What code do biological dogs use to identify themselves?

When it comes to peas, literary friends may think of a pea princess or Guan Hanqing's copper peas, and the first reaction of most students and industrial dogs will definitely be yellow, round and green wrinkles.

Fear dominated by 9, 3, 3, 3, 1. Picture: slideplayer.com

Why did Mr. Mendel, the father of genetics, accurately select peas as experimental materials in the first place? Rationally, it is because peas have a short growth cycle, obvious relative traits, and almost completely strict self-pollination, which is very suitable for genetic research; perceptually, the rotation of the wheel of fate always brings prepared people forward. Mr. Mendel's "time has come", observation, thinking and a little luck helped him open the door to the mysteries of genetics.

Mr. Mendel's gaze. Picture: wikipedia

Familiar and unfamiliar peas

Although a large number of pea-related topics were done almost every day in high school, familiar with such traits as tall plants, round wrinkled grains, yellow green grains, and so on, not many people have seen pea plants in their lives. If you have noticed that Jack planted magic beans to grow "pea vines" while reading fairy tales, even if you have not seen pea plants, you will know that peas are climbing vines.

It takes a shelf to grow peas. Picture: Bmdavll / wikipedia

Many climbing vines have a "tendrils" structure, although the sources of "tendrils" are different, but most of them look similar. Peas also have such "tendrils", and branched tendrils grow at the top of the leaf axis to help climb. The new leaves and tendrils of peas are delicate and translucent when they first grow, making it easy to come up with the idea of "what to do", so "fried pea tip" and "pea tip soup" soon appeared in the recipes of the working people. The tip of the pea tastes crisp and refreshing, but some people will find it a little fishy and not used to it.

According to the shape, pea tips are called asparagus in some places, so newly germinated pea seedlings are also called dragon beard seedlings, just like mung bean sprouts and soybean sprouts can be fried and eaten. When peas sprout, cotyledons are not unearthed like soybeans and mung beans, so pea seedlings look more "grass", and the cut part of pea seedlings is without beans, eating only the crispness of tender stems and the freshness and softness of tender leaves, so it is loved by many people.

Pea seedlings. Picture: amkhaseed.com

Pea fruit change

After eating the vines of peas, of course, the fruit can not be let go.

Picture: Rasbak / wikipedia

Most people's impression of peas should be green peas. This kind of pod, which is about the length and thickness of fingers, is wrapped in a variety of round beans, belonging to the type of "hard pod pea". The pods of this kind of peas are basically inedible, and they mainly eat the beans inside. Most of the raw materials used in the snack "garlic green beans", which are suitable for grinding teeth, are these green peas.

Twenty layers of velvet still reached the princess's spherical green pea. Picture: hemophiliafed.org

Green soybeans with a flat shape. Picture: splendidtable.org

If there is a "hard pod pea", there will naturally be a "soft pod pea". After breeding, this kind of pea no longer grows a tough "protective film" in the inner layer of the pod, so it tastes soft and tender without a sense of fiber, but the beans are relatively underdeveloped, and most of the time the whole pod is fried and eaten. Wait, did you think of something? These are Dutch beans!

Dutch beans, which do not grow inner pods and become very small, are also a kind of pea. Picture: Renee / wikipedia

Lentil seeds are bigger and flatter. Picture: Francisco Manuel Blanco / wikimedia

Are Dutch beans from Holland?

When it comes to Dutch beans, we have to talk about its name. In China, we call it "Dutch bean", which gives people the impression that it should be a kind of "Dutch bean" (by the way, the origin of pea is generally thought to be in West Asia and near the Mediterranean). But in fact, Dutch beans are not cultivated in the Netherlands.

There are many ways to say the name "Dutch bean". Personally, I think it is more reasonable to say that when the Dutch traveled all over the world in the 17th century, the flattened pea variety was brought to Taiwan from near Southeast Asia (another theory is that Dutch beans were cultivated by the Dutch in Taiwan at that time), which was called Dutch beans by the locals. Then the name was used when it was introduced into the mainland.

Dutch bean plant. Picture: Rasbak / wikimedia

It is strange that Dutch beans are called Chinese beans in the Netherlands. Most locals in the Netherlands call it "peultjes", while most English-speaking countries call it "snow pea", but they do see the name "Chinese pea" in these countries, but no one can give a reason for it.

The Dutch seldom eat Dutch beans, and Dutch beans are sold very little and expensive locally, so some people think that Dutch beans may be often seen in the local "Chinatown", which is why some people occasionally call them "Chinese pea". This argument sounds unconvincing, so let's listen to it this way.

Incidentally, Dutch beans are called "mangetout" in French, which comes from the French word "manger+tout", which means "eat-all", which means that this kind of pod can eat all the peas with skin. After Dutch beans, there are also other varieties of soft-pod peas with thicker and more crisp pods, many of which can also be called "mangetout", such as sweet crispy peas (snap pea) and sugar pod peas (sugar pod pea).

A variety of sweet crispy peas with thicker pods that can be eaten raw. Source: honestcooking.com

The names of all kinds of beans in the vegetable market have been very confused. in addition to lentils, they will be confused with peas in appearance, such as knife beans, kidney beans and so on. What's more, the same kind of beans have different names in different places, while different beans may have the same names in different places, such as kidney beans, green beans, beans, long beans and cowpeas. Depending on the region, it may refer to one or three kinds of beans, so it is not necessary to tangle with the names of beans.

Peas can also be potted.

However, it is necessary to distinguish between pea and sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus. Sweet pea plants have edible toxicity. If you pinch a section of sweet pea twigs and stir-fry pea seedlings, something will happen. Peas usually have white or purple flowers, and there are other more colorful colors, such as red, depending on the variety. Sweet pea is a kind of horticulture, and its plants and flowers are very similar to peas. Although its flowers have richer colors and fragrance, they are still not easy for ordinary people to recognize. So don't reach for food if you don't plant your own "peas".

If you like gardening and there are no children at home, I recommend planting some sweet peas to beautify the balcony or small garden. This plant is not difficult to take care of, proper pruning can also blossom continuously, rich in color and fragrance, unlike roses with thorns and difficult to pull out. If you want to grow peas directly, of course, but although the pea flowers are also very beautiful, but the number of flowers is not so considerable. But the advantage is that you can pinch tender strips to cook, the pods can also cook, peel some beans out can also send beans seedlings, is the best choice for foodie.

This is the 238th article in the fourth year of the species calendar, from the author of the species calendar @ ArcherEmiya.