A brief introduction to the breeding methods and matters needing attention at the head of Hongyun

"Hongyudang" is a flower of the pineapple family, which blossoms at the top or middle of the plant.

Pineapple likes a warm and humid environment, the suitable growth temperature is 21-28 ℃ during the day and 18-21 ℃ at night, and the air humidity should be high, generally 75-85%. When the plant growth is less than 50%, the plant will shrink leaves and curl. Ventilation is also extremely important, and the effect is not obvious when the temperature is not high, but it is especially prominent in the high temperature season. Ventilation not only makes the plant grow strong, but also reduces the infection of diseases.

Watering for 2-3 days is appropriate, and watering should be in the "cup" shape of the plant, not directly in the substrate of the flowerpot, reasonable fertilization, spraying new high-fat film to preserve soil moisture.

Spraying Zhuangtiling at the bud stage can make the buds strong, the petals enlarged, the flowers colorful, the fragrance strong and the florescence prolonged. There is no need to apply fertilizer in the flowers, cut off the flowers in time after flowering and replenish the fertilizer, and the fully water-soluble fertilizer can also be poured in the leaf cup with watering. After the small plant grows, it can be cut off from the mother plant with a sharp knife and planted separately. In general, the old plant will no longer blossom, and it can be used as the mother plant to cultivate new plants in the future.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Qianban White Peach

The plant kingdom.

Phylum angiosperm

Dicotyledonous class

Mu Qiang Wei Mu

Family Rosaceae

Belong to the genus Peach

38 Flora of China

White peach (scientific name: Amygdalus persica Linn. Var. Persica F. albo-plena Schneid.) flowers are white.

1. Flat peach (variety)

Peach has been cultivated for a long time and many excellent varieties have been cultivated in edible groups. according to the characteristics of fruit and fruiting habits, peach varieties in China can be divided into five variety groups, briefly described as follows. 1. In the northern peach population, the fruit tip is sharp and protruding, the suture line is deeper, the tree shape is straight, and the proportion of medium and short fruit branches is larger. Resistant to drought and cold, it was harvested one after another from May to December. It is mainly distributed in North, Northwest and Central China. two。 The fruit tip of the southern peach population is round and obtuse, and the pulp is soft and succulent; the crown is spreading; usually long branches bear fruit; and the flower buds are mostly compound buds. The drought resistance and cold tolerance were slightly weaker than those of the northern variety group. It is mainly distributed in East China, Southwest China and South China. 3. Yellow flesh peach population has golden skin and pulp, and the meat is tight and tough, so it is suitable for processing and canning. There are more cultivation in northwest and southwest of China, but less in North and East China. 4. The flat peach population has flat fruit with concave ends, spreading crown, short and dense branches, many flowers and high yield. Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the most cultivated, while North China and Northwest China are less. 5. The fruit of nectarine population is glabrous outside. It is produced in northwest provinces and regions, especially in Gansu and Gansu.

2. Ornamental tree species

There are many ornamental tree species of peach. The common ones are summarized as follows: 1. Green peach (group fragrance spectrum) f. Duplex Rehd. Double, light red. 2. Red peach (group fragrance spectrum) f. Magnifica Schneid. Double, bright red. 3. Red flowers and green peaches f. Rubroplena Schneid. Semidouble red. 4. Crimson peach (group aromatic spectrum) F. camelliaeflora (Van Houtte) Dipp. Semidouble / crimson. 5. Thousand petals of hearts (Qunfang) F. dianthiflora (Van Houtte) Dipp. Semidouble / light red. 6. Single peach (group fragrant spectrum) f. Alba (Lindl.) Schneid. Flowers single, white. 7. Thousand petals white peach (group fragrant spectrum) f. Albo-plena Schneid. Semidouble, white. 8. Sajinbitao f. Versicolor (Sieb.) Semidouble white Voss, sometimes red and white on one branch, or white with red stripes. 9. Purple leaf peach blossom f. Atropurpurea Schneid. The leaves are purple. 10. Green peach f. Pendula Dipp. The branches droop. 11. Tower type green peach f. Pyramidalis Dipp. Tree-shaped narrow tower-shaped or narrow conical. 12. Longevity peach (history of Runan Pu) var. Densa Makino is short in shape and has double flowers. It can be used as ornamental and dwarfing rootstock.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of succulent plants (experience)

Many flower lovers hope to see a valuable breeding method and precautions for succulent plants, and hope to obtain useful knowledge in an article. For flower friends, the new experience of experienced flower friends is better than stereotyped theoretical knowledge.

There are many kinds of succulent plants, such as crassulaceae, apricot, cactus, etc. can be called succulent plants, but the breeding methods are different, so flower friends must understand clearly, this article is mainly about the succulent plants of Sedum family, that is, our common succulent plants.

Next, let's take a look at Huayou Xiaoyao's "my Sedum potted experience Summary". I hope Huayou can read it carefully.

The author is located in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, where the highest temperature in summer is 38 degrees. From November to March in winter, the lowest temperature is 22 degrees below zero. Generally speaking, 17 degrees below zero is the extreme. The climate is characterized by less rain in summer, windy in spring, short in autumn and great fluctuation in temperature. Culture conditions, exposed in the outer windowsill, a small platform of about 8 square meters, indoor in winter.

Brief introduction

Many friends who have just entered the meat pit worry about many things, such as what basin to use, the proportion of soil, what fertilizer and interval to use, the frequency of watering, and so on, but the old birds will never worry about these, why? Because the veteran understands that basin, soil, water, fertilizer, environment, plant and so on are interactive unity, it is meaningless to pay attention to one of these factors alone.

For example, if the basin is very transparent, then there is no problem with finer soil particles; if the soil is coarse and the fine content is very little, then watering is necessary; if the organic matter in the soil, such as peat, is relatively high, then there is little need for fertilizer; if the growing season is well ventilated, then fertilizer and water are supplied as much as possible; if the indoor environment is given priority to, try to use small basins to strictly control water. And so on, of course, the novice lacks the cognition, does not have the experience accumulation that can be pinched casually, or should operate conservatively.

Every meat lover yearns for the beauty of Sedum. Low temperature, ultraviolet light, water control and ventilation are the magic of shaping and coloring. Many people are talking about the temperature difference, I do not think so, I think the low temperature is to the point, and the temperature difference as the element is not accurate, low temperature and large temperature difference is not a concept, our northeast region no matter what season there is a temperature difference of more than ten degrees, but Jingtian will not be beautiful in summer, why? Because the temperature is not low enough. As a beginner, you must understand the relationship between ultraviolet and glass. Glass contains silicon that blocks most of the ultraviolet rays in the sun, which are necessary for the beauty of Sedum.

We must understand a truth, that is, why Sedum is beautiful? The so-called beauty is the emergency response of Sedum to the harsh living environment, indicating that the environment is not suitable for growth. Strong ultraviolet light, low temperature, lack of water and other factors that are not conducive to growth cause plants to fold up their leaves and change their pigments to cope with the harsh environment, while also reducing the growth rate. So growth and beauty are a pair of contradictions, beginners often ask: why the beautiful Sedum I bought will turn into green vegetables and beauty no longer? The answer is that they are growing, they have a favorable environment and eat. So the extreme of beauty is abnormal, if you want to be beautiful, don't be kind to it, abuse it!

1. Selection of basin

I like the rough pottery basin, first of all, it is well permeable, and secondly, because there is too much perlite in my soil, the pottery basin can ensure that it is stable and will not be blown over by the strong wind. Coarse pottery pots are cheap and have a wide range of shapes to choose from. although they are not as beautiful as purple sand, they are definitely better for plants than purple sand pots. Because the permeability of purple sand basin is much worse.

The red pottery basin is extremely permeable and coincides with the plant root system, so it is a good choice for some plants which are afraid of stagnant water, but because the capillarity of clay will make the basin soil dry quickly, watering frequency should be increased during normal maintenance. Some friends want to use a simple way to achieve a controlled and brilliant appearance, then the choice of red pottery basin is worth considering, it can make the soil dehydrated quickly.

Plastic pots are cheap and portable, save space, and are also very suitable. at present, the bottom hole design of some succulent special plastic pots is scientific, and the permeability is greatly improved. It's just that the safety of exposure should be considered in windy areas. In recent years, the permeability of the root control basin is very good, but the water retention of the single-layer root control basin is only slightly better than that of the red pottery basin, and the double-layer root control basin is similar to the permeability of the coarse pottery basin.

Porcelain pots are only thicker and heavier than plastic pots, which can slow down the stimulation of external temperature changes to the root system, because the simple bottom hole makes it far less permeable than plastic pots, especially narrow and deep porcelain pots are very unsuitable for raising meat, and special cushions are needed to enhance permeability.

The general principle of using the basin is that the permeability of the basin wall should be good, the shallow basin should be used for the deep basin, the wide-mouth basin should be closed, and the safety of plants and environment should be taken into account.

2. Distribution of soil

Taking into account the economy, my soil is mainly coarse-grained perlite, northeast pine needle soil, stone slag, the volume ratio is about 5:3:1, plus a small amount of charcoal, activated carbon, nut shell. The advantages of this kind of soil are good permeability, slowly released humic acid and other nutrients, moderate weight and low cost, but its disadvantages are not durable and will be pulverized and hardened. Although it will not affect the health of Sedum, it is not as durable as pure coarse-grained soil. My first batch of Sedum is the coarse-grained soil used, mainly light stone, phytolith, ceramsite, green zeolite, road construction slag, charcoal and so on. The main particle size is 0.6 to 1.2 cm, without adding peat or pine needle soil, these basin soils have not been changed for three years, and the present state is still very good, which shows that coarse granular soil is the best choice for adult plants.

For sowing and raising seedlings, I mainly use coconut bran soil, peat soil, peat soil, vermiculite, fine perlite and rice husk charcoal, which are basically mixed in the same proportion.

If you don't care that the basin soil is too heavy and don't consider the physical strength of screening and handling, I think the debris of granite wind fossils is the best soil for sedum. The Maifan stone on the market is actually a kind of granite, but many of the Maifan stones on the market are fresh gray granite slags, and reflectors can be seen on the surface of the particles. This kind of fresh rock has no water absorption and permeability, it is difficult to release mineral nutrients, sharp edges will reduce soil porosity and is not conducive to the root system. What I suggest is the kind of granite with a high degree of weathering, which is available in many places and can be obtained at no cost, but it is very heavy!

Volcanic rock is a very poor granular soil, although the volcanic rock on the market has many gaps and cheap, but sharp edges and angles, extremely incompatible with plant roots, as a pavement or basin bottom cushion can be considered, try not to use volcanic rock as soil composition.

If the cost is not considered, phytolith and green zeolite should be the best soil composition, all excellent.

Northeast pine needle soil is an excellent organic matter plant material, which is better than peat when used as an adult plant, and has better permeability, stability and anti-corruption, but the pine needle soil of Masson pine in the south is different.

Deer marsh soil and red jade soil, feel general, performance-to-price ratio is not superior.

Light stone, or pumice, can be used as a substitute for perlite, light, permeable, absorbent, stable and non-pulverized.

Charcoal particles are an excellent regulating ingredient, omnipotent, of course activated carbon is better.

Diatomite looks good, but I doubt it's good value for money, and I doubt its affinity with plant roots.

3. Watering

I belong to the watering type, and will be treated differently according to the season, basin soil and plants. Slide along the edge of the basin during the non-peak growing season, once every 10 days. The growing season may be flooded once every 5 days. For water-loving varieties such as antlers and begonias, tap water is used to rest for more than two days. Due to the high hardness of the local water quality, purifying water should be used on the spray leaf surface to avoid leaving salt on the leaf surface, which will block the leaf stomata, affect plant respiration, and is not conducive to beauty.

The water droplets on the leaves will focus like a convex lens, and the sun will burn the plants, so try to water them in the evening. The sun has set in the west, and the water droplets on the leaves will dry at night.

As for whether to avoid watering the leaves, I can't avoid it. For dense groups without watering the leaves, it's impossible to water them as much as you like.

After long-term indoor breeding, the body should be exercised by controlling the water before going out of the house, and the dewy Sedum should be honed after autumn in order to fight the cold, prolong the time of outdoor cultivation and reduce the occurrence of frostbite. In addition to using thumb pots and granular soil, flower friends who do not have exposed conditions should also control the water and control the type, lengthening the watering interval, and watering along the edge of the basin without watering thoroughly.

4. Fertilization

I like to use water and fertilizer, growing season bar, watering into the home-brewed fruit enzymes, brew EM bacteria liquid, biogas liquid, beer, bean cake hemp residue fermentation liquid, calcium treasure (a trace element mixture), brassin, amino acid fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, heavy calcium superphosphate, urea, boron fertilizer, magnesium chloride, ferrous sulfate, etc., according to different plants and different seasons and choose, I call cocktail fertilization method. Of course, a little bit of controlled-release granular fertilizer is also used.

Sedum does not have much demand for fertilizer, and the general principle of fertilization is to absolutely avoid high concentration, and generally the concentration of soluble solids should be controlled at about 1/10000. Avoid high nitrogen and do not feed partial food. Fertilizer quality is more important than quantity, and the so-called quality refers to nutritional balance.

Seedling Sedum can give urea or general nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer that kind of nitrogen fertilizer, in order to improve the growth rate. Nitrogen fertilizer should be used carefully for adult plants, which will promote overgrowth.

Phosphate fertilizer is very important and should be put in the first place of a large number of elements. Do not ignore the importance of trace elements, biological fermented fertilizer can help achieve nutritional balance, can not be ignored.

Fertilization should be treated differently according to the distribution of soil, for example, the soil with more peat can use less or no nitrogen fertilizer, and the release of humic acid is enough. Weathered or porous cuttings will release mineral nutrients, which will be released slowly naturally, while perlite and fresh rock and quartz river sand will hardly release nutrients.

The multi-void particles in the mixed soil will absorb the free mineral elements and then release them slowly, which is very beneficial to the return of fertilizers, and all the high-quality particles we use have this function.

Enzymes and other liquid fertilizers containing living bacteria can not only promote plant health and vitality, but also help soil optimization.

Don't buy some compound fertilizer at the agricultural aid store and give it to Sedum. That kind of fertilizer is often of poor quality and is not suitable for succulent plants. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be bought for analytical purity, online or at a chemical store.

5. Medication

Even if there are no pests or diseases, proper medication is still necessary. About once every two months, the roots are irrigated with insecticides and fungicides. Insecticides mainly use avermectin, imidacloprid, scale must be treated, and fungicides mainly use carbendazim, methyl thiophanate, chlorothalonil. When raising indoors in winter, fungicides will be encrypted.

The main way of medication is to irrigate the root and soak the basin, but spraying leaves is not important. Bugs and germs are mainly in the soil, and inhaled drugs can be absorbed by the roots.

Adult soil will be sterilized with potassium permanganate solution, and sowing soil will be sterilized with methyl topiramate.

Before serving the basin, the purchased new goods will be soaked in the liquid solution with insecticide and fungicide eliminate virus for 20 minutes. This step is useful.

Insecticidal and sterilization are based on prevention, do not wait until the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, when it is often too late. It is not that not seeing insects on plants means that there are no insect pests, most of which are invisible in the soil.

Plants with serious pests or diseases can consider throwing them away so as not to start a prairie fire.

I occasionally use brassin in biohormone drugs.

6. Sun shading, rain protection and freezing protection

When the local summer sun is also fierce, I feel that 33 degrees is the limit. If it is lower than 33 degrees, there is no need for sunshade. If it exceeds the need for sunshade for non-sun-resistant varieties, the local area is the arid area of western Liaoning. There are very few rainy days. Rain protection is not a problem.

In the early spring and late autumn, anti-freezing is a big problem, the low temperature season is the golden season of Sedum, reluctant to give up dew, but also have to prevent disaster, very tangled. My experience is that most Sedum varieties can survive the weather with a minimum temperature of minus 5 degrees, while a small number of varieties such as evergreen grass and Wasong can withstand minus 20 degrees.

For meat lovers in Northeast China who need indoor breeding in winter, there is a great risk of outdoor breeding in early spring. On the one hand, they need to take advantage of the non-toxic sun to go out as soon as possible to complete the safe transition. On the other hand, the weather fluctuates greatly at that time, and the probability of sunburn and frostbite is high. Only diligence and diligence can avoid disaster.

The resistance of plants has a great relationship with the degree of exercise, the honed plants have thick skin and thick flesh, and the resistance will be greatly enhanced, so it is meaningless to talk about how much a plant can tolerate, and you need to explore on your own.

7. Pollination breeding

In order for Sedum sedum to blossom at the same time, they should be allowed to grow in the same environment, so that the hybridization can be completed well. I like to use dental sticks as pollination tools. Attention should be paid to the health status of the mother plant at the flowering stage, when the mother plant is seriously depleted. Once it is found that the mother plant has no physical strength, it should be cut off the foil, improve the growth conditions and rejuvenate as soon as possible.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace elements should be strengthened during flowering and fruit setting period.

8. Sowing and raising seedlings

I like to sow seeds in spring, when the seeds are fresh. After two months of seedling stage, summer is safer. Sowing soil is a mixture of peat soil, peat soil, coconut bran soil, vermiculite and fine-grained perlite. Before sowing, sterilize with methyl topiramate with mixed water, sow on the soil surface, do not cover the soil, put it in a bright place indoors, cover it with moisturizing box or plastic film, and emerge seedlings for about a week. In the seedling stage, it is necessary to keep dry and wet alternately, exercise strong seedlings, and give enough light to prevent overgrowth. Soak the basin with insecticides to prevent pests in the soil.

The soaking pot method should be used as far as possible to watering the seedlings so as not to wash the seeds and seedlings.

Stiff seedlings occur from time to time, often due to root problems, or there may be pests in the soil that gnaw on the roots of seedlings, resulting in rootless seedlings. The treatment of stiff seedlings can be uprooted and cut roots, changed the soil, and replanted.

9. New plant planting

The newly bought Sedum paniculata needs to do some homework because of its various sources, damaged roots and unhealthy posture. First of all, we have to clean up the roots, cut off the dead roots and weak roots, and soak them in a solution mixed with pesticides and fungicides for 20 minutes. I often use avermectin and carbendazim, which is troublesome, but it is still very necessary. Exotic plants, no matter how good they look, can hide risks and drive carefully for ten thousand years.

Directly on the basin after the medicine bath, and then irrigate the basin soil with liquid medicine, until thoroughly, put in the indoor lighting good benefits. As for what others say about Chao soil potting and drying roots, I don't think so.

10. Old pile cultivation

The old pile is very beautiful, but it should not be encouraged by pulling out the seedlings. Some people break leaves to make the old pile. This kind of old pile is not enough in taste and lack of methods. Time is created, wait patiently for time this magician's miraculous craftsmanship, there will be surprises naturally.

Many people asked me how those old pile students intervened, but I was speechless because my method was non-intervention. The creator gives you magnificence and magic, and nature is the best sculptor and beautician.

Except for millet star and money string, I seldom cut the head and sprout, and I have never done it to pull out leaves and make poles. Even the semi-withered leaves should not be picked, until they are completely withered and then pulled out, the nutrients of the old leaves will be slowly recycled by the plants, and the poles that fall off naturally will be beautiful.

11. Tools

Yangjingtian's tools are very simple, including large and small tweezers, elbow hemostatic forceps, sharp-nosed pots, sharp-nosed bottles, medical scalpels, scissors, spray cans, balloon blowing, sprayers, dental sticks, brushes and eyedroppers.

Medical elbow hemostatic forceps are very easy to use for cleaning, and it is most convenient to pull out dead leaves.

The dental coating stick is suitable for Sedum pollination, the size is right, and the pollen sticking is excellent.

Blowing balloons is very important, cleaning the dust of leaves and blowing off the water droplets after watering are easy to use.

The kind of agricultural sprayer with a capacity of more than 5 liters can be bought, which is easy to pump and has a long rod, especially for those who have many pots, water spraying is very simple.

For some large groups full of pots, changing the basin is troublesome. You can use the upper end of the large tweezers to insert the edge of the basin backwards to separate the root system from the basin wall, then use strong objects to insert slowly along the edge of the basin, and then pull the main stem out.