Planting, Propagation and cultivation techniques of Dutch Chrysanthemum

Dutch chrysanthemum is a perennial root herb with tufted stems, red, light blue to white flowers, colorful flowers and strong adaptability. It is originally from North America and is widely used in China. Dutch chrysanthemum used to be cultivated with potted flowers. In recent years, the author used ribbon plants in the park for the prospect of the flower border, planted on the side of the garden road and the periphery of the lawn, as a supplement to the flower scenery during the National Day, and accumulated some land planting experience.

Rapid propagation technology Dutch chrysanthemum can be propagated by sowing method, cutting method and split method. After the survival of sowing method and cutting method, it may need inter-seedling or transplant, which is more labor-consuming. The split-plant propagation method can not only achieve the renewal of the original plot of Dutch chrysanthemum, but also make the newly planted seedlings become a scene quickly. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Soil preparation with organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, rotary ploughing 20 cm to 30 cm.

two。 Planted in the middle of April, when the Dutch chrysanthemum grows about 10 cm above the ground, cut out the tiller with root with a shovel and plant it into a single plant, each plant needs to be sure to have roots, the row spacing is 15 cm × 15 cm, water is watered after planting, and planting in the afternoon is more conducive to slow seedling growth. Keep the soil moist during the slow seedling period, so that you can see dry and wet. This method can propagate a large number of plants and the survival rate is very high.

The natural flowering period of Dutch chrysanthemum is from August to October, and the full flowering period is 7 to 8 days. According to the repeated practice over the past few years, the author thinks that the last pruning should be around August 20, and pay attention to the consistency of the overall height when pruning. The width of the Dutch chrysanthemum crown in the edge zone can reach 40 cm.

The management of Dutch chrysanthemum planted in the park is more extensive, the beautification cost is lower, and the effect is better, which has become an incomparable advantage over potted set flowers. It is planted in the green space of the park, or arc shape, or semicircle shape, quite visual impact.

Dutch chrysanthemum Aster novi-belgii Dutch chrysanthemum picture: how to raise Dutch chrysanthemum / how to breed Dutch chrysanthemum the famous Dutch chrysanthemum Aster novi-belgii Dutch chrysanthemum introduction of Dutch chrysanthemum Dutch chrysanthemum also known as New York aster. For Compositae, Aster belongs to perennial root flowers. There are many fibrous roots, there are underground stems, stems clump, much branched, 60 cm to 100 cm high, the leaves are linear-lanceolate, smooth, purple when young, forming umbels at the top of branches, flowers blue-purple, florescence for October. Dutch chrysanthemum is a perennial herb. The plant height is 50-100cm. Leaf blade elliptic, head, solitary, blue. The morphological characteristics of Dutch chrysanthemum, Dutch chrysanthemum, more fibrous roots, underground stems, stems tufted, much branched, 60 cm to 100 cm high, leaves linear lanceolate, smooth, slightly purple when young, forming umbels at the top of branches, flowers blue-purple, flowering in October. Dutch chrysanthemum is a perennial herb. The plant height is 50-100cm. Leaf blade elliptic, head, solitary, blue. Dutch chrysanthemum is a perennial perennial herbaceous flower of Compositae, with blue-purple or rose-red flowers, flowering from August to October. Dutch chrysanthemum has luxuriant branches and leaves and is vulnerable to powdery mildew when the plant density is high and the ventilation is poor, especially when the lower part of the plant is too humid. it is necessary to spray 2000 times of 25% fenrucine wettable powder or 4000 times of 20% fenrucine emulsion in time. Dutch chrysanthemum is colorful and adaptable, especially the introduced new variety of Dutch chrysanthemum has shorter plants. The ecological habits of Dutch chrysanthemum Dutch chrysanthemum prefer sunny and ventilated environment, strong adaptability, moist but resistant to drought, cold, barren, lax soil requirements, suitable for growth in fertile and loose sandy soil. Although Dutch chrysanthemum is drought-tolerant and barren, it is necessary to keep the soil moist and nutrient supply in order to make plants luxuriant and flowers numerous, but pay attention to avoid excessive fertilizer and water in order to prevent overgrowth. It is a perennial herb, which can survive the winter in open field in northeast China. Cultivation techniques of Dutch chrysanthemum Dutch chrysanthemum is a head, dense, flowering from August to September, with blue, purple, red, white and so on. Sowing, cutting and split propagation are commonly used. Sowing in April and spring sowing will sprout 14 days after sowing, but the superior varieties are easy to degenerate. Cuttings are carried out in spring and summer, and tender stems are cut as cuttings. 18 Murray takes root 20 days after cutting. ramet can be carried out in spring and autumn, usually once every 3 years. In order to make the plant type plump and colorful flowers, attention should be paid to: 1. Trim and pick hearts at the right time. Dutch chrysanthemum is a pruning plant that can make flowers dense by coring and pruning. two。 Fertilizing and watering. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before planting, and thin cake fertilizer should be applied once every 2 weeks during the growing period to promote vigorous growth. At the same time, appropriate watering, in case of drought should be timely watering. 3. When diseases and insect pests are found in cultivation, pesticides should be sprayed in time. Dutch chrysanthemum is generally easy to be infected with powdery mildew, it should not be too dense when planting, pay attention to control humidity and ventilation, and spray medicine in time once the disease is found. Reasonable selection of the plot of Dutch chrysanthemum is a dry crop, it is necessary to choose the land with convenient transportation and close to the water source. Requires loose texture, fine broken soil, good air permeability, pH6.5~7 sandy soil or sandy loam. According to the years of planting in this area, the excellent varieties are generally imported from the Netherlands, and the varieties are Fogus, Tabor, Vintor and so on, which are easy to cultivate and manage. Prepare for early planning and establishment of internal and external ditch system before sowing. A horizontal ditch with a width of 35cm and a depth of 35cm was opened at the border length of 30m, and a vertical trench with a width of 30~40cm and a depth of 40cm was established every 10 rows, the width of the ditch was 40cm and the depth of the ditch was 50cm, and the depth of the ditch outside the field was 80~100cm to ensure smooth drainage. Ploughing the land as early as possible, applying basic fertilizer, applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 10kg / mu, making the border in the north-south direction, 90cm wide, sowing 3 rows, ditch width 30cm, deep 30cm more than to enhance soil permeability. Timely sowing bolting, vegetative growth into reproductive growth, losing the role of fleshy root; sowing too late, the rhizome overwintering damage, affecting the quality of fleshy root. Precision sowing on the border, strip sowing according to the row spacing 30cm, generally 50 ~ 60g (25000 ~ 30000 seeds) per mu. Sowing method large area sowing machine sowing, sowing depth 1cm, after sowing to check the thickness of cover. In case of rainy days, manual sowing can be added. After timely covering and sowing, first watering and then covering the grass, after covering, pay attention to check the emergence of seedlings and humidity, timely remove the mulch to prevent tall seedlings. In this way, the effects of high temperature exposure and rainstorm erosion on Dutch chrysanthemum can be prevented, and the evenness of seedlings can be ensured. The first time interseedling was carried out at 5-6 leaf stage, the plant distance was 6~7cm, and the seedlings were gently cut off with a knife, and the second seedling was carried out at 9-10 leaf stage, plant spacing 13~15cm, the seedling could be gently pulled out from the root. At the same time, it is combined with clearing ditches, loosening soil and weeding. Timely and reasonable topdressing in the middle stage of chicory growth, the leaf color obviously faded. For the fields with poor growth, it is necessary to apply a small amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 5kg per mu, or amino acid high-efficiency liquid fertilizer for extra-root topdressing, and do not overuse chemical fertilizer. Management like warm, humid and sunny environment, strong cold resistance. Also resistant to drought and heat, suitable for fertile, well-drained sandy soil or rotten leaf soil. The root-splitting method is mostly carried out after the new buds grow from April to May in spring. The roots are dug up and divided with a knife. 3 to 5 buds should be retained in each piece, and then planted, stepped on and watered. The cutting method is generally between May and June, cutting the tender shoots 5 to 6 centimeters long, with 3 to 4 cuttings as cuttings, the bed with sandy soil or coarse sand, proper shading, maintaining humidity, and rooting about half a month after the cutting. after the root is born, it can be moved to the open field cultivation or pot. Pot application of fertile culture soil, ramet or cutting seedlings on the basin, pay attention to watering, timely topdressing, multi-use human dung, bean cake water, horse dung water and so on. The seedlings should be fertilized once in 7 to 10 days, thickened after autumn, and once in 4 to 5 days after bud formation. The growing period should be pruned in time as needed. After flowering, cut off the ground part and put the pot in the cold room to survive the winter. If in the greenhouse, the plant can be withheld from the pot, planted in a pool 30 cm deep, squeezed together, covered with soil or covered with grass to survive the winter. Its open-field transplanting is mostly carried out from April to May in spring, and it is cultivated in sunny, fertile and well-drained places. When preparing the soil, we should fully apply compost or barnyard manure as base manure, plant and water well. After emergence or before flowering, open ditches around the roots to fertilize and water thoroughly. We should pay attention to watering during the drought. Pruning and shaping can be carried out several times according to different cultivation purposes during the growth period, and it should not be pruned after September to prevent buds from being cut off and affect flowering. Aphids and red spiders are easy to occur, which mainly harm leaves and stems, cause leaf yellowing and affect growth, which can be controlled by dimethoate 1000 times to 1500 times. Pay attention to the selection of sunny, ventilated environment and fertile sandy loam with good drainage. During the growing period, fertilization is applied once a month, and plastic surgery and coring is carried out in summer to promote more branches and flowers, but the plant should not be too dense, otherwise powdery mildew is easy to occur. The propagation methods of Dutch chrysanthemum include ramet and cutting. some varieties have strong tillering ability and can be planted directly by tiller buds, which is easy to survive. Cuttings are carried out in summer and can take root in about 10 days under the condition of about 18 ℃. It grows well and blossoms luxuriantly in moist and fertile soil. Apply rarefied fertilizer once in 10-15 days of growing season, and pay attention to timely watering. Pouring frozen water once before winter can safely survive the winter, sprout again from the roots and grow into new plants in the following year. It should be planted once every 2-3 years, the old root should be cut off, each plant should be divided into several clusters and replanted. Prune regularly to control florescence and plant height. Choose to be planted in sunny and ventilated places, and when planting or potted seedlings are 1 cm high, you can pick out the heart and promote more branches. Fertilize once every semimonthly during the growing period. The weather is dry in autumn, so pay attention to watering. After the aboveground parts withered in winter. Properly cultivate soil and protect seedlings. Propagation methods are commonly used for sowing propagation or tillering reproduction, and a small amount can be propagated by cuttings. 1. Sowing and propagation according to the planting experience in recent years, the best sowing time is from July 25 to August 15. Sowing too early will bolting ahead of time, vegetative growth into reproductive growth, losing the role of fleshy root; sowing too late, the rhizome overwintering damage, affecting the quality of fleshy root. no, no, no. Pot sowing or border sowing in a warm sunny place in the greenhouse. Under the condition that the room temperature is not less than 15 ℃, the seedlings can be produced in about 7 days. When the seedling height is about 5cm, the first planting should be carried out in time so as to avoid overgrowth. You can choose a small diameter 12cm pot or separate planting in the border. The second planting was carried out in the first ten days of May, and it was planted in a large pot or directly according to the need. The distance between plants planted in the ground should be controlled at about 40cm to facilitate its further tillering and proliferation. two。 The tillering ability of Dutch chrysanthemum is very strong, and the tillering plants can be cut off and planted separately. The planting time is generally selected after the soil is thawed in early spring and the mother plant has just grown tufted leaves. Dig out the overwintering underground roots, cut the original dunes into several pieces with a knife, and plant them respectively, and the survival rate of tiller seedlings is very high. Perennial plants can be propagated in large numbers by this method. 3. Cutting propagation of perennial plants produces a large number of tillers after the beginning of spring. The young tillers can be cut down for cutting with a knife. Using plain sandy soil, perlite and vermiculite as substrate and keeping the temperature above 20 ℃, shading or full light spraying device should be used to keep the air humidity, which can take root in about half a month. Rooting plants can be directly planted into the basin or into the bed. 4. Grafting cultivation uses wild Artemisia annua as rootstock for grafting cultivation, and the effect is better. The specific methods are as follows: at the end of November or early December, the Dutch chrysanthemum will pick the residual flowers and turn the pot to change the soil. When the outdoor temperature drops to about 5 ℃, move the pot into the low-temperature greenhouse, do not enter the medium-temperature or high-temperature room, so as not to sprout and grow, making the chrysanthemum seedlings weak. After the Beginning of Spring the following year, he moved the potted chrysanthemum to an outdoor shelter, and Ching Ming Festival poured some people's feces and urine and other thin fat water before and after. Artemisia annua seedlings were dug up from the field from the end of April to the end of June, and planted in a 5-inch or 7-inch mud basin. In June and July, according to the growth size of Artemisia annua plant, it was changed into a 10-inch mud basin, and thin fertilizer and water were applied every 5 days. When the stem of Artemisia annua is 15 cm high, Dutch chrysanthemum can be grafted by split grafting. After grafting, the Dutch chrysanthemum can be moisturized with a small plastic bag and survive in about 7 days. It should be noted that the height of the rootstock is about 15 cm. If it is higher than 20 cm, the Dutch chrysanthemum will feel top-heavy and unstable in the later stage. Secondly, if the inner core of the grafting interface of Artemisia annua rootstock has been white aging, it is not suitable for grafting, because it is not easy to survive after grafting, even if it survives, it will make the scion ossified. After the grafting of Dutch chrysanthemum survived, thin fertilizer and water can be applied frequently, which is like the cultivation of autumn chrysanthemum in management. At ordinary times, Dutch chrysanthemum can be oriented to pick the core according to the shape of spherical or flat steamed bread, but the last core picking needs to be carried out at the same time. If you need to blossom on National Day, you can pick the core for the last time in Lesser Heat (early July). If you need to blossom in the autumn chrysanthemum exhibition, you can do the last time in late July. After testing, Dutch chrysanthemum-grafted seedlings of flowers composed of the largest sphere diameter of about 35 cm, is very spectacular. Classification of Dutch chrysanthemum varieties Dutch chrysanthemum is a perennial herb. The plant height is 50 mi 100 cm, the leaf blade is elliptic and the head is solitary. The common varieties are blue "blue robe", "blue dream", "blue night", "Nerit", "check", lavender "pansy", "purple lotus", "Mirka", pink "pink baby", "pink sparrow", "Glory", "Miss Painter", rose "Elbe", "Susan", "Lissett", white "Miss White", "Casablanca" and so on. Belongs to the plant kingdom, Compositae, Aster. Powdery mildew and brown spot often occur in the disease control of Dutch chrysanthemum. 65% tophan wettable powder can be sprayed with 600 times solution. When aphids are harmed. Spray with 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos EC. The main diseases of chicory are mosaic disease, yellow disease, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, powdery mildew and rust, etc., therefore, continuous cropping fields should be disinfected before soil cultivation. The main pests of chicory are underground pests and night moth pests. Phoxim or carbosulfan were used to control underground pests during soil preparation, and farmland avermectin was used to control Spodoptera litura and other pests in late September. Powdery mildew and brown spot are common. 65% tophan wettable powder can be sprayed 600 times. When aphids are harmed. Spray with 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos EC. The use of Dutch chrysanthemum is suitable for potted indoor ornamental and layout of flower beds, flower borders and so on. It is more suitable for flower basket and flower arrangement. Such as a variety of cooperation main materials, with Dutch chrysanthemum, longevity flowers, spring feather, Penglai, the picture is very lively, placed on the coffee table, publication table. It looks particularly fresh and pleasing to the eye. If take colorful Dutch chrysanthemum as the main flower vase, decorate the dining table, windowsill, appear ten square charming, can add a little romantic color. Dutch chrysanthemum is colorful and adaptable, especially the introduced new variety of Dutch chrysanthemum, the plant is shorter. Open-field cultivation techniques of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Dutch chrysanthemum is a perennial root herb with tufted stems, red, light blue to white flowers, colorful flowers and strong adaptability. It is originally from North America and is widely used in China. Dutch chrysanthemum used to be cultivated with potted flowers. In recent years, the author used ribbon plants in the park for the prospect of the flower border, planted on the side of the garden road and the periphery of the lawn, as a supplement to the flower scenery during the National Day, and accumulated some land planting experience.

Rapid propagation technology Dutch chrysanthemum can be propagated by sowing method, cutting method and split method. After the survival of sowing method and cutting method, it may need inter-seedling or transplant, which is more labor-consuming. The split-plant propagation method can not only achieve the renewal of the original plot of Dutch chrysanthemum, but also make the newly planted seedlings become a scene quickly. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Soil preparation with organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, rotary ploughing 20 cm to 30 cm.

two。 Planted in the middle of April, when the Dutch chrysanthemum grows about 10 cm above the ground, cut out the tiller with root with a shovel and plant it into a single plant, each plant needs to be sure to have roots, the row spacing is 15 cm × 15 cm, water is watered after planting, and planting in the afternoon is more conducive to slow seedling growth. Keep the soil moist during the slow seedling period, so that you can see dry and wet. This method can propagate a large number of plants and the survival rate is very high.

3. After the daily maintenance of seedlings survive, pay attention to fertilizer and water management to avoid the formation of young seedlings. The first heart-picking was carried out at the end of May and the beginning of June, cutting off each top to promote axillary bud germination and increase the crown width, and pick the heart once in a month or so. During the growth period, 3 to 4 times of pruning and 2 to 3 times of topdressing are required according to the growth potential. After the first coring, after the soil was dried, urea was applied for topdressing, and after the flower buds grew, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were applied for the last topdressing. Twice topdressing should pay strict attention to the use of fertilizer to ensure the safety of flowers and seedlings and pay attention to no stagnant water after rain. Powdery mildew is easy to occur during the growth period, and 1500 times triadimefon solution is used to prevent and cure the disease.

Flowering control technology Dutch chrysanthemum natural florescence from August to October, full bloom 7 to 8 days, grasp the time of the last pruning, become the key to control the full flowering stage. According to the repeated practice over the past few years, the author thinks that the last pruning should be around August 20, and pay attention to the consistency of the overall height when pruning. The width of the Dutch chrysanthemum crown in the edge zone can reach 40 cm.

The management of Dutch chrysanthemum planted in the park is more extensive, the beautification cost is lower, and the effect is better, which has become an incomparable advantage over potted set flowers. It is planted in the green space of the park, or arc shape, or semicircle shape, quite visual impact.

(the author's unit is the Park Management Center of Xincheng North District, Daxing District, Beijing)