Maintenance methods of family potted rubber trees

Rubber tree, also known as Indian yong, Indian rubber tree, is an evergreen tree of Moraceae. The leaves are beautiful and glossy, and they are famous potted foliage plants.

Rubber tree is native to India and Malaysia, and now it is cultivated in many parts of our country. Sex likes a warm, humid, sunny environment, but also slightly shade-resistant, not cold-resistant. It is required to have fertile and loose soil and grow well in neutral or acidic soil. When potted, it is appropriate to use rotten leaf soil, grass ash soil plus about 1 to 4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer to form culture soil. Usually keep the soil moist and apply dilute liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days. High temperature in summer, rubber trees grow faster, should be fat and water, but to avoid stagnant water in the basin. After entering autumn, fertilization and watering are gradually reduced to promote plant growth and enrichment, which is conducive to overwintering. Because rubber trees like the sun, they should be kept outside in the sun from spring to autumn; if placed in a shaded place for a long time, it is easy to cause leaves to yellowing and falling off.

Because the rubber tree is not resistant to cold, it must be moved to the sunny place indoors for maintenance in winter, keeping the room temperature above 10 ℃, and the minimum temperature not lower than 5 ℃; if the temperature is too low and the basin soil is wet, it will cause the leaves to blacken and fall off and the roots to rot, or even the whole plant to die. Move to the courtyard or balcony for maintenance from the end of April to the beginning of May next year.

After potted rubber trees become seedlings, it is appropriate to turn the pot and change the soil every year before the new buds grow in spring. When turning the basin, cut off the curled root system properly and add new culture soil and base fertilizer. For overgrown plants, you can also change to a larger flowerpot in September. In order to make the plant shape of potted rubber trees plump, coring should be carried out when the seedlings grow to 60-80 cm high, in order to promote lateral bud germination. After the lateral branches grow, choose 3-5, and then cut the opposite lateral branches once a year, and you can get round and plump trees 1.5-2 meters high in 3 years.

How to raise rubber trees, the cultivation methods of potted rubber trees are also known as big leaf green, red Burmese tree, red mouth rubber tree, film protection tree, Burmese banyan, Burma tree, banyan milk tree, elastic film protection tree, evergreen, rubber tree, Indian rubber banyan, Indian banyan, Indian rubber tree and so on. It is an ornamental plant of the genus Ficus, Moraceae, and its origin is India. Its management is not complicated, even if people who lack cultivation experience can cultivate it well.

The growth habits of rubber trees: rubber trees like warm, humid, sunny environment, but also slightly shady, not cold-resistant. It is required to have fertile and loose soil and grow well in neutral or acidic soil. When potted, it is appropriate to use rotten leaf soil, grass ash soil plus about 1 to 4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer to form culture soil. Usually keep the soil moist and apply dilute liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days. High temperature in summer, rubber trees grow faster, should be fat and water, but to avoid stagnant water in the basin. After entering autumn, fertilization and watering are gradually reduced to promote plant growth and enrichment, which is conducive to overwintering. Because rubber trees like the sun, they should be kept outside in the sun from spring to autumn; if placed in a shaded place for a long time, it is easy to cause leaves to yellowing and falling off. Like sunshine, single also more tolerant to shade, watering more overnight tea, the whole plant should often spray water, and wipe its leaves with a wet cloth, which is beneficial to photosynthesis, because it is not hardy, rubber trees should be moved into the sunny place indoors for maintenance in winter, keeping the room temperature above 10 ℃, and the minimum temperature should not be less than 5 ℃; if the temperature is too low, the basin soil is moist, it will cause leaves to blacken and fall off and root rot, or even the whole plant to die. Move to the courtyard or balcony for maintenance from the end of April to the beginning of May next year. The north should pay attention to the change of season from indoor to outdoor can not immediately receive strong sunlight, that is, the light and temperature should not change too much. If the room temperature is low in winter, a small amount of water should be watered to keep the basin soil slightly tidal. The leaves of the rubber tree are bright, green and pleasant, and its plants are tall and imposing, so they are suitable to be placed on the balcony to green the environment. Display: potted rubber trees can be placed in the east, south, west balcony for management, of which the south balcony cultivation effect is the best. Its plant is relatively tall, suitable for planting on a very spacious balcony. During its vigorous growth stage, the plant should be placed where it is exposed to direct sunlight for not less than 2 hours a day. The environment should be kept ventilated in summer. It doesn't matter if the temperature is a little lower in winter. Pot management: it is appropriate to choose sandy loam rich in humus as cultivation substrate. If conditions permit, the basin soil can be made up of rotten leaves, fine sand and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1:2 by volume. Rubber tree plants are relatively tall and grow rapidly, and large flowerpots are usually selected for planting. Rubber trees like micro-tide dry soil environment, summer is the stage where they need the most water and can be watered more; winter is the period when they need the least water, so they should be watered less. In addition to applying about 50 grams of horseshoe slices as base fertilizer at the bottom of the flowerpot during planting, dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied every lO day in the vigorous growth stage. Rubber trees like to shine in direct sunlight and are resistant to shade. If there are conditions, it is best to let the plant be able to accept all-day sunlight. Just keep the environment properly ventilated. Rubber tree is fond of high temperature environment, it grows well in the temperature range of 16 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, and the overwintering temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃. Before the new buds germinate in spring every year, the old branches of the plant are truncated 2 to 3 or 1 to 2 to promote the formation of new branches and prune the inner bore branches and thin and weak branches at the same time. In balcony cultivation, rubber trees are usually rarely sick, but they are vulnerable to grubs. Large plants of more than three years old should be turned once every spring and March. During the operation, some of the old roots can be cut off, some new soil can be replaced, and the branches of the plant can be cut in the middle to promote branching. In this way, the plant has a stronger growth potential, so that the ornamental value is greatly improved. Propagation method: cuttage is the main method of propagation, which is mostly carried out from March to April in spring. Fine sand can be used as propagation substrate. The specifications of the basin can be determined according to the specific needs. Combined with pruning, the newly lignified branches of the rubber tree are cut into single segments with 1 leaf in each segment. White mucus will flow out from the stem incision, which can be washed away with warm water, and then dipped in a small amount of charcoal powder to the surface of the incision. Fill the small flowerpot with fine sand, then insert a bamboo stick about 20 centimeters long, keep the polarity of the cut stem of the rubber tree into the soil, wrap the bamboo stick in the middle of the leaf and tie it with string. Then put the flowerpot containing cuttings into the plastic shed and often spray water to moisturize. Under the condition of 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, rubber tree cuttings can take root after about 4 weeks, and can be planted in pots when the seedlings grow 2-3 new leaves. The method of pressing strip can also be used to raise seedlings. The method of inserting rubber leaves into its petiole can produce adventitious roots, but it cannot produce adventitious buds, so it cannot grow into a new individual. Therefore, it is necessary to use leaves or terminal buds with a bud at the base for cutting in order to form new plants. The depth is only the tip of the bud. Insert and cover with a glass cover to prevent the moisture from evaporating. If opposite leaves, can be divided into two halves, each leaf with a bud as a cuttage.

Rubber leaves can be inserted with one leaf and one bud, or one leaf, half or even smaller propagation materials can be used to root quickly in the intelligent control of rapid propagation bed, the whole leaf can be rapidly propagated by 2000PPM, and the rooting effect of half of the leaves treated with 400PPM for 1 hour is the best, and the rooting rate is up to 100%. The picture below shows the rubber tree propagated on 2.21 and its well-developed root system 3.21. At this time, through the treatment of cytokinins, it will not be long before the buds can differentiate into a complete plant.

The rubber tree is one of our more common trees, it is suitable for beautifying the living room, the study, and can also be placed on both sides of the door, so it is loved by many people, so, what are the matters needing attention when raising it? Today, the editor of the provincial many decoration network will come to share with you some good methods. The best propagation time: rubber tree is the best to propagate in spring and summer.

The best growth soil: the cultivation of rubber trees should use loose, water-permeable rotten-leaf soil. The usual ratio is garden soil: rotten soil: sand at 2:2:1. It is best to place moss with the same size as the basin above the bonsai, which is beautiful on the one hand and plays a good role in drainage and ventilation on the other.

Growth humidity requirements: when you feel the basin soil with your hands, you should adopt the principle of "dry and wet". Don't water it often, it must be thoroughly watered. Too much watering will cause the root system to rot and cause its leaves to fall. In the middle of summer, water can be sprayed on the leaves during the dry period to keep the leaves moist. Watering should be reduced in autumn and winter. The optimum growth temperature: the optimum temperature of rubber tree is 20-25 ℃, it is resistant to high temperature, and it can grow well when the temperature is above 30 ℃. The rubber tree is not cold-resistant and the safe overwintering temperature is 5 ℃. The cold tolerance of variegated leaf varieties is slightly poor, and the overwintering temperature is best maintained above 8 ℃. When the temperature is low, a large number of fallen leaves will be produced. The best growth light: rubber trees like bright scattered light and have a certain ability to withstand shade. Can not bear the exposure of strong sunlight, when the light is too strong, it will burn the leaves and appear yellowing and scorched leaves. Should not be too overcast, otherwise it will cause a large number of fallen leaves and dilute the beautiful patches of variegated varieties. From May to September, shade should be provided, or the plant should be placed in a place with sufficient scattered light. The rest of the time should be given plenty of sunshine. Matters needing attention for breeding rubber trees: apply fertilizer: rubber trees grow rapidly and should be supplied with nutrients in time to make the plants grow vigorously. Nitrogen-based fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times a month. Because of the slow growth, the species with colored markings can reduce the number of fertilization and increase the application of potash fertilizer to make the speckle color on the leaf surface bright. If excessive or simple application of nitrogen fertilizer, the color of the markings will become lighter, or even disappear. In September, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and only phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to improve the cold resistance of the plant. Plant dormancy in winter, fertilizer should be stopped. Watering essentials: rubber trees like the moist soil environment, during the growth period should fully supply water, keep the basin soil moist. Watering needs to be controlled in winter. when the basin soil is too wet at low temperature, it will easily lead to root rot. Main points of propagation: rubber trees are commonly used for cutting propagation. It is best to carry out in spring and summer, choose the branches of the upper part of the plant, which are 20 cm long, take root 30 days after cutting, and pot in 50 days.

Pruning essentials: when the rubber tree plant grows to 1 meter high, it needs to be topped off to promote branching and keep the tree shape graceful. When pruning in spring, remove the bifurcated branches, introverted branches, withered branches and weak branches inside the crown, and truncate the branches protruding from the crown, so as to make the interior of the plant ventilated and light permeable and keep the tree shape round. If the crown is too large, the outer branches can be truncated as a whole. Dense branches and short truncated branches should be removed at any time during growth.

Pot soil replacement: after the rubber tree seedlings are potted, the pot must be changed every spring, and the adult plant can change the pot every 2-3 years to increase the fertile soil. Pest control: rubber trees are easy to suffer from anthracnose, and its pathogen is Microsporum. The disease mainly occurs in the summer high temperature season, and the main affected part is the leaf. Its symptom is that there are round or oval gray spots on both sides of the leaf vein, and in severe cases, the disease spot is connected and extends to the whole leaf. Control methods: combined with pruning, remove diseased branches, diseased leaves and withered shoots, and reduce pathogens. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 70% methyl topiramate 1200 times solution can be sprayed. Experience of cultivating rubber trees:

1. The rubber tree bonsai should generally be placed in a ventilated and transparent place with a certain space humidity, insufficient sunlight, poor ventilation and no certain space humidity, which can easily make the plant yellow and dry, leading to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and even death. Hevea brasiliensis is a non-cold-tolerant plant, and in the northern region, it is usually maintained and managed in the greenhouse in winter.

2. The basin usually needs to be turned once every two years, and the sandy loam with fertile, loose and good drainage is preferred. The matrix can be prepared with garden soil, rotten leaf soil, plain sand and other materials.