Planting and propagation methods and cultivation management of aquatic plant Plantago asiatica

Plant name: in front of the water wheel. Aliases: kelp, water mustard, tequila.

Habits: like bright light and dry, well-ventilated environment, able to withstand low temperature of-20 ℃; like soil with good drainage, resistant to barren and drought, avoid rain, waterlogging and stagnant water. The plant is strong and the management is extensive. Application: waterwheels are often born in ponds, streams or paddy fields. Tender leaves can be eaten instead of vegetables. The whole plant can be used as feed. Mode of reproduction: walking stem reproduction, flower young plants are also born on the node of the walking stem, a walking stem has multiple nodes.

The concept and Application of Aquatic plants

Aquatic plants are plants that grow in water or moist soil, including herbs and woody plants. There are many water systems in China, and the resources of aquatic plants are very rich. There are more than 300 species of higher aquatic plants only. In the garden, it can be divided into five categories according to different forms and ecological habits.

1. Submerged plants: their roots are rooted in the underwater soil, and the whole plant is submerged under the surface of the water. The common ones are bitter grass, water celery, Potamogeton crispus, black algae, goldfish grass, bamboo leaf, foxtail, water plantain, stone dragon tail, water sieve, water shield grass and so on.

2. Floating plants: their stems, leaves or foliage float on the water, and their roots hang in the water. The common ones are big floating, duckweed, Pingpeng grass, hyacinth and so on.

3. Floating-leaf plants: the roots grow in the underwater soil, the petiole is slender, and the leaves float naturally on the surface of the water, such as anemone, water lily, Manjianghong, Ling and so on.

4. Water-standing plants: the stems and leaves are out of the water, and the roots and underground stems are buried in the mud. the common ones are yellow iris, spring onions, cattail, calamus, cattail, Reed, lotus, alisma alisma, rain long flower, water coir coat, Scutellaria barbata and so on.

5. Waterfront plants: their roots are often stuck in moist soil, are resistant to water and moisture, and can endure being submerged in a short time. Common are weeping willow, metasequoia, pond fir, feather shirt, bamboo, water pine, Qianqu vegetable, spicy Polygonum, hibiscus and so on.

II. Function of aquatic plants

1. Biodiversity function

Aquatic plant resources are very rich, a wide variety, gradually transition from terrestrial to submerged, rich in levels. In addition, the plant shape, leaf shape and flower shape of aquatic plants also have their own characteristics. The formation of aquatic plant community provides habitat for wild animals, waterbirds and insects. It is precisely because of the continuous reproduction and interaction of these aquatic animals and plants that the water body has become an aquatic ecological environment with vitality.

2. Beautify the environment

Aquatic plants have the function of landscaping. In Chinese classical gardens, aquatic plants are one of the important materials to create garden waterscape. All kinds of water bodies have to rely on plants to configure rich and colorful water landscapes. Aquatic plants play the role of the finishing touch on the waterscape, decorating the water surface and shore with their free and easy posture, beautiful lines and gorgeous colors, and forming a reflection in the water. make the water surface and water body become lively, strengthen the beauty of the water body. Different forms and colors of aquatic plants can cause people's psychological activities and dramatic effects, such as cattails and reeds standing tall in the water, reflections in the sun or hazy gestures shrouded in mist, and the moonlight of reeds and lotus ponds under the moon, giving people a sense of mystery. And calamus, water lilies, Cigu, black Mitsubishi, Qianqu vegetables and so on, beautiful flowers compete to open, charming colors give people a strong visual impact. Of the 72 scenic spots of the famous Summer Resort and 40 scenic spots of Old Summer Palace, most of them are based on aquatic plants, such as "qu Shui he Xiang", "Pingxiang companion", "the depths of lotus lotus" and other scenic spots. "Su Di Chunxiao", "Liu Lang Wen Ying", "Quyuan Wind Lotus" and so on in the West Lake in Hangzhou are all famous for their aquatic plants.

In addition, in the open water, floating beds and floating islands can be arranged to cultivate aquatic flowers on the island to form a "water garden" to add scenery to the water surface. For example, the floating island on the surface of the Beidou River in Ningbo breaks the original monotonous and dull water surface and brings vigor and vitality to the water body.

3. Water purification function

Aquatic plants not only beautify the environment, but also purify water quality. Aquatic plants can absorb CO2 in the environment by photosynthesis, release O2 to improve water quality, and eliminate many pollution elements in water, so aquatic plants have important ecological restoration functions. According to the research, spring onions can purify phenols in water; wild Zizania latifolia can remove 75% of nitrogen and 65% of phosphorus in water; Reed has the ability to purify suspended matter, chloride, organic nitrogen and sulfate in water, and can absorb mercury and lead, and the removal rate of phosphorus in water is 65%. Water hyacinth, also known as water hyacinth, has rapid reproduction and strong pollution resistance, and can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and heavy metal ions. Submerged plants can also promote the deposition of suspended solids and pollutants in water, and reduce nutrients in water through absorption, transformation and accumulation, so as to inhibit the production of phytoplankton and prevent the re-suspension of sediment. Improve the transparency of the water body. In short, lush aquatic plants lead to clear water quality, abundant aquatic products and stable water ecology, while the lack of aquatic plants leads to turbid water quality, scarcity of aquatic animals and fragile water ecological environment. Aquatic plants play a significant role in beautifying water landscape, purifying water quality and maintaining river ecological balance.

4. the function of protecting river bank and conserving water source.

The plant root system has a strong ability to pierce and consolidate the soil, and plant moisture-resistant trees, shrubs and ground cover plants on the slope and in the fluctuating area (the water level change area between the highest and lowest water levels), on the one hand, reduce the surface runoff. on the other hand, it can prevent or reduce the erosion and scour of the river bank by current and wave, and play the role of soil consolidation and slope protection. At the same time, the growth of plant roots, stems and leaves can improve the soil, increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil structure and performance, improve soil water holding capacity, and increase soil erosion resistance. Therefore, planting aquatic plants on the bank can not only preserve soil and water, but also improve soil fertility and improve the ecological environment, so planting plants to consolidate soil and protect the bank is an effective and feasible form of ecological slope protection.

5. Economic benefits

Aquatic plants are not only good green manure, but also good forage grass. They are rich in nutrients and grow fast. Nitrogen and phosphorus in water are absorbed by them and converted into protein and other nutrients. According to the study of 0.24 grams of nitrogen and 0.09 grams of phosphorus per 100 grams of fresh grass, it can be calculated that every ton of grass growing in the lake can absorb 2.4 kilograms of nitrogen. If the lake water is of third-class water quality, containing 5 grams of nitrogen per ton of water, one ton of fresh grass can absorb all nitrogen in 800 tons of 1000 tons of lake water, which can turn thousands of tons of lake water into first-class or second-class water, while one mu of water can produce dozens of tons of fresh grass. Purify tens of thousands of tons of lake water. If these grasses are used to raise fish, ducks and geese, it can produce certain economic benefits. Therefore, when planting aquatic plants, we can purposefully select some aquatic plants with high utilization value, such as duckweed, floating lotus, water peanut, water hyacinth and so on. Then put an appropriate amount of fish, shrimp and waterfowl in the water, timely harvest aquatic products, so that the water body to maintain a relatively stable ecological environment, so as to achieve both environmental and economic benefits.

III. Application prospect of aquatic plants

When I was a child, I could see the vibrant reeds, calamus and water plants floating on the bank by the pond in the country, and the bottom of the pond was clearly visible. The fish swam about in the water, and in the cracks in the rocks on the bank, they reached out and touched them, and they could catch snails and shrimp. Why the river is naturally clear and transparent at that time is that aquatic plants and small organisms in the water body play a role in purifying water quality in their respective growth and perfunctory process. With the changes of the times, the aquatic plants with the functions of water purification and landscaping have been gradually forgotten, and there is no sign of the new water conservancy project. The closed rubble revetment and concrete revetment built with the goal of controlling the flow of water have closed the dream of restoring the ecological river. In recent years, Japan, Switzerland, and other countries have proposed to apply the "ecological engineering method" to carry out "multi-natural" transformation and treatment of over-artificial river courses and river systems. the basic idea is to follow the laws of nature and return the places that belong to nature to nature. Through ecological bank protection and water landscape greening technology, improve the comprehensive ecological and landscape benefits of waterscape, and provide living environment for animals and plants.

China is rich in water resources, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the main concentration area of freshwater lakes in China (accounting for about 60% of the total area of freshwater lakes in China), and most of them are shallow lakes. At present, eutrophication is widespread in these lakes, coupled with the wide application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the water pollution of rural inland rivers is also very serious, and a large number of water purification needs to be solved urgently; the water pollution of urban inland rivers is more serious, and the phenomenon of artificial embankment is widespread. Recently, Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Kunming and other big cities have started the reconstruction and restoration of water ecological environment projects, and achieved certain results. Experiments show that aquatic plants play an important role in controlling lake water, purifying water quality and restoring water ecological environment.

Conservation measures of southern plant Zizyphus jujuba

Part 1: "arrangement of plants in the South"

Egg flower

Egg flower, its flowers are really like eggs, the outside is milky white, the center is bright yellow, just like the egg white yolk, it looks really Q. Its branches are thick and succulent. The leaves are also big, and the flowers and leaves gather on the top of the branch. it blossoms brilliantly in summer, giving people a feeling of purity and elegant temperament, which is very suitable for people to watch carefully. After falling leaves, the bare trunk bends naturally and its shape is very beautiful. It is very suitable for planting in courtyards and grasslands. Egg blossoms like the environment with high temperature and humidity, plenty of sunshine and good drainage. It is strong in nature and can withstand drought, but it is afraid of cold and avoid waterlogging. It likes to grow in acidic soil, but it is also alkaline-resistant. It is better to cultivate acid sandy soil which is deep, fertile, permeable and rich in organic matter. The cuttage method was used for propagation. When growing egg blossoms, you should also pay attention to pest control, such as brown spots on leaves or even dark black leaves, which is because of egg flower corner spot, so you should pay attention to take measures at this time. Of course, there may be other diseases, so egg flower needs your care and care. In fact, egg flowers in addition to white, there are red and yellow, can extract essence for the manufacture of high-grade cosmetics, soap and food additives, the price is quite high, great commercial development potential; can also be dried flowers for tea, commonly known as egg scented tea, has the effect of curing fever and diarrhea, moistening the lungs and detoxifying. The egg flower has a beautiful tree shape, many branches, strange shapes and various shapes; the leaves are like loquat, and after falling in winter, the branches leave semicircular leaf marks, quite like antlers with beautiful spots, which can be described as the first choice for landscaping, courtyard layout and potted ornamental small trees in the tropics. The bark is thin and grayish green, rich in toxic white juice, which can be used for external application to treat scabies, redness and swelling. The wood is white, light and soft, and can be used to make musical instruments, tableware or furniture. Frangipani language: give birth to hope, resurrection, new life is as simple and ordinary as life, so you can always be so close to people and lose their distance.

Yulan

Magnolia is a tall deciduous tree with dark gray bark and rough dehiscence; branchlets slightly stout and grayish brown; winter buds and pedicels densely covered with grayish yellow long sericeous hairs. Leaves papery, Obovate, broadly Obovate or Obovate, Obovate-elliptic, base overgrown branches and leaves elliptic. Magnolia is very much like a lotus flower. When it is in full bloom, the petals spread in all directions, making the courtyard blue and white, dazzling in white light, with high ornamental value. Coupled with the refreshing fragrance, it is actually an ideal flower pattern for beautifying the courtyard. Magnolia is light-loving, hardy and can survive the winter in the open field. Love dry, avoid low humidity, planting land waterlogging is easy to rot roots. The sandy soil, which is fertile, well drained and slightly acidic, can also grow on weakly alkaline soil. In the south with higher temperatures, it can blossom from December to January of the following year. Magnolia has strong resistance to harmful gases. If the flower is planted in a factory polluted by sulfur dioxide and chlorine, it has a certain resistance and the ability to absorb sulfur. Artificial fumigation with sulfur dioxide can absorb more than 1.6 grams of sulfur in 1 kg of dried leaves. Therefore, Magnolia is a good anti-pollution greening tree species in air pollution areas. Magnolia likes light, young trees are more resistant to shade, not resistant to strong light and western sun, too strong light or western sun, it is easy to burn trees. Magnolia likes fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer when planting, it should be fertilized every year after that. Sufficient fertilizer can make the plant grow vigorously, the leaves are green and thick, not only have many buds, but also have large flowers, long flowering period and fragrant. Magnolia is a tree species with strong disease resistance. the main diseases are anthracnose, chlorosis and leaf burn. Magnolia has not only ornamental value but also medicinal value and edible value. Magnolia contains volatile oil, mainly citral, clove oleic acid, magnolia alkaloid, magnolol, decanoic acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin An and other components, which has certain medicinal value. Magnolia flower has a pungent and warm taste, which has the effect of dispelling wind, dispelling cold and dredging orifices, dispelling lungs and nose. Can be used for headache, blood stasis dysmenorrhea, nasal congestion, acute and chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis and other diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that magnolia has an inhibitory effect on common skin fungi.

Magnolia is rich in vitamins, amino acids and a variety of trace elements, which has the effect of dispelling wind and dispelling cold, invigorating qi and regulating the lungs. Can be processed to make snacks, but also can make tea to drink. Magnolia language stands for gratitude. Magnolia often in a green full of white flowers, with the fragrant fragrance makes people feel an indescribable temperament, really fresh and lovely. Because its plant is tall, flowering position is high, swaying in the wind, in high spirits, just like Tiannu scattered flowers, very lovely.

Bamboo taro

Bamboo taro is an herb. Most varieties have underground rhizomes or tubers, leaves solitary, larger, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, veins pinnately arranged, distichous, entire. Amorphophallus is a good ground cover plant with various colors and a good foliage plant. Amorphophallus is a tropical plant that likes a warm, humid and brightly lit environment, is not cold-resistant, is not resistant to drought, and is afraid of hot sun exposure. If direct sunlight will burn the leaves, the edges of the leaves will be partially scorched, the new leaves will stop growing, and the leaves will turn yellow, so we should pay attention to shading. Bamboo taro is sensitive to water, so it should be fully watered during the growing period to keep the basin soil moist, but the soil should not accumulate water, otherwise it will lead to root rot and even plant death. Bamboo taro should be more "delicate". Enough care should be put into 365 days, and if there are major fluctuations in the environment in a few days, it will leave "evidence of guilt" on the plant, which is the consensus of taro seed dealers and producers. There are not many diseases and insect pests in bamboo taro family, such as shell insects, whitefly and so on. Of course, it has other values, such as medicinal value and dietary value. Bamboo taro powder is almost entirely starch, does not contain vitamins, and contains only 0.2% protein. It can be used as a thickener for soups, sauces, pudding and tails. Add water and boil to make a transparent, odorless, delicious paste. Compared with other starches, the fine quality of taro powder can be cooked at lower temperature and shorter time, and it is easy to digest. It is especially suitable for making egg products such as milk and egg paste that can not be overcooked. It is also suitable for making light, low-salt and low-protein food. Efficacy: clearing lung and relieving cough, clearing heat and diuresis. Main treatment: treatment of cough due to lung heat and acerbity in urination due to damp-heat of bladder

Redrlowered Loropetalum

Evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bark dark gray or light grayish brown, much branched. Twigs reddish brown, densely stellate hairy. Leaves leathery alternate, ovoid or elliptic, 2-5cm long, apex mucronate, base round and oblique, asymmetric, stellate hairs on both sides, entire, dark red. Carthamus tinctorius likes light and is slightly shade-resistant, but the leaf color is easy to turn green when it is shady. Strong adaptability and drought tolerance. Like warmth and withstand the cold. Strong sprouting and branching, resistant to pruning. It is resistant to barren, but it is suitable to grow in fertile, moist slightly acidic soil. Carthamus tinctorius has luxuriant branches, graceful posture, resistance to pruning, resistance to flat binding, can be used for hedges, can also be used to make stump bonsai, blooming season, full of safflower, very spectacular. Liriodendron chinense is an evergreen plant with bright red new leaves. When different strains mature, the leaf color and flower color are different, and the leaf size is also different. In the garden application, it is mainly considered that the two factors of leaf color and leaf size bring leaf color contrast to form color contrast, and the florescence can also be staggered. Main insect pests: aphids, ulnar moths, yellow armyworm, Plutella xylostella, large and small ground tigers and beetles. Common diseases of Carthamus tinctorius: anthracnose, blight, mosaic disease. Anthracnose: it mainly harms the old leaves, basal leaves and leaves because they are red, and the disease spots are

Now black round spots, or nearly round, resulting in early defoliation, serious damage in the rainy season from July to August, the pathogen is actinomycetes. The pathogen overwintered with hyphae on diseased leaves, which was the initial source of disease in the following year. When you find that there is a disease in the branches and leaves of Carthamus tinctorius, you should treat it in time.

Green peach

Green peach is a variety of peach, tree, 3-8 m high; crown broad and spreading; bark dark reddish brown, rough when old is scaly; branchlets slender, glabrous, glossy, green, turning red toward the sun, with a large number of lenticels; winter buds conical, tip obtuse, outside pubescent, often 2-3 clusters, leaf buds in the middle, flower buds on both sides. Leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or Obovate-lanceolate. Blue peach is sunny, drought-resistant and intolerant to wet environment. Like the warm climate, good cold resistance, can survive the winter safely in the natural environment of minus 25 degrees Celsius. The soil is required to be fertile and well drained. Do not like stagnant water, such as planting in low-lying areas of stagnant water, it is easy to die seedlings. The garden is worth green peach blossoms, beautiful and beautiful when they bloom, and the ornamental period is as long as 15 days. In landscaping, it is widely used in lakeside, streams, both sides of roads and parks, etc., in small-scale greening projects such as courtyard greening embellishment, private gardens, etc., as well as potted ornamental plants, and often used to cut flowers and make bonsai. It is also common to weave branches and green peaches. The landscaping of Bitao has a wide range of uses, and the greening effect is outstanding, and the planting year has a particularly good effect. Can be planted, piece planting, isolated planting, there was a very good green effect in that year. Green peach is one of the commonly used color seedlings in landscaping, which is usually used together with purple leaf plum, purple leaf dwarf cherry and other seedlings. Flowers and shrubs are planted to form a scene of a hundred flowers blooming. In addition to the ornamental value, there is also medicinal value. The gum secreted on the trunk of the peach tree, commonly known as peach gum, can be used as an adhesive. It is a kind of polysaccharide substance, which can be hydrolyzed to produce arabinose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, etc., which is edible and medicinal, and has the effect of breaking blood, promoting blood and tonifying qi. Diseases often occur in summer and autumn. The main diseases are: White rust and brown rot, perforation, anthrax, gum disease, leaf shrinkage disease. The main pests are aphids, red spiders, shell insects, red-necked longicorn beetles and so on.

Artificial plant community

1. Summer cuckoo + safflower sequel + Phnom Penh boxwood + thornless bone ball

These four kinds of plants have strong adaptability and are widely planted in Fuzhou. Three kinds of leaf color plant linear planting, rich leaf color, coupled with large size no thorn structure bone ball, to form a neat, full, hierarchical road green ribbon effect.

2. Carthamus tinctorius + red leaf heather ball + Michelia mollissima + chicken claw Acer

Carthamus tinctorius itself is widely planted in Fujian, with good adaptability, beautiful leaf color and flower color, while the green of its old leaves are dotted with new leaf red, set off each other, extremely beautiful, and the four kinds of plants are rich in collocation layers. and form a landscape road with longitudinal rhythm and spatial levels, and a strong sense of guidance.

3. Carthamus tinctorius + star anise gold plate + Canadian jujube + egg flower

The combination of these plants is mainly green, with small leaves (safflower wood) and thick leaves (star anise plate, egg flower), while Canadian jujube adds a little tropical flavor. Rich in levels, it has the effect of reducing the space and making people close.

4. Bamboo + Iris

Phyllostachys pubescens is very suitable for planting in Fuzhou. It is a scattered bamboo with dense stems. And Iris has a beautiful posture and beautiful colors, and the two are very attractive together.

5. Gardenia lobularis + Carthamus tinctorius + peach leaf coral + sweet-scented osmanthus

Lobular gardenia, leaves like bird tongue, low plant, can be used as the bottom plant, peach leaf coral leaf color with yellow spots, is a better foliage plant, and Arbor sweet-scented osmanthus, its flowers fragrant, refreshing. The match is dense, the leaf color is changed, and the fragrance of flowers is added.

6. Azalea + Carthamus tinctorius + Huili + canna

Rhododendron flowers are gorgeous, with safflower wood and ash as a lining, more moving, banana leaves thick, narrow space, make people friendly.

7. Ground cover lawn + marigold + red leaf heather + safflower follow wood ball + cinnamon

With the green ground quilt as the base, marigold yellow flowers are extremely beautiful, marigold descendants safflower successor wood and red heather as the lining, cinnamon tree-shaped expansion. Several kinds of plants set off each other and are rich in variety.

8. Ophiopogon + guava tree

Both Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have good adaptability in Fuzhou, with normal growth, soft leaves and suitable ground cover. Ophiopogon japonicus and Ophiopogon japonicus have yellow smooth bark, graceful posture, large leaves and dense leaves, which are suitable for sparse forest paths.

9. Grass + silver tequila + pruned banyan + Huanghua double pod locust

Based on the green grass, tequila leaves are thick, the leaves are silver yellow and green, matched with the built banyan tree and coordinated, while the yellow flower double cheek locust is beautiful and colorful. The collocation levels of these plants are rich, and the color transformation can be coordinated.

10. Grass along the steps + palm bamboo + sunflower + papaya tree

This plant configuration is suitable for one side of the small building, the grass leaves along the steps are thin and soft, while the brown bamboo and loose-tailed sunflower leaves are thicker, while the papaya leaves are palmately large, with fruit and trunk, and its posture is very beautiful.

11. Red mulberry + false forsythia + safflower tree

As a pattern flower bed plant collocation, red mulberry has bright leaf color, as an edge, false forsythia leaf color is yellow and green, while safflower tree leaf color is dark purple, three kinds of plants match as magic pattern flower bed, and it is attractive.

Part II: "maintenance Plan 4"

Maintenance and management scheme of landscaping

Maintenance and management is very important in landscaping, it is a long-term and repeated work, with comprehensive technical requirements, including the destruction of people and animals, sanitation and cleaning, pruning of flowers and trees, watering and fertilization, pest control, flower bed flower planting and so on. The completion of garden green space does not represent the completion of the garden landscape. People often say that "three minutes, seven minutes". Only with high-quality and high-level maintenance and management, the landscape can be gradually formed and perfect.

Characteristics of the present situation of plants in the cultivation park:

1. The greening covers an area of about 2.45419 billion square meters, and the green coverage rate is high. There are a large number of different specifications and varieties of trees and trimmed shrubs, and their initial growth has gradually taken shape. After our careful investigation, the characteristics of plant planting are roughly divided into two areas according to the original general plan:

1) Square area: the plant planting style in this area is relatively open, with ginkgo biloba, Zhengnan and large trees in the square.

Plant mainly, properly cooperate with low shrubs, the overall space is more transparent.

2) Factory area: the plant varieties in this area are complicated, worn by large and small trees, shrubs and ground cover plants.

Planted in front of the door with more valuable large plants (Canary jujube, blue flower, small leaf banyan pile head

The best sweet-scented osmanthus, etc. Whether it can still keep the office garden elegant, elegant and sparse?

The scenery, can also make the hotel villa courtyard to carry forward its delicate and gentle, leisurely and relaxing atmosphere

It all depends on the acquired maintenance.

two。 In the greening condition of the vertical area, we can find the following problems: the growth of ① shrubs is poor and the shape is monotonous; the potential of ② flowering shrubs is poor, and the flowering condition (including the number of flowers, flower size, color, secondary flowering) is not satisfactory; there are many weeds in ③ lawn, and there is a tendency of grass weeds in some areas; there is a situation of diseases and insect pests in ④.

1. We are prepared to take the following rectification measures:

1. Carry forward three-dimensional horticulture and shape hedges and shrubs. For flowering shrubs planted with embellishment, measures should be taken to promote their growth and shape according to the trend, which depends on the specific plant growth and plant shape. The hedges in the local area are highly regular, and the uniform strip undoubtedly makes the garden which should be free and leisurely mechanical and rigid. We can also try to trim it into a wavy shape, match it with the relaxed and leisure residential landscape, enliven the atmosphere of the whole garden and create a more fluent living environment.

2. Immediately start the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. For plants with the characteristics of diseases and insect pests, large-scale chemical control should be carried out immediately.

3 、

4 、

5. Apply pesticides and increase the workload of manual pulling for lawn weeds. Different maintenance and management schemes were implemented for different plants (mainly fertilizer supply, base fertilizer, topdressing, foliar fertilizer, different plants have different fertilization methods and fertilizer choices in different seasons). Plants are listed. We classify all the plants, and then make a green sign to mark it.

All the plants in the area are listed for their families, genera, and living habits. This can be done.

Enrich the staff's plant knowledge, can also add to the cultural atmosphere of the park, and can be marked with eye-catching

Make greening get more attention.

6. greening and maintenance is not an overnight thing. While doing a good job in rectification and reform, we will also be right.

The same plants take different maintenance measures at different times, and we arrange our daily work month by month.

(the detailed rules are attached), in order to maximize the landscape effect in the blueprint.

We also ask Party A to put forward more suggestions to make our work perfect step by step.

7. Maintenance responsibility

During the contract maintenance period, our company organizes reasonably and carefully maintains according to the operation rules and quality standards of landscaping maintenance, and dispatches professional horticulturists to organize and arrange the management and protection work, and flexibly dispatch not less than experienced workers according to the weather and plant growth conditions of each season to complete the maintenance and management tasks in quality and quantity.

VI. Maintenance content

1. Management procedures: including the whole process of watering, opening nests and cultivating soil, pruning, fertilization, weeding, pruning and wiping buds, pest control, straightening, seedling replenishment (plus seedling fee). {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

2. Management tools:

A, flower shears, long shears, high-altitude shears, lawnmowers, lawnmowers

B, sprayer, bucket, bamboo dustpan

C, shovel, hoe, saw, chainsaw, ladder

D, fuel, maintenance costs

3. Maintenance content:

A, Arbor: apply organic fertilizer once a year, 0.25 kg cake fertilizer per plant, once topdressing, 0.1 kg compound fertilizer and mixed urea per tree, hole application, spraying, water and fertilizer, etc., and then covered with soil, drenched thoroughly, water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, maintain the natural growth state of trees, without modeling and pruning. Timely cut off yellow branches, disease and insect branches, shade long branches and drooping branches that hinder the passage of vehicles, and clean up the pruning materials in time. Remove weeds around the roots once a week to make sure there are no weeds.

B, shrubs, hedgerows, bag seedlings: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, use sprinkling and water fertilizer, etc., water once within three hours after application, once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, trimmed into a circle, square line or cone line, weekly minor repair, monthly overhaul, cut smooth, beautiful, timely removal of trimmed objects Cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches in time, replant old and dead plants in time, and remove weeds once a week.

C, herbs: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10kg per 667m2, sprinkle water and water fertilizer, water within three hours after application, water once a day (except rainy days), water penetration depth of more than 10 cm, timely control of diseases and insect pests, cut off residual flowers once a week, remove weeds, cut off withered branches and yellow branches in time.

D, Taiwan grass: fertilize once a quarter, apply urea mixed compound fertilizer 10 kg per 667m2, fertilize evenly, water thoroughly, the depth of water penetration is more than 5 cm, control diseases and insect pests in time, replant withered and incomplete parts in time, the coverage rate is more than 98%, and prune 1-2 times a month.

(2) the specific arrangements for the maintenance of gardens in one year:

January: the coldest month of the year, with open-field trees dormant.

1. Winter pruning: fully carry out the shaping and pruning of deciduous trees; pruning dead branches, disabled branches, disease and insect branches on large and small trees and branches that hinder overhead lines and buildings.

2. Inspection of street trees: check the situation of binding and piling of street trees in time, and rectify them immediately when they find that they are loose, lead wire embedded skin, shaking piles and so on.

3. Pest control: winter is a favorable season to eliminate garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the diamondback moth can be dug up and burned to death in the loose soil under the tree. Scale insects begin to move in mid-January, but they move slowly at this time, so we can scrape off the larvae on the tree trunk. Pest control in winter often has twice the result with half the effort.

4. Green space conservation: green space, flower beds and other places should pay attention to picking out large weeds; lawns should pick grass and cut edges in time; attention should be paid to anti-freezing watering in green space.

February: the temperature is higher than the previous month, and the trees are still dormant.

1. The maintenance is basically the same as in January.

2. Pruning: continue pruning withered and diseased branches of large and small trees. Trim all kinds of trees before the end of the month.

3. Pest control: continue to control diamondback moth and scale insects.

March: the temperature continues to rise. after the middle of the year, trees begin to sprout and some trees (such as camellia) blossom in the last ten days.

1. Planting trees: spring is a favorable time to plant trees. After the soil is thawed, we should seize the opportunity to plant trees immediately. Plan and design before planting large and small trees, dig (plane) a good tree hole in advance, and do as you dig, transport, plant and water. When planting shrubs, they should also be dug, transported and planted, and fully watered to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

2. Spring irrigation: due to spring drought, windy and large evaporation, green land should be watered in time in order to prevent spring drought.

3. Fertilization: after the soil is thawed, base fertilizer is applied to plants and irrigated. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: this month is the critical moment for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Some seedlings appeared coal fouling disease, melon seeds and yellow poplar leaf roller also appeared (using spraying fenitrothion and other pesticides for control). The method of digging pupae can continue to be used to control diamondback moth.

April: as the temperature continues to rise, trees sprout and blossom or spread their leaves and begin to enter a period of vigorous growth.

1. Continue to plant trees: in the first ten days of April, we should seize the time to plant trees that sprout late, remove and replant shrubs (rhododendron, safflower, etc.) that die in winter, and fully water newly planted trees.

2. Irrigation: continue to water the green space in a timely manner.

3. Fertilization: combined irrigation of lawns and shrubs, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer, or foliar spraying as needed.

4. Pruning: cut off the dry branches in winter and spring to trim the evergreen hedge.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: (1) after the second molting, scale insects gradually transferred to bark cracks, tree holes, trunk base, wall corners and other places to secrete white waxy cocoon pupation. Can be swept with a hard bamboo broom, and then concentrated deep burying or soaking. Or use the method of spraying fenitrothasone and other pesticides. (2) the longicorn beetle begins to move. You can use a grafting knife or self-made steel wire to remove the larvae, but the smaller the wound, the better. (3) Prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

6. green space conservation: pay attention to the picking of weeds and climbing plants in large green space. Grass picking and edge cutting should also be carried out on the lawn.

May: the temperature rises sharply and the trees grow rapidly.

1. Watering: trees need a lot of water when they are in full bloom, so they should be watered at the right time.

2. Pruning: pruning residual flowers. The street tree is pruned for the first time.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: continue to catch longicorn beetles. The first generation of diamondback moth hatched, but it has not reached the degree of harm, so the corresponding measures should be taken according to the actual situation in the conservation area. Coal fouling disease caused by scale insects and aphids has also entered a peak period (on crape myrtle, Haitong, oleander, etc.). In mid-and late May, 10-fold pine resin mixture and 50% trithiophos emulsion 1500-2000 times were sprayed to control diseases and kill pests. (other available pesticides such as insecticides, Huabao, etc.)

June: the temperature is high

1. Watering: plants need a lot of water, so they should be watered in time, not "watching the sky to eat".

2. Fertilization: combine loosening soil and weeding, fertilization and watering to achieve the best effect.

3. Pruning: continue to peel off buds and remove tillers from street trees. Pruning hedges, balls and some flowering shrubs. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

4. Drainage work: when there is heavy rain, we should pay attention to the drainage work in low-lying areas.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: when the diamondback moth enters the peak incubation period in mid-and late June, timely measures should be taken. Now 50% fenitrothion emulsion is basically sprayed with 500-800 times liquid. (or sprayed with compound BT emulsion) continue to capture longicorn beetles by hand.

6. Do a good job in the inspection in front of the flood prevention platform for trees, and straighten, reinforce and re-bind the trees that are loose and inclined.

July: the temperature is the highest, and there will be strong winds and heavy rain after the middle of the year.

1. Transplant evergreen trees: during the rainy season, conifers and bamboos can be transplanted with sufficient water, but pay attention to weather changes and water them in time once they encounter high temperature.

2. Drainage: drainage should be done in time after heavy rain.

3. Topdressing: dry application of quick-acting fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer before rain.

4. Street trees: carry out anti-Taiwan peeling and pruning, trim all branches that are in contradiction with electric wires, and check the stumps one by one, and immediately straighten and tie them up when they are found to be loose and unstable. Prepare the labor organization, materials, tools and equipment in advance, and send someone to inspect it at any time to deal with the dangerous situation in time.

5. control of diseases and insect pests: continue to control longicorn beetles and diamondback moths. To control longicorn beetles, 50% fenitrothion 1:50 liquid injection can be used to control longicorn beetles, (or Guoshubao, or Yuanke No. 3), and then seal the hole, which can also achieve good results. Cinnamomum camphor nest borer should be cut off in time and the nest should be destroyed so as to avoid further harm.

August: it is still the rainy season

1, drainage: after heavy rain, the low-lying water should be drained in time.

2. Taiwan prevention of street trees: continue to do a good job of Taiwan prevention of street trees.

3. Pruning: in addition to the general summer tree pruning, the hedges should be styled and trimmed.

4. Weeding in the middle ploughing: weeds are also growing vigorously, so weeds should be weeded in time, and can be combined with weeding for fertilization.

5. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: mainly catch longicorn beetles, pay attention to the capture of longicorn beetles in the root. The harm of aphids and camphor nest borer should be controlled in time. Attention should be paid to powdery mildew and rot in wet weather, and timely measures should be taken. September: the temperature has dropped, welcome the National Day to do a good job of related work.

1. Pruning: greet the appearance of the city and peel the buds below the third-level bifurcation of the street tree. Hedge shape trimming. Weeding in the green space, cutting the lawn edge, cleaning up the dead trees in time, so that the trees have green branches and green leaves, and the green space is clean and tidy.

2. Fertilization: for some trees whose growth is weak and the branches are not full enough, some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: perforation disease (cherry blossom, peach, plum, etc.) was the peak, and 1000-fold solution of 500% carbendazim was used to prevent infection. Longicorn beetles began to turn to root damage, pay attention to the capture of root longicorn beetles. The wood beetle moth on poplar and willow should also be controlled in time. Do a good job in the prevention and control of other diseases and insect pests.

4. Do well the inspection of all kinds of greening facilities before the festival.

October: the temperature drops, the early winter begins in late October, and the trees begin to shed their leaves and enter the dormant period one after another.

1. Be prepared to plant trees in autumn. As soon as the leaves of a hardy tree fall, you can start planting.

2. Green space conservation: timely removal of dead trees and timely watering. The work of picking grass and cutting the edge of green land and lawn should be done well. Fertilizers should be applied if the grass flowers do not grow well.

3. Control diseases and insect pests: continue to catch root longicorn beetles. Camphor nest borer should also pay attention to observation and control. November: the soil begins to freeze at night and enters the middle of winter.

1. Tree planting: continue to plant hardy plants and complete the soil before freezing.

2. Turn the soil: turn the soil on the green space to expose the pests that are ready to overwintering.

3. Watering: watering dry and consolidated soil should be completed before freezing.

4. Pest control all kinds of pests will be prepared for winter in the last ten days, and the task of pest control is relatively light.

December: low temperature, start winter maintenance work.

1. Winter pruning: pruning some evergreen trees and shrubs.

2. Eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests.

3. Prepare for the adjustment work next year: after the deciduous plants have fallen leaves, observe the conservation area and draw the orientation to be adjusted.

VII. Quality objectives of green space conservation

(1) the technical measures of greening and maintenance are perfect and managed properly, so that the loess is not exposed to the sky.

2 garden plants

2.1 normal growth. All kinds of plants in the newly-built green space reached the normal form within three years, and the seedlings survived within one year due to the injury or death of plants and grasslands caused by poor management.

2.2 the crown of garden trees is basically complete, the distribution of main and side branches is symmetrical, the number is suitable, the pruning is reasonable, the inner chamber is not disorderly, and it is ventilated and transparent. Flowering shrubs blossom in time, normal, timely pruning after flowering. The branches and leaves of hedgerows and color blocks are normal and neat. There are no missing trees on the street and no dead trees in the green space.

Golden leaf banyan, golden banyan, Qin leaf banyan, willow leaf banyan, Fumu, Reed bamboo, weeping branch Dark Luo, red thorn tree, Haitong, flower leaf Fu mulberry, cycad, red thousand layer, woody night incense, pretty yellow clover, golden vein juniper bed, star anise plate, ground cypress, flower leaf cassava, southern bamboo, goose palm wood, flower leaf goose palm wood, pepper wood, red back cinnamon, red mulberry, Japanese clove, forsythia, flower and leaf forsythia, yellow leaf false forsythia, Jiuli incense, Euphorbia mandshurica, Euphorbia angustifolia, Amorphophallus, Spring feather, Tortoise back Bamboo, Euphorbia angustifolia, Caulownia, thick Leaf Stone spot, Colored Leaf Mountain Lacquer Stem, Ceylon Leaf Pearl, Rose

5. Flowering shrubs

African jasmine, mandarin duck jasmine, thin jasmine, hibiscus, Fusang, chandelier, hanging bell, poinsettia, plum, Gardenia jasminoides, hydrangea, red bract, wild peony, safflower, mandolin, white paper fan, red paper fan, yellow cicada, rhododendron, double-pod cassia, hard bone Lingxiao, myrtle, dragon boat flower, Phoenix tail pearl, Yunnan yellow Jasmine, jasmine, Wenshilan,

Spider orchid, crab claw flower, dwarf canna, Shihai pepper, Qin leaf coral, blue snowflake, blue star flower, Tibetan butterfly

6. Ground cover

Purple back bamboo taro, synthetic fruit taro, white butterfly fruit taro, green apple, hanging bamboo plum, kidney fern, cold water flower, small clam orchid, white crane taro, safflower Lantana, safflower Lantana, yellow flower Lantana, purple flower Lantana, silver chrysanthemum, dragon spit bead, shrimp clothes flower, firecracker red, Tianmen winter, seaside evening primrose, saddle vine, ivy, lotus, ginger flower, dry umbrella grass, papyracea, iris, thousand qu vegetables, daffodils, lotus, water lily, water lily, dry umbrella grass Trifid chrysanthemum, safflower pulp grass, Brazilian peanut vine, calla, purple silk amaranth, round leaf amaranth, colored leaf grass, fine leaf cherry, red and green grass, onion orchid, leek orchid, red top red, lily, calla lily, Catharanthus roseus, false thrift grass, Manila grass, camellia grass, Bermuda grass, big leaf oil grass, zebra blunt grass, Baishi grass, short leaf Ophiopogon japonicus

7. Fujimoto

Big flower old duck bill, make gentleman, coral vine, Parthenocissus, firecracker flower, white flower oil sesame vine, beautiful Zhengtong, wisteria, Pili, turnip, morning glory, maple leaf morning glory, snake vine, plain square flower, big flower horse petals, garlic vine, wood rose, Lianlian, passionflower

Part 7: "document on the configuration of Common plants in South China"

Practical table of plant configuration-brief table of common plant configuration

Aquatic plants:

Wet plants: dry willow, weeping willow, cotton willow, sand willow, artemisia willow, soap willow, small leaf poplar, Liaoning poplar, sand cypress, round cypress, Platycladus orientalis, metasequoia, neem, maple poplar, ash, forsythia, elm, split leaf elm, pumpkin elm, Chinese tallow, cherry blossom, Eucommia ulmoides, Luan tree, hibiscus, hibiscus, oleander, Parthenocissus, grape, wisteria, acacia, Tamarix, buttercup, water hyacinth seedling, long leaf alkali hair, marsh willow leaf, willow leaf lai, Mao Su, Mao Su Fructus thunbergii, peppermint, fresh vegetable, mother-in-law, watercress, watercress, water sedge, water sedge, flower sedge, squash, red phosphates, bamboo rushes, rushes, small rushes, fine rushes, flat storage, common Polygonum, red Polygonum, tufted Polygonum, Polygonum polygonum, Polygonum willow, Polygonum polygonum, Rhizoma Polygoni, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum officinalis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum. Euphorbia angustifolia, Rabdosia angustifolia, long Awn stick head, Wild Ancient Grass, Reed, Coix, Verbena, Wet plaque Bud,

Water-standing plants: spring onion, Reed, lotus root, mushroom, broad-leaf moss, alisma, lotus, Euphorbia angustifolia, cattail, Hedyotis diffusa, rainy flower, calamus, barracuda, rice, water pen, daffodil, water celery, Zizania caduciflora, taro, field grass, Reed, water chestnut, Jing trigonous, needle, water candle, umbrella sedge, broad-leaf cattail

Floating plants: duckweed, water hyacinth, water lily, Euryale seed, Wang lotus, Pingpeng grass, water hyacinth, water shield, raccoon, floating fern, keel petal,

Submerged plant: goldfish algae, in front of the water wheel

Color-leaf plants:

Red or purple: maple incense, lacquer tree, chicken claw maple, tea striped maple, southern snake vine, red oak, maple, tallow, torch tree, salt skin wood, Juglans mandshurica, southern Tianzhu, Wei spear, Hawthorn, Coptis chinensis, maple poplar, Berberis, Hubei goose ear poplar, Parthenocissus chinensis

Golden or yellowish brown: ginkgo, persimmon, Koeluan, goose palm autumn, sycamore, elm, walnut, catalpa, metasequoia, crape myrtle, elm, nan tree, sour jujube, kiwifruit, seven-leaf tree, water elm, wax plum, pomegranate, yellow locust, witch hazel, free from disease, acacia

Aromatic plants:

The aromatic plants that can be planted in residential areas are: peppermint, basil, bee flower, chamomile, lemon grass, sage, dandelion, marigold, thyme, chicory, geranium, mallow and other herbs, lavender, rosemary, gardenia, rose, lemon verbena and other shrubs.

The four seasons take turns fragrant woody plant configuration such as: spring plum blossom, orange blossom; summer gardenia, white orchid; autumn sweet-scented osmanthus and winter wax plum.

Anti-pollution and anti-exhaust plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, paulownia, white pine, juniper, coral tree, heather, Haitong, star anise gold plate, etc.

Nitrogen-fixing plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, honeysuckle, acacia, Caragana, soybean, Huzhizi, sweet sweet pea, red bayberry, Elaeagnus cycads.

Honey source to attract birds and butterflies plants: dwarf yew, rohan pine, Torreya grandis, tortoise torreya torreya, tortoise torreya torreya, camphor, Yangmei, Yangmei, peach, leaf coral, firethorn, yellow pod, Haitong, Jinpan and other large-leaf intoxicated fish grass and Coptis chinensis other fragrant flowers (such as citrus plants of Rutaceae)

Perennial (persistent root) flowers: torch flower (torch lotus) feather fan bean blue fescue falling bride golden chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum passing by yellow chicken chrysanthemum, large flower okra, peppermint, red flower, thistle leaf chrysanthemum iron chopsticks, garlic, day lily, Iris, purple dew grass, hairpin, flower leaf, canna, red leaf, canna, Dutch chrysanthemum, big Wu wind grass, Bletilla striata, persistent root beauty

Flowers and trees of the four seasons:

Spring: all kinds of cherry blossoms (morning cherry, evening cherry, weeping cherry, etc.), all kinds of begonia (Xifu begonia, papaya begonia, stick stem begonia, etc.), Magnoliaceae (Magnolia, Michelia, Michelia, etc.), Bauhinia, Red leaves, etc.

Plums, peach blossoms, camellias, primroses, cloves and so on.

Summer: crape myrtle, hibiscus, eight immortal flowers, Michelia, summer cuckoo, pomegranate (flower), gardenia, Lingxiao, acacia, acacia autumn: sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle, hibiscus, pomegranate, hibiscus, Lingxiao, etc.

Honeysuckle, Phyllostachys pubescens, Plum Blossom, Michelia, Camellia, Camellia, etc.

Classification of common greening tree species:

(1) evergreen conifers

1. Trees: Cedar, Korean pine, black pine, dragon cypress, Masson pine, cypress, cycad, Nanyang fir, Cryptomeria fortunei, Torreya grandis

two。 Shrubs: (Luohan pine), cypress, cypress, creeping cypress, Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei, five-needle pine

(2) deciduous conifers (no shrubs):

Trees: Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pinus elliottii, Cryptomeria fortunei, Cryptomeria fortunei

(3) evergreen broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: camphor, magnolia, privet, palm

two。 Shrubs: coral tree, big leaf yellow poplar, melon seed yellow poplar, sparrow tongue yellow poplar, wolfbone, orange tree, heather, Haitong, sweet-scented osmanthus, oleander, Huang Xin, Yingchun, golden coral, Phyllostachys pubescens, June snow, lobular privet, star anise plate, gardenia, mosquito mother, camellia, hypericum, rhododendron, silk orchid (polo flower, arrow hemp), cycad (iron tree), ten great efforts

(4) deciduous broad-leaved trees:

1. Trees: weeping willow, straight willow, maple poplar, dragon claw willow, Sapium sebiferum, Sophora japonica, Qingtong.

Paulownia, Platycladus orientalis (French sycamore), Sophora locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Robinia pseudoacacia, Albizia, Ginkgo biloba, neem (neem), catalpa

two。 Shrubs: Cherry blossom, Magnolia, peach blossom, wax plum, crape myrtle, bauhinia, Qi tree, green maple, red leaf plum, sticking begonia, bell hanging begonia, eight immortal flowers, hemp leaf hydrangea, golden bell flower (gold bar), hibiscus (hibiscus), mountain hemp pole (Guiyuan tree), pomegranate

(5) Bamboo: Cixiao bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Guanyin bamboo, Phoenix tail bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo, gold inlaid Jasper bamboo

(6) Fujimoto: wisteria, Luoshi, Dijin (Parthenocissus, Parthenocissus), ivy, grapevine, Fufang vine

(7) Flowers: sunflower, everlasting chrysanthemum, red, canna, amaranth, cabbage, chrysanthemum, orchid

(8) Lawn: velvet grass, Zoysia grass, Ophiopogon japonicus, four seasons grass, tall fescue, Manila grass, clover, horseshoe Jin

Detailed list of common plant configuration

Commonly used street tree table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Phoenix wood Delonix regia Raffin haemataceae umbrella-shaped positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, fast-growing, anti-pollution, wind-resistant; beautiful red flowers, florescence from May to August

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Acacia Albizia farnesiana Wild. Umbrella-shaped deciduous subtrees of the mimosa family, fast-growing, dense branches and leaves, golden flowers and excellent tree potential

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Banyan Ficus retusa Linn.. Spherical deciduous tree of Moraceae, having a broad crown, fast-growing and strong canopy, suitable for all kinds of pruning

Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Ness. Spherical evergreen tree of the family Lauraceae, having a broad, large round crown, strong growth and beautiful appearance.

Pukui Livitonia chinensis R.Br. The umbrella tree of Palmaceae is erect with dark green leaves, strong growth and beautiful posture.

Longan tree Euphoria longana Lanark. The round evergreen trees of the disease-free family have a round crown, strong canopy, slow growth and beautiful posture.

Azadirachta azedarach Melia azedarach Linn. Umbrella-shaped deciduous tree of the family Azadirachaceae, having a fast-growing, deformed crown, slightly umbrella-shaped, and lilac flowers.

Sycamore Sterculia platanifolia L. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Polygonaceae, having broad leaves, rapid growth, erect young, and scattered crowns of the eldest.

Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, with large, thin leaves, scattered branches, umbrella-shaped crown and beautiful posture.

Red poplar Alnus formosana Makino. Fagaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen tree, able to withstand heat and humidity, uncomfortable on dry land and hard soil, tall and beautiful

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae umbrella-shaped evergreen trees, strong, fast-growing, graceful leaf-shaped southern fir Araucaria cuninghamii coniferous evergreen coniferous trees, positive, like warm and hot climate, not cold-resistant, like fertilizer, fast growth, narrow conical crown, graceful posture

Qinghai spruce Picea carassifolia Pinaceae tower-shaped evergreen coniferous tree, neutral, shallow root, suitable for Northwest China

Pinus koraiensis Pinus koraiensis tower-shaped evergreen conifers, weakly positive, like cold, cool, humid climate and acid soil, needles blue-green

Round cypress (juniper) Sabina chinensis conical evergreen coniferous tree, positive, young trees slightly tolerant to shade, drought and barren, cold, slightly resistant to moisture, pruning, dustproof and sound insulation

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Acacia Acacia confusa Merr. Leguminous umbrella-shaped evergreen trees having smooth bark when young, rough when the eldest, curved trunk and strong growth

Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera L. Palmaceae pinnate evergreen broad-leaved tree with bifurcated trunk, strong heat resistance, strong growth and beautiful posture

Long-leaf sunflower (Canary jujube) Phoenix dactylifera pinnately evergreen broad-leaved tree of the family Palmaceae, having a stout trunk, tall and majestic, and densely spreading pinnate leaves

Wang Brown (King Coconut) Oreodoxa regia H.B.K. Palm family umbrella-shaped single-stem erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba, umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Ginkgo biloba, having yellow autumn leaves, cold tolerance, deep roots, resistance to stagnant water, resistance to a variety of poisonous gases

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Chinese white poplar Populus tomentosa umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Populus tomentosa, like warm and cool climate, anti-pollution, deep roots, fast-growing, long life; straight tree shape, straight trunk, gray-white bark

Populus tomentosa Populus nigra var. Italica Salicaceae narrow cylindrical deciduous broad-leaved tree, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, slightly resistant to saline-alkali and water humidity, and growing fast.

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella deciduous broad-leaved tree, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, smoke and dust resistance, dry and cold resistance, light saline-alkali resistance, pruning resistance, autumn leaf yellow {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Commonly used landscape tree property table

Tree features of nomenclature family

Camphor Cinnamomun camphcra large evergreen trees of the family Lauraceae, with alternate leaves, Ternate veins, two aromas and globose berries.

Platanus Platanus x acerifolia Egg-shaped like warm, anti-pollution, resistant to pruning. The crown is big and shady, so it is suitable for street trees and courtyard shade trees.

Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora L. Ovoid evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae with fragrant white flowers and graceful tree shape

Magnolia Magnolia denudata umbrella shape is quite hardy, afraid of stagnant water. The flowers are white and blossom from March to April. Suitable for garden viewing.

Liriodendron (Liriodendron) Liriodendron chinense umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of Magnoliaceae, like warm and humid climate, strong resistance, fertile acid soil, rapid growth, long life, leaves similar to mandarin, yellow-green flowers, large and beautiful.

Platycladus orientalis Thuja orientalis Linn conical evergreen tree, neatly shaped when young, often curved when the eldest, strong growth, long life, beautiful tree

Faxinus insularis Hemsl. Oleaceae round evergreen tree, strong, rapid growth, beautiful leaf shape Chongyang Bischoffia javanica Blanco Euphorbiaceae round evergreen tree, young leaves sprouting, very beautiful, strong growth, beautiful tree

Weeping willow Salix babylonica Linn. The umbrella-shaped deciduous subtree of Salicaceae, suitable for low temperature, luxuriant and rapid growth, and beautiful tree appearance.

Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz cypress umbrella-shaped evergreen trees with grayish brown bark irregularly longitudinally lobed; branchlets alternate green when young flattened.

Dawang coconut Roystonea regia Palmaceae umbrella-shaped erect, up to 18m high, slightly hypertrophy in the central part, pinnately compound leaves, strong vitality and great ornamental value

Euonymus tomentosa Euonymus japonica is ovoid in warm and humid climate, resistant to poisonous gases. Watch the leaves. Suitable for hedgerow and basic planting.

Maple Liquidamdar formosana Hance. Conical deciduous tree of the family Hamamelidaceae, having smooth gray bark, triangular leaves, slow growth and beautiful appearance.

Maple poplar Pterocarya stenoptera Walnut has strong umbrella adaptability, moisture resistance and fast growth. Suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees

Evergreen creeping dwarf shrub of the family Sabina procumbens, with branches climbing to the ground and leaves with spiny leaves. Slow growth, unique tree style, green and smooth branches. The suitable land is beautified around the courtyard stone, pool, sand pit, slope and so on. {maintenance measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Duranta repens round evergreen shrubs of Verbenaceae. Suitable for large potted plants, flower beds and hedges. Yellow leaf forsythia is mainly for viewing leaves and has a wide range of uses. it can be used for ground cover, trimming modeling, forming patterns or emphasizing color matching. Chinese wolfberry Ilex cornuta is round and resistant to poisonous gases and grows slowly. Green leaves and red fruits are very beautiful. Suitable for basic planting. Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of the family Shouma, having large, thin leaves, scattered branches and beautiful posture

Ulmus parvifolia Ulmaceae umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree, like warm and humid climate, resistant to drought and barren, deep-rooted, fast-growing, long life, resistant to smoke and dust, strong dust retention ability

A conical evergreen middle tree of Juniperus Chinensis Linn cypress family, having dense dark green branches, strong growth, suitable for pruning and beautiful posture.

The round white flower of Pittosporum tobira family is fragrant and blossoms in May. Suitable for basic planting, hedges or potted plants. Sea jujube Phoenix dactylifera Linn has umbrella-shaped dry tillering, up to 20-25m high, gray-white leaves with curved bow, strong growth and beautiful trees.

The umbrella shape of Salix matsudana Willow is suitable for shade trees, street trees and bank protection trees.

The umbrella-shaped pollen of the mimosa family of Albizia julibrissin is red, from June to July, it is suitable for ornamental trees and street trees.

Black pine Pinus Thumbergii Porl. Conical evergreen trees of the family Pinaceae, having grayish brown bark, orange-yellow branchlets, hard two-tufted leaves and long life

Red leaf plum Prunus cerasifera. F.arropurpurea small deciduous umbrella-shaped tree of the Rosaceae, having smooth, reddish-brown branchlets, ovate leaves, all-purplish red, light pink flowers in April, and purple drupes. It is suitable to plant alone and in groups, setting off the background.

Washington Palm Washingtonia filifera Wend. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped single trunk cylindrical, base hypertrophy, as high as 4cm 8m, fan-shaped round leaves, healthy growth, beautiful tree posture {conservation measures of southern plant sea jujube.

Sophora japonica Leguminosae has dense umbrella-shaped branches and broad crown, so it is suitable for shade and street trees.

Huanghuai Cassia glauca Lam. Round deciduous tree of the family Leguminosae having even-pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers and fast-growing beautiful trees

Feather-leaf maple (double-leaf maple) Acer negundo umbrella-shaped deciduous broad-leaved tree of the family Aceraceae, like fertile soil and cool and humid climate, resistant to smoke, dry and cold, light saline-alkali, pruning, yellow autumn leaves

Acer palmatum Aceraceae has beautiful umbrella-shaped leaves with red autumn leaves. It is suitable for garden viewing and potted plants.

Pseudolarix amabilis Rehd. Pinaceae ovoid tower-shaped evergreen trees, branches and leaves sparse, leaves strip-shaped, long branches alternate, leaflets radial, tree posture strong and straight.

Wine bottle coconut Hyophorbe amaricaulis Mart. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped dry height of about 3 m, the base oval hypertrophy, forming a wine bottle, the posture is very beautiful

Orange tree Citrus reticulata Rutaceae round flowers white, fruit yellowish green, fragrant. Suitable for cluster planting.

Melia azedarch Linn. Round deciduous tree of the family azadirachaceae, having grayish brown bark, bifurcate odd, pinnately compound leaves, purple flowers, and rapid growth.

Serissa serissoides round evergreen shrubs of Rubiaceae. The leaves are dark green, the flowers are snow-white and slightly pink. Slender branches and leaves, good texture, suitable for potted plants, hedges, ground covers, flower beds, pruning shapes.

Juniperus chinensis var. Kaituka, Hort Cypress erect tower-shaped evergreen middle trees, dense branches, dark green, strong growth, long life, beautiful posture

S. J. cv. Pendula leguminous umbrella-shaped branches drooping, suitable for garden ornamental, opposite or row planting

S. M. cv. The round branches of Tortuosa Salicaceae are twisted like dragons, which are suitable for shade and ornamental trees.

Prince Robbie Phehix Roebelenii Brien. Palmaceae umbrella-shaped stem erect, 2m high, petiole thin and small, leaflets alternate, or opposite, is an excellent variety of beautiful leaves.

Podocaarpus macrophyllus D. Don long conical evergreen trees of the family Luohansong, elegant and elegant, can be trimmed into high-grade bonsai materials, or shaped into circles, cones and layers for landscaping.

Masson pine Pinus massoniana Lamb. Umbrella-shaped evergreen trees of Pinaceae having reddish-brown dry skins and brown winter buds. The tree is majestic.

South Nandina domestica berberaceae umbrella-shaped branches and leaves are beautiful, autumn and winter red fruit; garden ornamental, can be planted in clusters or pots. Araucaria ecelsa Br. Conical evergreen coniferous trees of Taxodiaceae, having whorled branches, drooping lower parts, dark green leaves, beautiful appearance and strong growth

Ligustrum lucidum Ligustrum lucidum. Oleaceae ovate flowers white, flowering in June. Suitable for hedges or street trees.

Livistona chinensis R. Br. The umbrella-shaped stem of Palmaceae can be up to 612 m high, with round leaves, spiny edges of petiole, luxuriant growth and elegant posture.

Junlperus chinensis cv. Globosa. Broad-rounded shrubs of the cypress family, without trunk and clustered with branches.

Green maple Acer serrulatum Aceraceae umbrella-conical deciduous trees. Dry upright. The posture of the tree is light and soft, which can form a noble bonsai for elegant street trees, landscaped trees and forest bath trees.

B. bodinieri is suitable for ornamental garden because of its fine ovate branches and leaves. It can be planted in clusters, hedges or potted plants. Japanese Cryptomeria fortunei Cryptomeria japonica D. Don Taxodiaceae conical, ovate, round evergreen trees. The branches are whorled, euphemistic

Part 8: cultivation and Conservation of Palm plants

Palmaceae is a very characteristic evergreen plant in Monocotyledon class, its stem is solitary or tufted, erect or climbing; leaves gather at the top of the stem, developed roots, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, excellent effect in creating tropical landscape style. This edition will introduce its introduction, transplanting and disease control.

Brief introduction of introduction process

There are about 2400 species of palms belonging to 183 genera in the world, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical humid areas of the world. High temperature and high humidity are important conditions for the normal growth and development of most palm plants. a few palm plants have a unique ability to adapt to adverse environment, such as silver jujube (wild jujube) distributed in extremely arid areas on the edge of the desert. and many palm species that can endure flooding for a long time, such as swamp palm. Most palm plants are rich in fiber, tough stems, well-developed roots, and strong wind resistance, such as false betel nut and sunflower.

Since the 1940s, the landscape effect of palm plants has been recognized in the construction of many tropical and subtropical cities around the world, and they have been used as key varieties for urban greening and beautification, such as Miami in the United States, Jakarta in India, Bangkok in Thailand, and Cape Town and Singapore in South Africa.

Some garden companies in Guangdong began to introduce and apply palm plants since the early 1980s. Over the next two decades, southern provinces such as Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Yunnan, have successively set off an upsurge of introduction, production and application of palms.

According to the theories of plant geography and ecology, several units headed by Guangdong Palm Garden Company observed and studied the growth and mortality of introduced and domesticated palms. It is found that the plants originating from the northern hemisphere generally have the potential of cold tolerance because of the ancient glacial climate, while the species native to high latitudes and high elevations in the southern hemisphere also have strong cold tolerance. Through the study of cold tolerance and cold tolerance mechanism of palm plants, researchers found that the main factors affecting introduction and domestication are temperature, light, humidity, moisture, soil and so on. The most significant role of temperature factor is to dominate the growth and development of plants, and low temperature in winter is the dominant factor affecting the success or failure of palm introduction and domestication; through the study of salt tolerance and shade tolerance of palms, researchers have selected a number of varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance and shade tolerance; at the same time, through the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as palm Phytophthora, coconut leaf beetle and red palm weevil, the incidence of palm diseases and insect pests has been greatly reduced. In addition, the researchers also studied the mechanism of palm seed germination, summarized and invented the technology of palm seed germination, and mastered the techniques of full crown transplantation and large container seedling cultivation of palm plants. and effective work has been done on soil improvement, cold protection and conservation in winter.

At present, researchers have selected and popularized about 80 species of palm plants in South China, including Dawang coconut, sunflower, palm bamboo, southern coconut, fish-tail sunflower, and so on. More than 10 species of palm plants have been successfully applied in Shanghai and its surrounding areas, such as Budi coconut, Washington palm, Canary jujube, Washington coconut, and so on.

Take Washington Brown as an example.

Discussion on the occurrence and control of Phytophthora

Harm and general symptoms of Phytophthora palmiti

The disease is often harmful to palm plants such as coconut, sunflower, Washington brown, old sunflower, Canadian jujube, etc., the heart leaves of the diseased plant can not erupt normally, the new leaves shrink and wither, and in serious cases, the whole plant wilts. The pathogen of Phytophthora is caused by Phytophthora and can be identified by incubator. The pathogen overwintered mainly in the soil or on the remains of diseased plants. Germs spread through watering, rain splash, air flow and so on.

Incidence regularity of Phytophthora in Washington

The disease occurred during the period of high temperature and humidity in summer and autumn. Poor management before drought and rain or after transplanting, such as pouring water, soil water content

Plants that are suddenly elevated, poorly ventilated, or located in the tuyere are susceptible to disease. The disease is serious in low-lying, poor drainage and continuous cropping land. In addition, the disease is often related to serious root injury caused by digging seedlings and long-distance transportation.

When it occurs, the base of the undeveloped young heart leaves rot, and the leaves are grayish green and drooping, which can be pulled out with a little effort. Dissecting the stem, it can be seen that there are paste secretions and foul smell in the growing point and even the heart of the whole plant, and white mildew can grow in the susceptible tissue. Seriously affected plants often suffer from root damage, and the main symptoms are blackening and rotting of the roots.

Taste. The disease mainly occurs in the seedling stage and nursery, and the adult trees planted on the green space rarely occur.

Symptom

In recent years, the damage in the nursery is quite serious. At the initial stage of the disease, the yellowish-brown watery spot occurred near the ground, the spot expanded rapidly, slightly sunken, the surface was dense white cavernous mold when it was wet, and the disease part rotted and smelly. When the disease occurs on the leaves, the diseased part is yellowish brown and white mildew grows under wet conditions. When the disease occurred on the stem, it was dark green at first, then expanded, moist and softened, and the upper part of the stem withered in the later stage. The disease can harm the whole palm plant. Sometimes the roots and stems are cut open with purulent fluid exudation, and in severe cases, the veins of young leaves have a large number of gray-black mycelia. Phytophthora is a vascular bundle disease. In severe cases, the whole plant wilts, droops and dries up to death, and the mortality rate is high.

According to the investigation, the peak period of the disease is the period of high temperature and humidity, that is, the optimum temperature is 27 ℃ to 35 ℃. For example, in 2006, the onset period in the coastal areas near the Pearl River Delta was from July to October, from August to November in Xiamen, from June to September in Shanghai (also in early spring), and from August to November in the mountains in the western Pearl River Delta. However, the disease can be seen in all parts of the country from January to February after typhoon and rainstorm. Sometimes sporadic, sometimes in patches.

Prevention and cure method

1. Prevention of cultivation measures

1. Pay attention to the ventilation, dryness and drainage of the nursery, trim the leaves appropriately in autumn and winter every year, and dig holes and cultivate the soil to keep the nursery dry. Potassium fertilizer can be applied at ordinary times, quicklime and superphosphate can also be applied respectively to enhance plant tissue density and infection resistance and improve plant disease resistance.

two。 To select a good plot, it is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam land with high topography and good drainage for planting.

3. Rotation is implemented, requiring rotation for more than three to four years on land that has been planted with Washington brown.

4. Strengthen field management, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote plant growth, deep roots and leaves, and improve resistance. Carry out high ridge (border) cultivation. Proper control of watering in the rainy season, timely drainage after rain, so that the rain is dry; timely watering in case of drought, flooding is strictly prohibited during watering, and carried out in sunny afternoon or evening.

5. Give priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention. Usually pay attention to observation, often prune dead branches and leaves, find diseased plants, clean them up in time, bury them deeply or burn them, and disinfect the diseased points with lime.

II. Chemical control

One or two months before and during the onset of summer, 64% alum wettable powder (1 ∶ 500 to 600), 80% aluminum ethyl phosphate (1 ∶ 400), or other dioxin, such as carbendazim, that is, Tushuxiao (common dosage is 600 to 700 times), stone sulfur mixture (1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100), dioxone (500 times), etc. Specific prevention and control methods: when transplanting Washington brown, first spray the planting site and Washington brown roots with 600 to 700 times solution of soil bacteria, or dig a pit to sterilize in the sun on a continuous sunny day, or sprinkle lime powder to disinfect, or disinfect the soil with 500 times solution of dimethazone.

After the typhoon, timely spray disinfectant alum (better) or ethyl phosphate aluminum (easy to produce drug resistance), add 0.4% washing powder to heart or spray prevention and treatment. It can also be sprayed with 80% mancozeb 700 times solution, once every 7 to 10 days, even two or three times, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of Phytophthora. After taking this measure, the incidence of Washington Brown and Mao Washington Brown in the Shanghai base of Guangdong Palm Garden Company has dropped from 20% in 2004 to less than 10%.

Experience of prevention and treatment

The control effect of carbendazim is not obvious. At the initial stage of the disease, if all the leaves are cut off and transplanted elsewhere, about 30% of the plants can be revived one after another after 2 to 3 years, but the growth is poor.

It is understood that the disease rarely occurs in high-temperature and dry areas such as Los Angeles, so the disease is related to high temperature and humidity, and it is infected through surface water, groundwater and Rain Water. When the roots, trunks and leaves of the plant are damaged, the bacteria invade and multiply in large quantities when the water is sufficient, which eventually leads to the blockage of vascular conducting tissue and the loss of water and wilting and death of the plant. In fact, the heart rot introduced in the literature is also Phytophthora, but it occurs in the heart lobe.

The disease is different from anthrax, which occurs in leaves, appears watery spots, and then expands into larger spots, which is easy to be found. generally, carbendazim and other agents can be used for prevention and treatment. As for leaf spot disease, it refers to the disease on leaves, the common pathogens are leaf spot mold, Alternaria, and so on, which often cause leaf blight, but anthracnose and leaf spot rarely cause plant death. Technique of transplanting large seedlings of single stem

Preparation before transplantation

l. The roots of the seedlings to be transplanted were cut in advance, the size of the soil ball was twice the diameter of the ground, and the depth of the roots was 50 cm to 60 cm. The broken root soil should be backfilled in time after removing stones and broken roots, and do a good job of moisturizing: the purpose is to calcine the adaptability of seedlings and tend to grow new roots. After cutting the root, it is best to retain it for more than 30 days, and not transplant until the new root begins to germinate. If the use of false planting seedlings, the effect is better.

two。 Dig holes and prepare for ploughing. The planting site is burrowed 20 days before transplantation, and the size of the hole is generally 1.5 times that of the earth ball. When the burrowed soil is exposed to the sun in the open air for a period of time, it is best to use pre-prepared mixed soil: pond mud + farm manure or mushroom soil + appropriate amount of mature phosphate fertilizer + appropriate amount of river sand, sand ∶ mud is 4 ∶ 6.

Planting time

The Pearl River Delta region can be transplanted throughout the year, preferably in spring and autumn, and try to avoid summer and winter, especially in January and July. Palm plants mostly like temperature and humidity, the summer air temperature is high, and the seedlings evaporate quickly, which is easy to cause too much water loss and affect survival; in winter, the temperature is low, there is even frost in some places, and the strong north wind is easy to cause frostbite or even freeze to death of seedlings.

Transplanting seedlings

The stem of some single-stem palm seedlings is thicker, the workload of transplanting is heavy, and the seedlings are easy to be injured, so it is necessary to use gunny bags or straw to cover the trunk, especially the green trunk at the boundary between the trunk and petiole. One is to protect and expand the tree trunk, and the other is to moisturize and protect against the sun. In addition, the seedlings are combined with pruning leaves to remove old leaves and retain 40% to 45% of the leaves (depending on the strength of the tree). At the same time, cut off the leaf and petiole to reduce the evaporation of water.

Planting

The seedlings had better be planted on the same day. If the time is too long, the water evaporation of the seedlings is large, and it is easy to survive due to water loss. If you can't finish planting on the same day, cover it with a shade net and spray a small amount of water on the leaves every day to shade and moisturize.

1. Return to the soil to set the position of the seedlings, that is, to return to the soil. When you return the soil to half the height of the earth ball, the loose soil will be compacted first. After returning to the soil, the mound is made into a "water storage basin" with a slightly higher surrounding and a slightly lower middle to facilitate water retention and moisturizing.

two。 Immediately after dripping water back to the soil, immediately drench the root water, before dripping water, use bamboo sticks to insert the loose soil around the soil ball, until the loose soil no longer sinks.

3. There are many kinds of fixed supports, and the triangular support made of three bamboo poles is the most economical and practical one. The height of the binding is at 2 stroke 3 of the trunk.

Post-planting management

l. Moisturizing spray leaf and trunk bandage twice a day, except in rainy days, to spray wet leaf and trunk bandage. The roots are not drenched with water, because there is excess water flowing down, and the stagnant water causes rotten roots. Cover straw around the tree head to prevent the soil from hardening caused by excessive soil temperature difference, and keep the soil around the soil ball loose, moist and aerated, which is conducive to the germination of new roots.

two。 Fangfeng is generally tall because the large seedlings of single-stem palm plants are generally high, and they are often affected by thunderstorms and strong winds after transplantation, so it is necessary to regularly check whether the support is loose after planting, especially if you find that the trunk is tilted after the gale.

3. About a month after topdressing, urea water can be used as extra-root topdressing, spray, topdressing time about half a month. After the first new leaf is grown and ripe, dig holes and fertilize with fully mature peanut bran. The hole-digging position is outside the edge of the soil ball to open a circular trench with a width and depth of 30 cm, and the fertilizer and backfill should be mixed evenly.

4. Because of the relatively weak tree potential, the newly transplanted single-stem palm seedlings are extremely vulnerable to diseases and insect pests, especially young leaves and heart leaves. Insecticidal can be killed with 5% methamidophos and 5% omethoate. At present, the invasive pest "coconut leaf beetle" is very harmful to palm plants. Adults and larvae concentrate on the foliage of heart leaves that have not yet been unfolded, resulting in the death of some or all of the newly extracted leaves and slow growth of the damaged plants. even withered. There are the following prevention and control methods: ① 81% marathon emulsion 1000 times, ② cypermethrin 500x solution, ③ use of "coconut Jiaqing", can achieve a good control effect. According to the actual operation, the author thinks that the most simple, convenient and long-term method is to combine with binding "Coconut Jia Qing" to prevent and cure it on the heart leaves.

About a month after planting, palm science university seedlings can determine whether they survive according to whether their leaves remain green or not, but in order to really determine their survival, it is generally necessary to wait for a growing season and take whether they have sent out new shoots and roots as the standard. After the author adopts the above transplanting techniques, the transplanting survival rate is increased from 75% to more than 90%, and the above techniques are highly operational, so it is necessary to popularize and apply them.

Transplanting techniques of seedlings, big trees and clump seedlings

Key techniques of seedling transplanting

Palm plants are most suitable for transplanting within a period of time after they germinate and take root. At this time, the seedlings are small and can be transplanted with seeds. in addition, there are few whisker roots, so it is not easy to damage the roots when transplanting seedlings. Using nutrition bag to raise seedlings, the size depends on the time of cultivating seedlings. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to use 16 cm × 18 cm container for 1-year-old seedlings and 19 cm × 20 cm for 2-year-old seedlings. Too small nutrition bag is not conducive to the rapid growth of seedlings. Loose topsoil, burning soil and wheat bran were mixed with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer according to the ratio of 5 ∶ 2 ∶ 1, and then bagged. First put in half a bag of mixed soil and then release the seedlings, then straighten the seedlings and compact them, so that the roots of the seedlings are close to the mixed soil and drenched through water. Palm plants should not be planted too deep, otherwise the growth of seedlings will be affected. When it is too deep, the seedlings should be lifted up to make the roots of the seedlings expand.

Key techniques for transplanting big trees

Palm plants are cultivated in the nursery for 5 to 10 years, and most of them need to be transplanted in separate beds for several times, so sparse planting and strong seedlings are selected, and the survival rate is higher.

To reduce the damage to the root group, the root tissue of palm plants is young, and there are many lateral roots and capillary roots. When digging, they should take large soil balls as much as possible and prevent them from loosening and cracking. The course of root injury should be reduced to a minimum in order to maintain normal respiration and water absorption and improve the survival rate of transplantation. During the construction, the line should be accurately laid out and the hole should be determined to avoid overwork and prevent the soil ball from being loose.

The amount of leaves retained in leaf pruning and transplanting should be comprehensively determined according to different species, climate at the time of transplantation, transplantation and maintenance conditions.

Generally, about 40% of the original number of leaves should be retained. Too many leaves will lead to withered and yellow leaves due to large water evaporation; if there are too few leaves, the plant recovery is difficult and the cycle is long, and the initial landscape effect is not good.

In the process of digging, transporting, loading and unloading the stem and its pseudostem, the stem should be protected from damage, and the part of the pseudostem should not be squeezed and bent, which is the guarantee of plant health and rejuvenation as soon as possible.

Palm plants in the newly planted soil will damage the root tip during transplantation, and it is difficult to germinate new root tip within one month after transplantation, so the water absorption capacity is weak. At this time, good water permeability and air permeability of the soil is conducive to the survival of seedlings, so large holes should be dug and attention should be paid to the quality of guest soil, and peat soil and compound fertilizer should be added to facilitate recovery after palm planting.

Maintenance within one month after planting, the adaptability of the plant is poor, to deal with the careful maintenance of seedlings, must be timely replenishment of water, proper shade, and strive to make it have new leaves to sprout within three months. If there is a rainy climate for several consecutive days after transplanting, palm seedlings will recover better because they can avoid the influence of adverse factors such as hot sun on rainy days.

Key techniques for transplanting large-scale clustered seedlings

The tufted species of Palmaceae have multiple growing points and can grow new roots more quickly after transplanting. However, tufted palms also have some disadvantages, such as large water evaporation due to trunk weight and large leaf area, and being vulnerable to strong winds because of poor air permeability. Therefore, in addition to the disposal according to the transplantation of dry palms, the following technical measures should be added:

1. After the implementation of the "hairy root method" transplantation, after digging up the larger soil balls, use a small shovel to remove part of the soil along the outer edge of the soil balls, retain more fibrous roots and moderate soil balls, and immediately outsource moisturizing lightweight materials to reduce the weight of the soil balls and ensure survival. For example, this method can be used for the transplantation of clump palms with slow recovery, such as fishbone sunflower and betel nut.

two。 The implementation of bare root pseudo-planting or pot planting concentrated maintenance until the new root germination, plant stability before formal planting. This method is suitable for rough tufted palms such as loose-tailed sunflower, strange wrinkle palm and Hawaiian coconut, which can reduce freight and facilitate construction.

In short, the transplantation of large seedlings and big trees of palm plants is to grasp five aspects, namely: selecting strong seedlings; digging soil balls and carefully transplanting seeds; moderately pruning leaves; doing a good job of ventilation and drainage of planting land; and sun protection and moisturizing after planting. The sign of the success of transplanting big seedlings and trees is that most of the leaves can be preserved and new leaves can be sprouted within half a year after planting, among which three healthy new leaves can be used as the complete success of the transplant.

Drainage: the hydrological condition of the planting land should be understood first, and the bottom of the soil ball should be placed at the position where the soil ball is 100-150CM above the perennial underground water level line and the soil layer is thick. at the same time, the underground soil ball root hydrophobic layer and the surface runoff drainage network should be done well to prevent the soil ball from accumulating water after planting. If the hydrological conditions can not meet the requirements, the method of throwing high soil balls can be adopted, that is, mixing fertile soil with loose medium or heaping high planting land with coarse sand to meet the above requirements as far as possible, and then placing the plant on the soil mound, and filling the soil ball with mixed loose soil or planting soil mixed with rot soil; remove debris from the soil around the planting site, or properly use loose medium to improve the soil, so as to achieve the condition of loosening and ventilating the root of the plant. Strengthen the inspection in the rainy season, dredge the drainage facilities and loosen the soil at the roots in time, so as to prevent waterlogging and drainage. Moisturizing: immediately after planting, the fixed root water should be irrigated to ensure that the root of the soil ball is moist and closely combined with the surrounding soil to promote the development of the root system, and then irrigate the soil ball three times in time to prevent the topsoil from cracking. In the hot summer, more water should be sprayed on the ground and canopy to increase the ambient temperature and reduce transpiration; the moisturizing treatment of the leaf surface includes: a, the newly planted seedlings should be properly built to reduce the transpiration area of the leaves; b, anti-transpiration agents should be properly sprayed on the leaves to inhibit the physiological metabolism of plants and reduce the physiological dehydration of plants. C. Under fine weather conditions, we should spray water to the leaves as much as possible, strengthen the water absorption of leaves and weaken transpiration; check the water status of soil balls and roots at any time and replenish water in time to ensure the moisture of soil balls and the permeability of root respiration. Fertilization: after planting, in addition to moisturizing the plant, foliar fertilizer with appropriate low concentration can be sprayed to strengthen the nutritional supplement after planting. Check the root germination status of the plant frequently, if it is found that the plant grows new roots, you can consider increasing root fertilization, generally choose the season when the monthly average temperature is higher than 20 ℃, apply organic fertilizer as much as possible, and properly apply compound fertilizer with high P and K content, so as to promote the nutritional balance of the plant and ensure its Shaanxi to restore healthy growth. Pest control: spraying medicine before the nursery comes out of the nursery, and after arriving at the construction site, it is also necessary to spray the plant before unloading, and to ensure that the plant is sprayed three times at intervals of one week to ten days after planting, and then it is necessary to formulate a reasonable pest control plan. Special

Part 9: "maintenance Program"

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd.

Raise

Protect

Square

Case

Nanjing Gensen Flower and Tree Co., Ltd.

October 8, 2010

General situation of project

Shilien (Nanjing) Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. is located at No. 31 Hengfei Road, Nanjing Economic and technological Development Zone, with a green area of 28186 square meters. The greening plant configuration in the factory area is relatively reasonable, the color is rich, and the seasonal change is obvious, forming a hierarchical and natural ecological plant community, which basically shows the natural landscape of plants. The configuration of plant flowers, shrubs and hedges among factories makes each plant form different landscape styles. The factory has planted dozens of plant varieties, such as camphor, magnolia, beech, sweet-scented osmanthus, crape myrtle and so on, among which there are boulevards composed of camphor, ancient red maple, fruit pomegranate, Xifu begonia, ginkgo, Canadian jujube and other varieties.

In view of the existing situation of the greening landscape in the factory area, we think that the initial construction of greening is relatively extensive, and the understanding of plant habits is not enough, especially the replacement of planting soil in the greening land is not in place, and the garbage soil in some areas has not been replaced, resulting in poor plant growth.

Arrangement of greening maintenance plan

January (Lesser Cold, Greater Cold)

1. Fruit trees are shaped and pruned.

two。 Always pay attention to check cold-proof equipment, facilities and seedling cold-proof bandages.

3. Turn the land for winter ploughing and apply sufficient winter fertilizer.

4. Cut off the branches and leaves of withered, residual, disease and insect pests, and thoroughly remove the overwintering skin insect sac, stinging moth cocoon and latent overwintering insect pests.

February (the Beginning of Spring, Rain Water)

1. Continue to prune deciduous and fruit trees in winter.

two。 Continue to cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, and pay attention to observe the occurrence of diseases and insect pests (such as cotton blowing scale, grass scale, etc.).

3. Continue to accumulate fertilizer and make compost, prepare culture soil, and continue to apply winter fertilizer to all kinds of deciduous trees. March (stinging, the Spring Equinox)

The weather is getting warmer and many diseases and insect pests are about to occur. It is necessary to maintain and repair all kinds of pest control and disease prevention equipment and prepare medicines. Pay attention to the occurrence of aphids and paramecium and control them in time. April (Qingming Festival, Grain Rain)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of scale insects, mites, ground tigers, aphid grubs, mole crickets and powdery mildew and rust.

two。 Do a good job of loosening soil, weeding, fertilizing before flowering and so on. Thin fertilizer should be applied to perennial root flowers and spring sowing grass flowers every week.

3. Do a good job of peeling and pruning trees. Remove superfluous buds and inappropriate branches at any time.

4. Dredge and repair the drainage system.

May (the Beginning of Summer, Lesser Fullness of Grain)

1. The shrubs that bloom in spring are pruned after flowering and hedgerows are trimmed. According to the technical operation requirements, the trees are pruned, and the roots of the seedlings that sprout are pruned at any time.

two。 Continue to strengthen the maintenance and management of trees, do a good job in replenishing seedlings, interspersing seedlings, fixing seedlings, increasing topdressing and frequently applying thin fertilizer.

3. As the temperature is getting higher and higher this month, a large number of diseases and insect pests do harm to trees and flowers, so we should pay attention to the prediction and forecast of insect situation and do a good job in pest prevention and disease prevention.

4. Carry out lawn rolling and cutting to continue to remove weeds from the lawn.

June (Grain in Beard, the Summer Solstice)

1. This month enters the plum rainy season, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, should carry on the replanting as soon as possible.

two。 The flowering shrubs were pruned and fertilized after flowering, and some spring sowing grass flowers were pruned.

3. Continue to remove weeds and continue to roll and cut.

4. To do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, this month we will focus on the prevention and control of bag moth, diamondback moth, poisonous moth, inchworm, tortoise scale and other pests as well as leaf spot, anthrax and coal pollution.

July (Lesser Heat, Greater Heat)

1. The weather is hot this month and weeds are growing fast. We should continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 There are a large number of pests such as bag moth, diamondback moth, longicorn beetle, tortoise scale, shield scale, the second generation cotton blowing scale, mites and so on. at the same time, we should continue to control anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot and so on.

3. When the temperature is high in summer, Rain Water should be irrigated to fight drought. This month is also a month with more torrential rain, so we should pay attention to flood prevention.

4. As the typhoon and tidal flood season enters this month, it is necessary to do a good job in Taiwan prevention and flood control, check regularly, and correct the wind and fallen trees in time.

August (the Beginning of Autumn, the End of Heat)

1. Continue ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil.

two。 Continue to do a good job in drought prevention and drainage to ensure the normal growth of seedlings.

3. The seedlings are growing vigorously this month, so fertilizer should be applied in time and thin fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings.

4. Continue to do a good job in typhoon prevention and flood control, and correct the fallen trees as soon as they are found.

5. To continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to conscientiously control the main pests that harm trees (diamondback moth, second-generation diamondback moth, longicorn beetles, mites, etc.) and major diseases (powdery mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, etc.).

September (White Dew, the Autumn Equinox)

1. Continue to do a good job in pest control and disease control; in particular, it is necessary to regularly check the occurrence of aphids and cysts, and immediately prevent and cure them as soon as they are found.

two。 Continue to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding, continue to remove lawn weeds, carry out lawn rolling and pruning, and trim balls and hedges.

3. Continue to do a good job in pest prevention and control. In particular, it is necessary to check the occurrence of aphids, pocket moth, diamondback moth, brown spot, flower and shrub coal pollution and other diseases and pests, timely prevention and control.

October (Cold Dew, Frosts Descent)

1. Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and eliminate all kinds of adults and eggs.

two。 Continue to plough and weed.

3. After the seedlings stop growing, check the survival rate, find out the family background, and ensure the smooth progress of winter and spring greening work.

November (the Beginning of Winter, Lesser Snow)

1. Do a good job in preventing the cold, whitening some trees or bandaging them with grass rope.

two。 Pruning trees in winter, cutting off diseased branches and dead branches; there are insect egg branches and competitive branches.