaf spot, soot, powdery mildew and so on. Leaf spot disease can be removed and Bordeaux solution can be sprayed; chlorosis can be sprayed with 0.1-0.2 ferrous sulfate solution; powdery mildew can be sprayed with Baume 0.3-0.5 degree sulfur mixture.

Root diseases:

The root of bonsai stump is aging, which is easy to produce root rot or nodule disease caused by various bacteria and fungi. Attention should be paid to the disinfection of potted soil and the control of watering water.

Beetle management:

There are many kinds of damage caused by shell insects. It is a pest that absorbs tree stump tree sap, and it is easy to cause soot disease, poor growth, yellow branches and leaves, early defoliation and so on. In addition to killing with manual brushes, 40% dimethoate EC 1000-1500 times solution can be used, or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times solution can be used to kill it.

Red spider governance:

The red spider harms the leaves by absorbing the leaf juice. After the insect pests, the leaves show gray spots and cause withered and yellow shedding. The control method is to spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500200 times solution or 1000 times solution of 50% parathion wettable powder.

Aphid management:

There are many kinds of aphids and the harm is common. The leaves of the damaged stumps are generally curled and drooping, and when they are serious, the leaves are black and dry and fall off. Control method: generally spray with 40% dimethoate 2000-300O times aqueous solution, once a week. Or spray it with an aqueous solution of 2.5% 800 to 1200 fish vines.

Trim:

Bonsai trees are still growing, if they are allowed to grow naturally, unrestrained, it is bound to affect the shape of the tree and lose its artistic value. Therefore, it is necessary to prune in time, long-skill short cut, secret skill sparse cutting, in order to maintain beautiful tree posture and appropriate proportion.

Pick the heart:

Bonsai trees in order to inhibit its height growth, promote the development of lateral technology flat, can remove its technical tip tender head.

Pick the buds:

When bonsai trees grow many adventitious buds on their dry base or trunk, they should pick buds at any time so as not to sprout forked branches and affect the beauty of the tree.

Picking leaves:

The viewing period of foliage tree bonsai is often the period of new leaf germination, such as mechanical tree, pomegranate and other new leaves are red. By picking leaves, trees can send new leaves several times a year, bright and pleasing to the eye, and improve their ornamental effect.

Pruning:

Bonsai trees often produce many new branches. in order to maintain their beautiful shape, we must always pay attention to repair techniques. The way of trimming should be determined according to the shape of the tree. if it is a cloud shape, the branches should be trimmed into a flat shape. Generally hinder the beauty of dead branches, parallel branches, cross skills, etc., should be cut off in time.

Xiugen:

When turning the basin, combined with root pruning, the root system that is too dense and too long should be trimmed, which can be considered according to the following circumstances. If the new root of the tree is underdeveloped and the root system is not covered with the bottom of the soil block, the original basin can still be used and the root system does not need to be trimmed. For the tree species with developed root system, if the fibrous root is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, the larger basin should be replaced, the dense root system should be thinned, the old root should be removed, and a few new roots should be retained to turn the basin. Some old pile bonsai can be properly raised to increase its ornamental value when turning the basin. And prune off the old root and the root tip to loosen and fertilize the soil to promote the new root.

Turn over the basin and change the soil:

Bonsai trees grow in the basin for many years, the fibrous roots are covered with the bottom of the basin, watering is difficult to permeate and drain, and the fertilizer is not easy to absorb, which will affect the normal growth of the trees. Turn the basin can use the original basin or change a slightly larger basin, according to the size of the tree to decide. Changing soil can improve the ventilation and permeability of soil, increase soil nutrients, benefit the robust growth of bonsai trees and improve their ornamental effect.

The soil of tree stump changing basin is mainly humus soil, paddy soil, mountain mud and so on. When changing soil, some nutrients can be properly added to the soil to make it fermented and volatilized into late-acting nutrients in the soil, which can slowly benefit the tree stump. As for the grasp of the pH of the soil, it depends on the specific conditions of the tree species. When changing the basin, generally fix the sieve or tile at the bottom hole, first add the soil with larger particles to facilitate drainage, then put it into the stump, fill it into the culture with finer particles, insert it tightly with bamboo and stick, and determine the amount of water according to the situation of the tree species.

The turning of bonsai trees can be decided on the basis of the following aspects:

① generally turns the small bonsai every 1-2 years, the middle bonsai 2-3 years, and the large bonsai 3-5 years. If it is an old tree pile scene, it can be turned over every few years.

The tree species with vigorous growth and like fertilizer in ② have more times of potting and shorter interval years, while those with slow growth and less fertilizer need less pots and longer interval years. The old pile scene of pine and cypress should not be turned over more.

③ has luxuriant branches and leaves, and the tree species with well-developed roots should turn the pot frequently. Turning the basin can be determined by the growth of the roots. when the soil is not dry or wet, turn the basin upside down and beat the bottom of the basin with hands, so that all the trees with soil roots are poured out to check the soil block consolidation and root distribution. if the soil block is hardened and the root system is densely covered with the bottom of the soil block, it means that the basin must be turned over.

The best time to turn the basin is to choose the dormant period of trees, mostly in early spring or late autumn. If you retain more of the original soil, you can turn the basin at any time, not limited by the season. If you need to replace most or all of the land, you should strictly choose the appropriate period of turning the basin.

Placement and protection

The placement of the tree stump bonsai should also be determined according to the characteristics of the tree species, and should generally be placed in a ventilated and transparent place with a certain space humidity, insufficient sunlight, poor ventilation and no certain space humidity, which can make the plants yellow and dry, leading to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and even death. However, some tree species like shade, and some stumps need more sunlight, so measures such as shading or shading should be taken. For example, some evergreen broad-leaved or non-broad-leaved trees, such as yellow poplar, rhododendron and camellia, mostly like shade, while crape myrtle, ginkgo, begonia and other sunny trees should be decided according to the specific situation. Some tree stump bonsai are also cold-resistant or non-cold-resistant, and non-cold-resistant stumps are generally maintained and managed in the greenhouse in winter, such as banyan tree, Fujian tea and so on.