Control methods of common diseases and insect pests of sunflower

Sunflower is an important economic crop in China, which is widely planted in China, but with the continuous expansion of its planting area, its diseases and insect pests are becoming more and more serious, seriously affecting the yield and quality of sunflower and causing economic losses to growers. So what are the diseases and insect pests that harm the yield and quality of sunflowers? Let's take a look at the pro-farm network.

1. Sclerotinia disease

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which often occurs in the period of low temperature and rain in spring. brown disease spots appear on the stems or leaves of sunflowers during the disease. With the development of the disease, the brown disease spots gradually spread to other parts. Finally, concentric rims are formed at the disease spots. In the moist environment, white hyphae and brown sclerotia appeared in the diseased spot. When the disease was serious, the plant withered, the diseased tissue decayed and easily broken, and there were black sclerotia inside.

Prevention and control methods: the main cause of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease is that the pathogen lurks through the winter in the soil or disease remains and seeds, and when the temperature rises in the coming year, it begins to reproduce in large numbers, spread by the wind, and finally invade the sunflower. Therefore, these measures should be taken during planting, such as deep disinfection of soil, centralized burning of diseased remains, disinfection and sterilization of seeds, reduction of pathogens, application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during planting, and increase plant disease resistance. when the disease occurs, it is treated with methyl thiophanate, Pythium wettable powder and other agents.

2. Verticillium wilt

Verticillium wilt mainly harms the adult sunflower, which mostly occurs in low-lying land and when the planting density is high, the leaf tip begins to fade when the disease occurs, then the whole leaf fades, and the leaves turn brown after yellowing. With the development of the disease, the seriously diseased plant leaves gradually withered and died, and white mildew appeared on the leaves in the environment of air humidity.

Control methods: similar to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pathogens overwinter in soil, disease remains and seeds, invading from wounds or young roots after sowing, and preventive measures are the same as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. It is found that the diseased plant should be cleared out of the field and burned in time, the disease hole should be disinfected, and if necessary, the root should be irrigated with 400 times of 20% verapamil EC, and the effect is good.

3. Rust

During the epidemic period, the fungal disease caused by sunflower rust can lead to a serious reduction in sunflower production, leaves, petioles, stems and sunflower plates can be infected, and a small number of spores pile up at the site of the disease, with the development of the disease, brown powder appears after spore rupture, resulting in black powder in the later stage, resulting in plant death.

Prevention and control methods: pathogens spend winter or summer on soil, diseased bodies and seeds, so preventive measures are similar to the former two, select varieties with strong disease resistance, strengthen management during planting, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, increase disease resistance, and burn diseased plants out of the field when they occur, and spray 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000-1500 times or 50% triadimefon EC 800 times.

4. Downy mildew

Downy mildew can occur in both seedlings and adults, and it is easy to occur in low temperature, high humidity, high soil moisture or continuous cropping land. When the disease occurs, the leaves begin to fade, and there is a white velvet mold layer on the back of the leaves, which leads to the slow growth and dwarfing of the plant. With the development of the disease, the chlorosis area expanded, the white velvet mold layer spread, the leaves became brown and dead in the later stage of the disease, and the plants lost their sunny performance, which often led to abnormal fruiting or empty culms.

Control methods: downy mildew is mainly bacteria latent in the seeds, after sowing, the temperature rises, the bacteria begin to propagate and invade. When planting, we must implement the method of rotation, select varieties with strong disease resistance, plant densely reasonably, find individual diseased plants, pull them out and burn them in the field in time, and spray 1000 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder or 64% alum M8 wettable powder in a large area.

The above are the common sunflower pest control methods brought by the pro-agricultural network. This is the end of the content about sunflower diseases and insect pests. If you want to know more, please pay attention to the pro-agricultural network.