Study on hydroponic culture technology of cycad bonsai

Cycad has high ornamental value and economic value, and is deeply loved by people in China and the world. It is widely cultivated in China and the world, and can be used to decorate gardens, conference venues, hotels, homes and so on. In recent years, with the expansion of the demand for environment-friendly indoor greening decorative plants, hydroponic technology is more and more widely used in flower cultivation. On the basis of many years' research on hydroponic flower product development and hydroponic technology, the research experiment on hydroponic technology of cycad bonsai has been carried out, and some results have been achieved. Hydroponic cycad can not only appreciate its stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, but also appreciate the growing root system, which adds luster to the changing flowers; at the same time, it also has unique ornamental, cleanliness and convenient maintenance, which makes it beyond the limitation of potted space in the past.

In order to improve the yield of hydroponic culture of cycad bonsai, shorten the production cycle and reduce the production cost, the potted cycad of 50~80cm was used as the female parent to cultivate hydroponic products. First, the potted cycads were removed and rooting, and then they were placed in the non-test tube fast-growing seedling bed to promote roots. After the developed length 3~5cm roots were cultured, the plants were floated in the hydroponic bed to induce mutation, and then the aquatic roots of 10~15cm were cultivated to form the hydroponic products of cycads.

1. Non-test-tube rapid propagation facilities

Generally in greenhouse or greenhouse, non-test tube rapid propagation nursery bed and hydroponic nursery bed were constructed according to the ratio of root area to hydroponic culture area of 1 ∶ 2 / 4. The standardized nursery bed requires that the bed body is smooth and clean without dirt, the walkway is flat without stagnant water, and the bed body and walkway are scraped and smooth with cement. The nursery bed is made of brick with a width of 1.2m and a length of 15m, the edge of the bed is high 20~25cm, and the aisle between the beds is generally 50~80cm. The design of the seedbed is convenient for operation, management and environmental control. In the process of construction, we should focus on the following:

1.1 Construction of intelligent fog system

In the process of root stimulation, the maintenance of water balance and the creation of high humidity environment are the key. Scientific water supply should be based on the intelligent fog system, which will automatically turn on the fog system for environmental humidification when the environmental humidity decreases; automatically turn off when moisture and humidity are appropriate. The intelligent fog system is mainly composed of intelligent controller, sensor, solenoid valve, water pump and all levels of pipes.

In the process of production, the sensor accurately senses the changes of air humidity and matrix moisture, transmits the collected data to the intelligent controller for operation and issues execution instructions, and opens or closes the executive components composed of solenoid valves and pressurized water pumps. these components which use electricity as the starting signal can be accurately controlled according to computer instructions. Through the fog system, the optimization of air humidity, air temperature and substrate humidity can be achieved. These factors are the most important environmental factors in the process of rooting. Scientific design and accurate implementation are needed in construction in order to cultivate plants with developed roots.

1.2 selection of seedbed substrate

The matrix of the root-promoting seedling bed system should follow the principles of drainage, ventilation and no pollution. therefore, the coarse-grained perlite with good and stable physical and chemical properties is usually selected as the substrate to produce perlite root bed (see figure 1). Only these substrates can ensure good drainage, air permeability and anti-pollution in the high humidity environment, and the soil containing organic matter should not be used.

1.3 Pipeline erection and sprinkler installation

Humidity is the most important factor in the process of root induction. Therefore, the construction of the fog system for humidity maintenance must be good and thoughtful, with no dripping and no dead angles. a spray pipe is usually set up at a height of 0.7-1m from the bed surface, and the nozzle is drilled at an equal distance of 0.8-1m. Pipe materials can choose different specifications of PVC plastic pipe, sprinkler can choose centrifugal plastic sprinkler with good atomization.

If we want to realize the annual production, we need to combine the artificial heating technology in the cold winter season, and generally use the combination of small arch shed plastic film heating and air heating hot line heating, which is more energy-saving and effective. During the implementation, air heating lines are arranged in parallel in the small arch shed, of course, the greenhouse with conditions is better to use hot air stove for large space heating, this method consumes a lot of energy, but it has good stability after the temperature rises.

2. Hydroponic mutagenesis facilities

The root system induced by non-test tube rapid propagation is adventitious root system with well-developed parenchyma tissue, which has strong aquatic characteristics, which lays a physiological foundation for entering the hydroponic mutagenesis seedling bed to form ventilatory tissue.

The hydroponic mutagenesis nursery bed needs to cover the bottom with cement without leakage, and set aside a liquid discharge outlet at the bottom near one end of the liquid return tank, which is not only the outlet of circulating reflux, but also the discharge outlet for the thorough removal of waste liquid, it should be slightly lower than the seedling bed. The nursery bed should not be used immediately after the nursery bed is built, especially the induction pond, because the nursery bed made of cement has strong alkalinity, it should be soaked in water for at least 15 days before it can be put into use.

The construction of the water bed (see figure 2) is the same as the root nursery bed, that is, the medium is replaced by water, which has a large specific heat, which can maintain the stability of the temperature, and it is easy to create an anaerobic environment in the water. In addition, a floating plate is used in the part of the fixed plant to physically isolate and seal the water surface, which is more conducive to the creation of temperature and dissolved oxygen environment.

The key point of the construction of this floating deep liquid water culture bed is the design of the planting plate and the layout of the oxygen enrichment system. Different oxygen enrichment methods can be used in different oxygen enrichment systems. at present, there are three oxygen enrichment methods: water circulation method, aeration method and gas-liquid mixing method.

(1) Water cycle method. In the process of water cycle oxygen enrichment, the falling jet at the inlet and backwater is mainly used to increase oxygen, and the liquid is fed into one end of the seedling bed to make the liquid inlet pipe higher than the surface of the water surface 20~30cm to form the drop of water flow to increase oxygen; at the return place at the other end, the water falls and splashes back to the liquid storage tank. This kind of water cycle can not only increase oxygen, but also take away root exudates, slow down the poisoning of some plant root exudates, and also play a role in the balance of nutrient fluid agitation.

(2) aeration. Aeration is to inflate bubbles into the water so as to achieve the purpose of increasing dissolved oxygen in the water. This method is simple, but inefficient, and the amount of air in air bubbles dissolved by water is very limited, but it is also a practical and easy-to-operate method. As long as the aerated sand heads are arranged at a certain distance in the hydroponic nursery bed, and then connected to the inflatable pump. Automatically turn on the bubble oxygenation when you need to increase oxygen.

(3) gas-liquid mixing method. It is a method of increasing oxygen with the highest dissolved oxygen efficiency at present. the key is that it can dissolve air or oxygen into micron bubbles into water, and it can realize supersaturated dissolved oxygen at normal pressure and room temperature. the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water has a saturation value, once it reaches the saturation value, even if the oxygen enrichment system is turned on continuously, it can no longer improve the dissolved oxygen. After using the gas-liquid mixing method, the dissolved oxygen can be supersaturated, which can exceed the saturated dissolved oxygen value at the same temperature by several times. Pure oxygen is often used in production, and the oxygen output from the cylinder is decompressed and fed into the gas-liquid mixing pump, making the output oxygen into micron bubbles dissolved into the water. This method can be used in the production of superoxygen water or oxygen-rich water, and the dissolved oxygen in the water can reach the predetermined required value in a short time, and the efficiency is extremely high.

No matter which method is used to increase oxygen, the key is to achieve the gradient linear decrease of dissolved oxygen value. in this process, the transition from quantitative change to qualitative change is gradually realized, and the qualitative change caused by quantitative change occurs in plants, that is, the formation of ventilatory tissue.

When the dissolved oxygen is lower than the predetermined variable, the computer will automatically turn on the above oxygen enrichment system to increase oxygen, and turn off automatically when the parameter value is reached, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and accuracy, and is the best method for controlling dissolved oxygen in root zone environment. This constitutes an aquatic mutagenic seedbed with controllable dissolved oxygen. In addition to the change of dissolved oxygen caused by oxygen enrichment, other influencing factors are in a relatively stable state, and it is easy to realize the digital control of dissolved oxygen. Gradient reduction.

3. Hydroponic production technology of cycad.

3.1 Pretreatment of maternal parents

The cycad bonsai which meets the requirements was selected and foliar sprayed with 1 ‰ urea about 7 days before hydroponic production (urea has the effect of fast absorption of plants and promoting the growth of new roots). The purpose of this is to keep cycads in good growth condition, help to enhance their photosynthetic performance, promote the accumulation of nutrients in the body, and lay a good foundation for promoting the development of new roots.

3.2 Root mutagenesis

The main results are as follows: (1) the pretreated cycad bonsai is removed from the basin and the whole root is washed. Pay attention to protect the leaves and new buds from damage in the process of removing the basin and washing, so as not to affect the shape and beauty in the future.

(2) the root system was completely cut off with branch shears, leaving only a small amount of fibrous root at the top of the root base, so as to ensure the water absorption of the plant at the initial stage of root induction and improve the success rate of root induction. Note that the scissors used in the root cutting process should be sharp, the hands should be decisive, and the blunt knife will easily cause the root wound to enlarge and lead to infection; slow hand movement will consume operation time and increase the risk of plant dehydration.

(3) soak the cycad root base in the prepared 200x KMnO4 solution for 3 seconds and rinse it with clean water, that is, complete the disinfection and sterilization of the root and wound. Note that the soaking time must not be too long, because KMnO4 has a strong oxidation, contact for a long time, it is easy to kill the root base cells, resulting in the death of the whole plant.

The research summary of hydroponic culture technology of cycad bonsai mainly introduces the new technology of hydroponic culture of cycad bonsai. The hydroponic product of cycad bonsai is produced by plant non-test tube rapid propagation technology and plant aquatic mutagenesis technology. it has the advantages of fast production speed, good product stability and low production cost. the popularization of this technology can provide reference for the construction of large-scale clean production system of environment-friendly cycad bonsai. Keywords cycad; hydroponic culture; non-test tube rapid propagation; aquatic mutagenesis cycad has high ornamental value and economic value, is deeply loved by people in China and the world, and is widely cultivated in China and the world. It can be used to decorate gardens, conference venues, hotels, homes and so on. In recent years, with the expansion of the demand for environment-friendly indoor greening decorative plants, hydroponic technology is more and more widely used in flower cultivation. On the basis of many years' research on hydroponic flower product development and hydroponic technology, the research experiment on hydroponic technology of cycad bonsai has been carried out, and some results have been achieved. Hydroponic cycad can not only appreciate its stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, but also appreciate the growing root system, which adds luster to the changing flowers; at the same time, it also has unique ornamental, cleanliness and convenient maintenance, which makes it beyond the limitation of potted space in the past. In order to improve the yield of hydroponic culture of cycad bonsai, shorten the production cycle and reduce the production cost, the potted cycad of 50~80cm was used as the female parent to cultivate hydroponic products. First, the potted cycads were removed and rooting, and then they were placed in the non-test tube fast-growing seedling bed to promote roots. After the developed length 3~5cm roots were cultured, the plants were floated in the hydroponic bed to induce mutation, and then the aquatic roots of 10~15cm were cultivated to form the hydroponic products of cycads. 1 non-test-tube rapid propagation facilities are generally in greenhouse or greenhouse, and non-test-tube rapid propagation seedbeds and hydroponic seedbeds are constructed according to the ratio of root-stimulating area to hydroponic culture area of 1 ∶ 2 / 4. The standardized nursery bed requires that the bed body is smooth and clean without dirt, the walkway is flat without stagnant water, and the bed body and walkway are scraped and smooth with cement. The nursery bed is made of brick with a width of 1.2m and a length of 15m, the edge of the bed is high 20~25cm, and the aisle between the beds is generally 50~80cm. The design of the seedbed is convenient for operation, management and environmental control. In the process of construction, we should focus on the following contents: 1.1 during the construction of the intelligent fog system, the maintenance of water balance and the creation of a high humidity environment are the key to the construction of the intelligent fog system. Scientific water supply should be based on the intelligent fog system. When the environmental humidity decreases, it will automatically open the fog system for environmental humidification; when moisture and humidity are suitable, it will automatically turn off. The intelligent fog system is mainly composed of intelligent controller, sensor, solenoid valve, water pump and all levels of pipes. In the process of production, the sensor accurately senses the changes of air humidity and matrix moisture, transmits the collected data to the intelligent controller for operation and issues execution instructions, and opens or closes the executive components composed of solenoid valves and pressurized water pumps. these components which use electricity as the starting signal can be accurately controlled according to computer instructions. Through the fog system, the optimization of air humidity, air temperature and substrate humidity can be achieved. These factors are the most important environmental factors in the process of rooting. Scientific design and accurate implementation are needed in construction in order to cultivate plants with developed roots. 1.2 the selection of the substrate of the nursery bed system should follow the principles of drainage, ventilation and non-pollution. therefore, the coarse-grained perlite with good physical and chemical properties is usually selected as the substrate to produce perlite root bed (see figure 1). Only these substrates can ensure good drainage, air permeability and anti-pollution in the high humidity environment, and the soil containing organic matter should not be used. 1.3 humidity is the most important factor in the process of pipe erection and sprinkler installation. Therefore, the construction of the fog system for humidity maintenance must be good and thoughtful, with no dripping and no dead angles. a spray pipe is usually set up at a height of 0.7-1m from the bed surface, and the nozzle is drilled at an equal distance of 0.8-1m. Pipe materials can choose different specifications of PVC plastic pipe, sprinkler can choose centrifugal plastic sprinkler with good atomization. If we want to realize the annual production, we need to combine the artificial heating technology in the cold winter season, and generally use the combination of small arch shed film heating and air heating hot line heating, which is more energy-saving and effective. During the implementation, air heating lines are arranged in parallel in the small arch shed, of course, the greenhouse with conditions is better to use hot air stove for large space heating, this method consumes a lot of energy, but it has good stability after the temperature rises. (2) the root system induced by hydroponic mutagenesis facility through non-test tube rapid propagation is adventitious root system with well-developed parenchyma tissue, which has strong aquatic characteristics, which lays a physiological foundation for entering the hydroponic mutagenic bed to form ventilatory tissue. The hydroponic mutagenesis nursery bed needs to cover the bottom with cement without leakage, and set aside a liquid discharge outlet at the bottom near one end of the liquid return tank, which is not only the outlet of circulating reflux, but also the discharge outlet for the thorough removal of waste liquid, it should be slightly lower than the seedling bed. The nursery bed should not be used immediately after the nursery bed is built, especially the induction pond, because the nursery bed made of cement has strong alkalinity, it should be soaked in water for at least 15 days before it can be put into use. The construction of the water bed (see figure 2) is the same as the root nursery bed, that is, the medium is replaced by water, which has a large specific heat, which can maintain the stability of the temperature, and it is easy to create an anaerobic environment in the water. In addition, a floating plate is used in the part of the fixed plant to physically isolate and seal the water surface, which is more conducive to the creation of temperature and dissolved oxygen environment. The key point of the construction of this floating deep liquid water culture bed is the design of the planting plate and the layout of the oxygen enrichment system. Different oxygen enrichment methods can be used in different oxygen enrichment systems. at present, there are three oxygen enrichment methods: water circulation method, aeration method and gas-liquid mixing method. (1) Water cycle method. In the process of water cycle oxygen enrichment, the falling jet at the inlet and backwater is mainly used to increase oxygen, and the liquid is fed into one end of the seedling bed to make the liquid inlet pipe higher than the surface of the water surface 20~30cm to form the drop of water flow to increase oxygen; at the return place at the other end, the water falls and splashes back to the liquid storage tank. This kind of water cycle can not only increase oxygen, but also take away root exudates, slow down the poisoning of some plant root exudates, and also play a role in the balance of nutrient fluid agitation. (2) aeration. Aeration is to inflate bubbles into the water so as to achieve the purpose of increasing dissolved oxygen in the water. This method is simple, but inefficient, and the amount of air in air bubbles dissolved by water is very limited, but it is also a practical and easy-to-operate method. As long as the aerated sand heads are arranged at a certain distance in the hydroponic nursery bed, and then connected to the inflatable pump. Automatically turn on the bubble oxygenation when you need to increase oxygen. (3) gas-liquid mixing method. It is a method of increasing oxygen with the highest dissolved oxygen efficiency at present. the key is that it can dissolve air or oxygen into micron bubbles into water, and it can realize supersaturated dissolved oxygen at normal pressure and room temperature. the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water has a saturation value, once it reaches the saturation value, even if the oxygen enrichment system is turned on continuously, it can no longer improve the dissolved oxygen. After using the gas-liquid mixing method, the dissolved oxygen can be supersaturated, which can exceed the saturated dissolved oxygen value at the same temperature by several times. Pure oxygen is often used in production, and the oxygen output from the cylinder is decompressed and fed into the gas-liquid mixing pump, making the output oxygen into micron bubbles dissolved into the water. This method can be used in the production of superoxygen water or oxygen-rich water, and the dissolved oxygen in the water can reach the predetermined required value in a short time, and the efficiency is extremely high. No matter which method is used to increase oxygen, the key is to achieve the gradient linear decrease of dissolved oxygen value. in this process, the transition from quantitative change to qualitative change is gradually realized, and the qualitative change caused by quantitative change occurs in plants, that is, the formation of ventilatory tissue. When the dissolved oxygen is lower than the predetermined variable, the computer will automatically turn on the above oxygen enrichment system to increase oxygen, and turn off automatically when the parameter value is reached, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and accuracy, and is the best method for controlling dissolved oxygen in root zone environment. This constitutes an aquatic mutagenic seedbed with controllable dissolved oxygen. In addition to the change of dissolved oxygen caused by oxygen enrichment, other influencing factors are in a relatively stable state, and it is easy to realize the digital control of dissolved oxygen. Gradient reduction. 3 Cycas hydroponic production technology 3.1 Cycas bonsai which meets the requirements was selected by female parent pretreatment, and foliar spraying with 1 ‰ urea was carried out about 7 days before hydroponic culture production (urea has the effect of fast absorption of plants and promoting new root growth). The purpose of this is to keep cycads in good growth condition, help to enhance their photosynthetic performance, promote the accumulation of nutrients in the body, and lay a good foundation for promoting the development of new roots. 3.2 Root mutagenesis (1) the pretreated cycad bonsai was removed from the basin and washed clean. Pay attention to protect the leaves and new buds from damage in the process of removing the basin and washing, so as not to affect the shape and beauty in the future. (2) the root system was completely cut off with branch shears, leaving only a small amount of fibrous root at the top of the root base, so as to ensure the water absorption of the plant at the initial stage of root induction and improve the success rate of root induction. Note that the scissors used in the root cutting process should be sharp, the hands should be decisive, and the blunt knife will easily cause the root wound to enlarge and lead to infection; slow hand movement will consume operation time and increase the risk of plant dehydration. (3) soak the cycad root base in the prepared 200x KMnO4 solution for 3 seconds and rinse it with clean water, that is, complete the disinfection and sterilization of the root and wound. Note that the soaking time must not be too long, because KMnO4 has a strong oxidation, contact for a long time, it is easy to kill the root base cells, resulting in the death of the whole plant. 1 [2] the full text of the original. How to grow flowers in spring?

Spring is the season of recovery of all things. In such a beautiful season, there must be many beautiful people who go to the flower market to buy one or two pots of their favorite flowers to decorate their beloved rooms. In the spring breeze, the flower gradually stretches its lazy waist and releases the green that has been oppressed for a long time. I believe that it will not only bring you the wind and gorgeous scene of spring, but also bring you some surprise and longing every day. Although the flowers are beautiful, they need to be cared for. Only under your careful care can the flowers blossom more beautifully and bring you greater harvest.

Spring returns to the earth, and the temperature rises gradually, but the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are still in the alternating period of winter and spring, and sometimes there will be chilly weather in spring. Therefore, we should not only be prepared to "go out" of cold potted flowers, but also strengthen the maintenance and management of other potted flowers.

What kind of flowers should be raised in spring?

Peach blossoms, begonia, pear blossoms, Magnolia, Tripterygium, forsythia, Huangxin and most camellias are in full bloom. Chunlan, Ruixiang, crab claw orchid, Yingchun, tea plum, wax plum and so on withered one after another. The famous camellias, which are in full bloom, can be moved to the ventilated part of the window and moved to a warm place outside for shelter at night. However, in case of cold weather, spray 800 times of the new high-fat film liquid to enhance cold resistance, and move into the room, which can prolong the flowering period.

1. Rich bamboo

Liliaceae is an evergreen upright shrub, which is very suitable for indoor hydroponic flowers. The leaves of Fugui bamboo are green, the stems are straight and round like bamboo. Leaves ovate, apex pointed, petiole base clasping. It is a very shade-tolerant plant. It still grows well and is tall and strong under weak light conditions. Can be placed indoors for a long time to watch the leaves, do not need special maintenance, as long as there is enough water, it can grow vigorously. When hydroponic culture, the rich bamboo stem will be cut into small segments of more than 20 cm as cuttings in water, as long as the cuttings can be soaked in water, they can take root and survive.

2. Hanging orchid

Perennial evergreen persistent-rooted herbaceous flowers of the family Liliaceae having clusters of leaves linear with longitudinal yellow-and-white stripes on the margin or in the middle. In summer and autumn, slender, flexible and drooping stolons are drawn from the leaves, tender leaves and aerial roots germinate at the top or nodes, and white flowers bloom. The orchid can be raised in indoor water, which can not only purify the air, but also has the advantages of beautiful appearance and simple management. Dig out the potted orchid, go to the root soil, cut off the old root and rotten root, leave the fibrous root, put it in a container bottle, fill the bottle with water and flower nutrient solution, and let the root of the orchid grow in water.

3. Asparagus

Perennial evergreen herbaceous flowers of the genus Liliaceae. The stem is thin and weak, and the branches are slender and leafy, spreading horizontally. The flowers are small and white. Berries globose, black. After the fruit is ripe, it shows a little red in the thick green cluster, elegant and lovely. Plant strong negative tolerance, placed at the head of the bed, table case, elegant and generous, is a good indoor flower. Asparagus is also an ideal foil material for cut flowers. In recent years, water-raised asparagus has been successfully developed, which is even more elegant in the room.

4. African chrysanthemum

Compositae perennial root herbs, large flower diameter, rich flowers and colors, often blooming all the year round. Like warm, sunny and well-ventilated environment, is a semi-cold-resistant flowers, like fertile and loose. African chrysanthemum is a good variety of cut flowers, which can be cultured in water for a long time and highly ornamental, and it is also a good hand at absorbing formaldehyde.

5. Hyacinth

Also known as foreign daffodils, belongs to the hyacinth genus of Liliaceae, perennial herbs, bulb spherical or oblate, outer coat flag is purplish blue or white, etc., basal leaves, leaves thick, banded lanceolate. Flower stem extracted from the middle of the leaf stem, raceme, flower appearance delicate, colorful, dazzling, pleasant fragrance. Sex likes a sunny and cool and humid environment, which is not only suitable for potted plants, but also suitable for water culture. When cultured in water, the bulb is placed in hydroponic nutrient solution with clean appearance and strong ornamental.

Second, what kind of work should be done to grow flowers in spring?

1. Prepare for "leaving the room"

Starting from late March, when the weather gradually gets warmer, the windows can be opened during the day for several days (7 to 10 days), so that these cold potted flowers living in the room can directly accept the outdoor sun and air, making them gradually adapt to the external environment. After that, on cloudy and rainy days, some flowers with stronger cold tolerance, such as cycads, rubber trees, jasmine, Chunlan, Zhu Dinghong, calla lilies, mulberry, cyclamen, etc., are moved outside and placed in a warm place. If there is a cold and low temperature at night, you should still move back indoors to take shelter from the cold, and still put it outside the next day.

Another method of "getting out of the room" is to move the above-mentioned cold potted flowers out of the room for one to two hours a day from the end of the day, and then move back indoors. After 5 to 7 days of moving in and out, I finally put it outside on a rainy day. For Brazilian wood, rich trees, all kinds of evergreen flowers and leaves, which have poor ability to keep out of the cold, it is appropriate to "leave the room" from late April to early May. If there are many potted flowers in the family, they can be treated differently before and after the Qingming Festival, and "go out of the room" in batches.

2. Early spring management

For the pot flowers soon after coming out of the house and the cold-resistant pot flowers originally placed outside, pruning and pruning, turning the pot and changing the soil should be done in time before germination and growth. In addition to turning the pot to change the soil, the magnolia, Baizhilian and lotus that bloom in May should all be fertilized once and sprayed with flower Zhuangtiling solution to make it blossom at that time. Spring and plum blossoms should be pruned after blossom. In addition to cutting off withered branches, disease and insect branches, over-weak branches and over-dense branches, annual branches should be strongly cut at 2 m / m 3, which can make the germinated new branches stout and bloom densely. Kumquat should undergo a heavy pruning before sprouting in spring, first removing cross branches, introverted branches, disease and insect branches and withered and weak branches, and then pruning the remaining branches according to the principle of weak pruning of strong branches and strong pruning of weak branches, usually leaving 5 buds of sturdy annual branches and 2-3 buds of ordinary branches, which can promote multiple sturdy spring shoots and facilitate flowering. Do a good job in turning the pots of rhododendron, spring, plum blossom, camellia, Daphne and other flowers and evergreen broad-leaved trees. The pot of rose is the most suitable at this time, and the pot-planted lotus is the best in late March.

3. Reproduction work

The cuttage seedlings that can be raised in March are Luohansong, pomegranate, Fusang, Yingchun, poinsettia, Tamarix, grape, ivy, silver willow, firethorn and so on. The cutting rod incision can be trimmed with new high-fat membrane mother solution to prevent bacteria from invading. (note: do not wrap it with plastic anymore). The flowers that can be sown or planted in late March are poinsettia, cockscomb, wind fairy, sunflower, wild goose red, thousand-day red, canna, dahlia, gladiolus and gentleman orchid and other flowers. The seeds can be treated with new high-fat membrane.

Matters needing attention for family flower cultivation in spring

1. Move the basin

In general, flowers and green plants are planted in pots when they are purchased, and it is best to plant them in the original pot after taking them home, and do not move the pot easily, especially at this time, when the weather is suddenly warm and cold, many plant roots are deeper, and as soon as you move the pot, it will cause the flower root to absorb nutrients unfavourably, resulting in plant death. When buying, we should also pay attention to whether the potted flowers have been moved when they are sold. Generally, the soil that has not been moved is hard and caked, while the soil that has been moved is scattered. Of course, some flowers have been planted for many years, and you can choose to move the pot from March to April, because the climatic conditions of these two months are conducive to the survival and growth of flowers.

2. Watering

Ornamental fruit plants, such as bergamot and kumquat, should not only keep the potted soil moist, but also spray water on leaves, buds and fruits, so as to make their leaves green, flower buds expand rapidly and fruits colorful. Buy back the Cymbidium and poinsettia cultivated in the greenhouse, because the temperature and humidity in the original environment is very different from that in the family, if you do not spray water on the leaves often, it will often cause the leaves to shrink and dry. For all kinds of pineapple flowers, such as Geely Star and Gao Hongxing, if the room temperature is lower than 10 to 15 degrees, not only watering should be controlled, but also too much water should not be injected into the leaf tube to prevent heart damage.

3. Fertilization

Camellia, tea plum, rhododendron, gentleman orchid, red plum, cymbidium, etc., as long as the room temperature is not less than 15 degrees, compound fertilizer can be applied once in 15 to 20 days. All forms of topdressing should be stopped for tree stumps and potted foliage plants that have entered a dormant state.

4. Pruning

From March to April, for potted ornamental plants, the withered branches and yellow leaves and the branches and leaves infected with diseases and insect pests should be cut off together and destroyed. Some varieties, such as rubber trees, happiness trees, etc., need to "hit the head", that is, cut off the tallest tender head, the length of which is two or three centimeters, and the section can be disinfected with pot bottom ash after cutting.

5. Guard against cold

Because it is still warm and cold season, according to different ornamental plant species can bear the lower temperature to determine the potted plants shelved on the balcony, before the cold wave, must move into the indoor to avoid the cold, or directly above the plant to build a double-layer plastic shed to protect against the cold.

6. Disease and pest control

Shell insects and whitefly on potted plants should be wiped off with a wet cloth in time, while aphids on potted plants can be killed with tobacco (shredded) soaking water.

Flowers can make people feel happy, and beautiful flowers are more pleasing to the eye. Take good care of those flowers.

Fourth, the common sense of growing flowers in spring

1. Flowers and plants grow vigorously in spring, with large evaporation and high consumption, so water and fertilizer should be kept up; when the basin soil is dry and cracked, it should be watered in time; fertilizer should be applied once a week or half a month; and the soil should be loosened before watering and fertilization.

2. After winter, withered branches and fallen leaves should be pruned in time, and pillars and bindings should be added to some vines and flowers in time, so that the branches and leaves are evenly distributed and ventilated.

3. Evergreen flowers are most likely to survive by changing pots before sending leaves, so choose to change pots or put on pots on cloudy days.

4. Pests should be killed in time, especially when aphids occur.

5. Spring is a good time for flower breeding. Flowers that bloom in summer and autumn should be sown in time, bulbous flowers should be planted in time, and perennial flowers should be cut.

Finally, I would like to give you a "recipe for growing flowers in spring".

The greenhouse is getting warmer in early spring, and the window ventilation should be slow.

Open the window at noon and close at night to prevent the temperature difference from being too wide.

Potted flowers should come out of the greenhouse for the first time when the temperature is stable.

Spring gentle help flowers grow, negative flowers also need to bask in the sun.

When you first come out of the greenhouse, you are afraid of the dry wind. Don't forget to build the greenhouse on windy days.

Potted flowers are watered with spring water for the first time, and too much water is easy to "support" and destroy.

Nitrogen fertilizer should be added to promote budding, and it is safest to avoid strong and light nitrogen fertilizer.

If potted flowers are to grow well, it is most important to change pots in early spring.

Do not delay transplanting and changing pots before dormancy and recovery of flowers and trees.

If flowers bloom in early spring, change pots should wait for flowers to bloom and fail.

Stop watering before changing the basin, and the soil in the basin is not fragile.

Change the pot for planting flowers, and cut the old roots properly.

It is ideal to plant flowers in sunset, such as sunset in sunny days.

Do not apply fertilizer to newly planted flowers and trees, and avoid pouring water immediately.

During the slow seedling period, the soil is too wet, the root is easy to rot and the whole plant dies.

Do not hesitate to prune the potted plant, and remove all the branches and leaves that hinder the beauty.

In order to promote the early differentiation of flower buds, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer to increase phosphorus and potassium.

Egg shell fish-scale chicken duck feathers, mature application of pregnant flowers.

Urge the flower season to water carefully, too wet and dry is easy to drop buds.

Do not apply fertilizer during flowering, basin soil slightly wet avoid flood.

The plant is close to the germination stage, and cutting grafting is the most suitable.

The ground temperature is stable and frost-free, and it is appropriate for flower sowing.

Sowing and covering the soil should be careful, equivalent to three times the depth of the seed.

If you want the seedlings to grow well, shading and moisturizing is the most important.