Three minutes to finish the maintenance of bonsai seedlings and the control of diseases and insect pests

Bonsai plants are required to be particularly rigorous, careful and meticulous in maintenance due to the limitations of the nutritional area of planting containers and the special requirements of artistic modeling. The slightest carelessness may ruin the whole styling process. The basic requirements for the maintenance of bonsai plants are summarized as follows:

Change basin and soil

After bonsai plants are potted, because the potted soil growing at the root is limited, when growing for 2-3 years, the potted soil often appears barren and lack of fertilizer, structural hardening and saline-alkali accumulation, which makes the tree potential grow poorly, and the fibrous root tends to grow on the pot wall, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer and water. Therefore, it is necessary to change the soil to improve the growth environment of the underground part. In addition, with the growth of bonsai plants, not only through turning the basin to replace the appropriate size of the basin, but also in the landscape point of view should also take into account the appropriate requirements of the landscape basin.

The number of years to change the basin often depends on the growth of bonsai plants and the fertility and structure of potted soil, and it also depends on different tree species. General flower and fruit bonsai needs to be changed every 2-3 years because it consumes more nutrients for blooming and fruiting every year; pines and cypresses and most ancient pile bonsai can change pots every 3-5 years because they consume less nutrients; for some deciduous tree species with exuberant growth, it is appropriate to change pots every 2-3 years.

The time of turning basin and changing soil varies with different tree species. in general, pine and cypress and deciduous tree species with strong cold tolerance can be carried out in the Yangtze River basin in early autumn. after the recovery in autumn and winter, it is beneficial to the growth of the following spring and the next summer, but it can also be carried out in early spring.

Wash water

Water is an important condition for the survival, growth and development of bonsai plants. With water, plants can absorb nutrients dissolved in water from the soil and carry out photosynthesis normally. Therefore, watering is a very important link in the maintenance and management of bonsai plants.

Watering according to nature, differential treatment must be treated differently according to the water requirements of different plants, and be watered according to nature. For example, aquatic plants should grow in water and should not be dehydrated, especially during the growing period. "dry pine and wet cypress" is a typical agricultural proverb with a strong generalization of pine and cypress water demand habits in forestry, therefore, watering must first understand the water requirement habits of different plants, and then water them reasonably. Watering time and water quality should be carried out in the morning in winter and in the morning and evening in summer. Natural Rain Water is the best source of watering, no matter pollution-free river pond water. Well water and tap water should be used after 1 or 2 days of aeration in water storage tanks or ponds.

Timely watering, dry and wet this is the principle of watering most dryland plants in pots or bonsai plants. Timely watering can meet the water requirements of potted plant roots, a serious lack of water will lead to plant death due to water loss, even moderate water shortage can also affect the growth of bonsai plants. When watering, there are the basic requirements of "watering and watering". Some miniature or small bonsai are often watered in summer with the help of pots and pots, which can be taken out after being soaked thoroughly. The roots of plants need not only water, but also air. In addition to aquatic plants, if most plants are impregnated with water for a long time, they will suffocate and rot their roots to death. "interstem" means that there is a chance to breathe air into the soil environment where the roots of plants can grow. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the dialectical relationship between "dry" and "wet" in order to achieve the wet between the dry and the wet.

Fertilizer application

Bonsai plants have limited potted soil and few nutrients, so they must be supplemented by fertilization in order to make their growth and development normal, and keep their branches and leaves strong and fruitful. However, if used improperly or excessive, it is also easy to cause excessive growth or fat damage.

The choice of fertilizer for bonsai plants is often based on rotten organic fertilizer, such as cake fertilizer, bean dregs, bone meal, fish and shrimp scraps, especially sesame oil dregs dry powder. But sometimes it is easy to cause some insects such as ants, flies and moths or produce peculiar smell. in order to solve this problem, fully mature organic fertilizer must be used in the family, and granular fertilizer should be fully fermented to be hot, tasteless, brown and black. Liquid fertilizer should be fermented to be sour-free, odorless and brown. Some chemical fertilizers such as Dafeiwang, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate and urea can also be added to the organic fertilizer, and the concentration ratio can be slightly lower than that in the instructions. It is better to be thinner in summer to avoid fertilizer damage.

The method of application is usually granular fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer on the basin, small holes can also be made around the root, liquid fertilizer can be applied more, usually in the evening on a sunny day. Appropriate water should be deducted before fertilization, so that the effect of fertilization is the best after the soil is in a dry state. Prevent dirt and foliar when applying. Bonsai of flowers and fruits should be properly applied with more phosphorus and potash fertilizer during flower bud formation. In short, fertilization should be flexibly mastered due to time, soil, fertilizer and trees, so as to achieve the desired results. If the remedy of fertilizer damage occurs, it should be irrigated and diluted with water in time, and shading net should be covered in summer.

Ridge pruning

Bonsai is a living work of art, any bonsai masterpiece, if not pruned, plucked and other further plastic repair, will grow into a disorganized ugliness in a short period of time. Bonsai modeling must continue to adhere to years of unremitting plastic repair after shaping, in order to make bonsai bigger and more attractive, the older the more valuable, the more ancient, the more cultural value. Pruning, shaping and pruning is a regular maintenance work of forming bonsai, the purpose is to control the shape of the crown and maintain a beautiful landscape. The method of pruning varies with different tree species, and the shaping is comprehensive. Generally, foliage and pine and cypress trees are often pruned in April-May, evergreen broad-leaved trees can be pruned in June-July, deciduous trees can be pruned in all seasons, and trees that blossom and bear fruit on perennial branches should be pruned in early spring or autumn. It can also be used as auxiliary local pruning at other times. The long branches or standing buds sprouting during the growing period are cut off at any time, and the vigorous bonsai trees are often pruned several times a year.

The purpose of picking leaves is to regulate the growth potential of the plant. For some overgrown plants, the method of picking leaves is often used to restrain the growth of the plants, so that the branches and leaves become smaller and shorter, and the plant shape is more compact. Generally used for fast-growing species of young and middle-aged trees, such as black pine by picking leaves can achieve the purpose of shortening pine needles, elm by picking leaves can make the leaves smaller. This kind of leaf picking is mostly carried out after the growth of the branches stops and the leaves are ripe, so that new leaves can grow soon after picking. The second is to promote the sprouting of new leaves and improve the ornamental quality.

Summer management

The scorching sun, extreme temperature and dry air in summer are extremely disadvantageous to the growth of bonsai plants. in order to make bonsai plants safely through the summer, the following work should be done:

Use a shading net to regulate strong sun-positive plants, such as crape myrtle, without sunshade; a kind of bonsai tree species, especially small and medium-sized bonsai, should be covered with a 5cm-7cm shading net from 10:00 to 4pm and open from 4pm to 10:00 the next morning.

Water regulation is carried out in the morning and evening, only for watering or spraying near noon, not watering, mainly to increase air humidity. Miniature bonsai can be buried in the sand bed, watering together with the sand bed to prevent the basin soil from losing water. If there are many rainstorms in summer and there are no rain protection facilities, the stagnant water in the basin should be removed in time after the rain, especially the manger type and other large and medium-sized bonsai, and more attention should be paid to drainage.

In addition, we should also do a good job in fixing the basin to prevent typhoons from falling down.

Control of diseases and insect pests

Although bonsai plants are fine in maintenance and limited in number, and the damage of diseases and insect pests is less than that of potted or ground-planted flowers and trees, if the environmental light of planting is weak, the ventilation is poor, and the growth of the plant is weak, it will also produce diseases and insect pests of one kind or another. Don't take it lightly.

Common diseases common diseases of bonsai plants are: powdery mildew (crape myrtle, Artemisia angustifolia), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (serious ivy), root rot (tree stumps collected in the field such as elm and sparrow plum are easy to occur in the case of poor drainage). In addition, sunburn, rust, black spot, ring disease and so on also occur from time to time. The main methods of prevention and treatment are to remove the disease and reduce the source of infection, and the drug prevention and treatment refers to the relevant contents of flowers, shrubs, flowering trees and so on.

Although the common pest of bonsai plants is less, we should not be careless about its harmfulness.

The main damage to bonsai plants are leaf-eating pests. One is chewable mouthparts pests (such as diamondback moth, debt-avoiding moth, Platycladus orientalis, yellow leaf borer, omnivorous caterpillar, etc.), and the other is piercing mouthparts pests (such as various scale insects, aphids, military insects, etc.). Prevention and control methods, one is to pay attention to the protection of natural enemies, to control insects with insects; the second is to catch and kill artificially; the third is drug control, which can be referred to the relevant contents of flowers, shrubs, flowering trees and so on.

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