Cultivation techniques of potted colored calla lily

Color calla is a perennial herbaceous bulb flower of Araceae. Its flower shape is elegant and colorful. It is a new favorite in the flower market and can be cultivated as cut flowers and potted flowers.

Botanical characteristics of potted calla

The leaves of colored calla lilies are basal, entire and emerald green, and some varieties have white spots on the leaves and the stalks are more than twice as long as the leaves; the flower stem is higher than the leaf, the inflorescence of the fleshy spike is yellow, and the bud is white, yellow, pink, red and purple, similar to horseshoe-shaped and fleshy.

Preliminary preparation of potted calla lily

Seed ball breeding or seed ball breeding. The growth life of bulb is 4 years. Pot planting bulbs are selected from cut flower bulbs that have not been harvested for two years, and 6 to 9 one or two centimeter bulbs are planted around the mother ball, which is of the best quality. Three-year-old bulbs harvested cut flowers for one season, the growth was weak, the wounds produced by cut flowers were easy to be infected with bacteria, and the incidence of soft rot of bulb roots was high during cultivation.

The treatment of seed ball with gibberellin and fungicide can increase the number of flowering and control soft rot. Generally speaking, gibberellin-treated bulbs have twice as many flowering as untreated bulbs. In addition, gibberellin slightly increased plant height, slightly reduced leaf width, and softened tissue.

Knapsack sprayer can be used to spray gibberellin and fungicide. Avoid soaking seed balls with chemicals to reduce the spread of germs. The pharmaceutical configuration is as follows: 20 ml of copper hydroxide solution is put into each liter of clear water, and gibberellin of 125ppm is added. Adding some disinfectant of copper preparation to gibberellin solution is helpful to control the spread of bacteria and reduce soft rot. Do not stand still after the medicament is mixed. The solution must be stirred to prevent precipitation. The planting ball should be air-dried, not with a fan.

After receiving the seed ball, the grower should immediately open the package, remove the seed ball infected with soft rot, and then wash his hands to avoid spreading the bacteria to other healthy seed balls. If it's green mold or black mold, it doesn't matter. Place the seed ball in a well-ventilated tray under 18 ℃ and plant it two or three days later, so that the wound caused by the seed ball during transportation can be healed before planting. If the storage time is 6 weeks or more, it should be kept in a dark, cool and ventilated place, such as a warehouse with a temperature of 10 ℃ and a relative humidity of 80%. During storage, the seed balls are germinated face down and placed in a single layer in a plastic turnover box.

The container chooses 12 centimeters to 20 centimeters high foot plastic basin, which is beneficial to the drainage and ventilation of the matrix, and one or two kinds of balls are planted in each basin.

The cultivation substrate of color horse is very important. The matrix should be clean and permeable, with pH between 6 and 6.5 and EC below 0.5. Color horse hair root avoid high salt matrix, the best porosity is 20% ±5%. 30% to 50% rough peat soil should be used, mixed with large-grained perlite, coarse sand, fir bark, pumice or slag. Due to the mutual exclusion of pine bark and paclobutrazol, care should be taken or avoided. Coarse sand can stabilize the flowerpot so that it is not easy to pour. Gypsum or lime not only helps balance pH, but also provides calcium that is conducive to the healthy growth of plants.

It is suggested that the matrix formula is as follows: 5 parts of coarse peat soil, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of 3.2 mm to 6.4 mm fir bark and 1 part of coarse sand. Coconut bran and coconut shell fiber are high-quality salt-free matrix mixed materials, which can improve the quality of flowers and stems in cut flower cultivation, but it will increase the incidence of seed bulbs in pot culture. Therefore, it is not recommended to use coconut bran as potted substrate for color horses.

When planting in the pot, put the bud eye of the seed ball upward and the circle facing down. The roots of colored calla lilies grow from around the bud eyes of the upper part of the bulb, so pay attention to the appropriate planting depth. The top of the bulb should be covered with a matrix ranging from 2.5 cm to 3.8 cm deep. If the cover of the bulb is too shallow and the root is exposed to the soil, it is easily threatened by light and dry air; if the bulb is exposed to the surface of the basin soil, it is difficult for the new root to grow.

After sowing the ball in the pot, pour it thoroughly with clean water, put it on the germination cart, promote germination in the germination room or small greenhouse, and keep the temperature at 22 ℃, which is beneficial to germination neatly and reduce the heating cost. Sprouting for about 6 days, when 50% of the potted flowers sprout, they can be removed from the germination chamber, or in two batches. If sprouting in the greenhouse, the shade net should be covered to prevent the temperature from getting too high.

Management of potted calla lily during its growing period

In the first stage, in order to control the disease, the root was irrigated with four-in-one fungicide solution on the 4th day after potting. The four-in-one fungicide solution includes 4 to 8 milliliters per 100 litres of metalaxyl, 98 grams per 100 litres of ethylphosphine aluminum, 30 grams per 100 litres of azoxystrobin, and 60 grams to 120 grams per 100 litres of streptomycin sulfate.

From potting to seedling height 2.5cm to 7.5cm, from 12 to 25 days, keep the temperature at 24 ℃ during the day and 18 ℃ to 19 ℃ at night. In the early stage of winter production, proper heating can improve the vitality and growth of plants. After 6 to 10 days of growth, the seedlings were irrigated with paclobutrazol 6ppm to 8ppm when the height reached 1.25cm to 5cm. The dwarf varieties of small flowers do not apply paclobutrazol; the concentration of compact varieties is lower; the tall stalk growing exuberantly, suitable for large potted flowers and cut flowers should be irrigated twice, and the concentration is higher. If the germination growth of the seed bulb is inconsistent, the flowerpots that germinate to a high level will be irrigated first and marked; the potted flowers that do not germinate high enough will be irrigated after reaching the standard.

The second stage is about a week after budding, or from the first root irrigation with paclobutrazol until the leaves unfold, which should be 14 to 28 days or 50 days, depending on the variety. Keep 21 ℃ to 24 ℃ during the day and 12 ℃ to 15 ℃ at night. Cool nights reduce plant height and delay production.

In the third stage, the buds begin to grow and color. According to different seasons and conditions, it is about 50 to 75 days, with a temperature of 18 ℃ during the day and 10 ℃ to 13 ℃ at night. Under the condition of insufficient light or no paclobutrazol in the second and third stages, the temperature can be reduced by 1 ℃ to 2 ℃. This low temperature can improve the living habits of plants and reduce the use of paclobutrazol, but it will prolong the growth period. It is worth noting that calla lilies stop growing when the temperature is 10 ℃ or slightly below 10 ℃, which can delay its flowering and market.

Negative temperature difference or morning cold stimulation from two to five days after the first use of paclobutrazol, the greenhouse was cooled for 3 ℃ to 6 ℃ in the morning from 5: 00 to 8: 00 in the morning, resulting in a negative temperature difference, that is, cold stimulation, which can reduce the use of paclobutrazol and make the plant healthy and compact. The cold stimulation technique will not prolong the growth period of the plant.

The only way to accelerate the flowering of calla lilies is to increase the average temperature. However, in warm climates, especially in low light, plants can grow and, in severe cases, cause leaves and buds to sag. In the early stage of plant growth, if light-colored yellow leaves appear, it is usually caused by high temperature, so it is best to plant earlier, because low temperature will slow plant growth. this is better than planting later and raising the temperature in the second and third stages.

The growth of color horses needs sufficient light, and it is appropriate to control it at 5000 to 50, 000 Lux, which is insensitive to photoperiod. Many flower growers put colorful horses like pineapples and Anthurium andraeanum, which are overcrowded and poorly ventilated, causing potted flowers to grow weak. For the display density of color horses on the seedbed, it is better that the leaves of the plants do not touch each other and have a slight gap. In winter, the temperature in the Yangtze River basin is low, and it is cloudy and rainy. The plastic film greenhouse should be replaced with a new film, and the fixed second film can not be used. Open the second film during the day to ensure sufficient light.

Humidity and ventilation in the case of poor air circulation, weak light or crowded plants, too much humidity and overheated or cold growth environment will lead to diseases of leaves and roots. In the production of Lunar New year Flowers, it is necessary to turn on the internal circulation fan all night to generate horizontal air flow in the greenhouse and reduce humidity. Spitting water from leaf tips or droplets hanging from leaves can induce bacterial rot. It is worth noting that too dry environment will narrow the leaves, affect the plant growth potential and even the number of flower buds, and finally affect the product quality.

The use of water sources with clean bacteria-free and EC values less than 1.5 is beneficial to the healthy growth of plants. Water supply with high salinity or other problems needs to be treated before use.

Watering depends on the season, temperature and water-holding capacity of the substrate. Keep the basin soil moist to avoid being too wet or too dry. After the first root four-in-one prophylactic fungicide, pour a small amount of water until the leaves unfold, and the second sterilization irrigation is carried out from 14 to 21 days. Avoid stagnant water in basin soil, otherwise it is easy to spread diseases. When slow-release fertilizer is applied under warm conditions, the alternating environment of extreme drought and excessive humidity will damage the root system, which greatly increases the possibility of plant infection.

Too dry the pot soil will cause the buds to wither. Watering should be sufficient and thoroughly, and the water from the bottom of the basin can take away the excessive salt accumulated by the basin soil. Avoid tidal irrigation and bottom seepage irrigation to avoid spreading diseases. Long-term wet basin soil will cause moss on the surface, which is not conducive to the disease management of calla lilies.

The ideal initial fertilization for fertilizer is to mix 15-3-15 slow-release fertilizer with matrix and add trace elements if possible. Keep the basin soil moist and keep the EC value between 1.5 and 2.0. avoid exceeding 2.50. Do not use ammonia nitrogen, it is recommended to use constant 100ppm to 150ppm liquid fertilizer, and add trace elements. In the case of weak light or poor growth conditions, it is necessary to increase the fertilizer concentration, such as fertilizing once a week, using fertilizer with 100ppm concentration; once every two weeks, using fertilizer with 200ppm concentration; if not applying fertilizer regularly, use fertilizer with 300ppm concentration. 1.5 grams of 15-3-15 slow-release fertilizer can be added to each 15cm flowerpot. If the basin soil is too dry and the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the slow-release fertilizer will cause fertilizer damage and salt burn at the edge of the leaf for more than 30 days. Adding 1.78 kg of lime and dolomite per cubic meter of matrix can provide plants with calcium and increase disease resistance. To darken the leaves, 46.9 milliliters of iron chelate can be added to 100 liters of water and sprayed weekly after the leaves unfold. The use of paclobutrazol and lower temperature can also darken the color of leaves.

In order to increase the ventilation and transmittance of large leaf varieties, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of nitrogen and increase phosphorus in fertilizer. The use of 10-30-20 slow-release fertilizer can make the plant grow more robust and smaller complete leaves, and increase the number of flowers.

In the last 6 weeks of the growing period, watering thoroughly with water for three to five times can clean the leaves, prevent the basin soil from accumulating salt and burn the roots.

Paclobutrazol is the most effective growth regulator of calla. When the buds of the color horse grow to 1.25 cm to 5 cm high, the basin soil must be moist when paclobutrazol is sprayed for the first time, preferably one or two days after fertilization or after the second sterilization and root irrigation in the basin soil. The second spray of paclobutrazol is usually 6 to 10 days after the first use. The effect of using paclobutrazol with low concentration (6ppm to 10ppm) in two times was better than that of spraying solution with higher concentration. It is recommended that 177ml be sprayed in 15cm pots and 118ml in 11cm pots. The use of too much paclobutrazol will cause the plant shape to shrink, reduce the number of flowers and delay flowering. The correct use of paclobutrazol can greatly improve the quality of finished flowers and is beneficial to long-distance transportation.

Small flower varieties with narrow leaves should not use dwarf, large flower varieties can be irrigated with 8ppm paclobutrazol twice, and tall cut flower varieties can be irrigated with 10ppm paclobutrazol for two or three times.

In addition to the concentration, there are many factors that affect the effect of paclobutrazol, such as weak light or short sunshine, too high or low temperature, too dry basin soil, spraying dwarf and then watering, and so on. The use of paclobutrazol is not only a science, but also an art. The same concentration will have different effects in different varieties, regions and seasons. In order to accurately grasp the timing and concentration of spraying, it is necessary to record in detail the environmental conditions of each spray, substrate humidity, temperature and light after use, and so on.

The main diseases for the control of color horse diseases and insect pests are seed bulb soft rot caused by Irwin's bacteria, sheath blight and so on. When the plant has yellow leaves, as long as the producer withdraws the plastic basin, the corresponding basin wall root system of the yellow leaf can be seen to show water-stained transparent roots, which is the diseased root, while the healthy root system is white.

Check the plant every week for the following conditions: root browning, uneven growth, plant disease, thin roots and so on. Once the disease is found, prevention and treatment should be carried out in time. For the pretreated corms, the root was irrigated for the first time within two to six days after the initial watering. If it is not the pretreated tuber, the root should be irrigated within two or three days after the initial watering; the second root irrigation should be carried out from 14 to 21 days after the first root irrigation; and the third root irrigation should be carried out from 21 to 28 days after the second root irrigation. All spraying and root irrigation should be carried out in the morning, or early enough so that all leaves can be completely dry overnight.

In the production of Lantern flower, due to the rapid growth of new leaves, closed greenhouse and high humidity, young tissues are prone to bacterial diseases, which need to be sprayed two or three times with copper preparation or azoxystrobin.

Controlling insect vectors such as fungi, mosquitoes, small flies and whiteflies is critical because they can spread bacteria and other diseases. Thrips transmit leaf viruses, such as impatiens necrotic spots and tomato spot wilt, and aphids transmit taro mosaic virus. Generally speaking, calla lilies are resistant to foliar spray, and most pesticides can be used safely.

If the plant is infected with soft rot, the diseased plant in the greenhouse should be removed in time. In addition, greenhouse sanitation is very important, do not mix a variety of plants in a greenhouse to grow.

Cultivation techniques of potted calla | planting techniques of colored calla | Botanical characteristics of Zantedeschia

Cultivation techniques of potted calla | planting techniques of colored calla | Botanical characteristics of calla-colored calla is a perennial herbaceous bulbous flower of the genus Zantedeschia of Araceae. Its flower shape is elegant and colorful, so it is a new favorite in the flower market and can be cultivated as cut flowers and potted flowers. Botanical characteristics of potted calla

The leaves of colored calla lilies are basal, entire and emerald green, and some varieties have white spots on the leaves and the stalks are more than twice as long as the leaves; the flower stem is higher than the leaf, the inflorescence of the fleshy spike is yellow, and the bud is white, yellow, pink, red and purple, similar to horseshoe-shaped and fleshy.

Preliminary preparation of potted calla lily

Seed ball breeding or seed ball breeding. The growth life of bulb is 4 years. Pot planting bulbs are selected from cut flower bulbs that have not been harvested for two years, and 6 to 9 one or two centimeter bulbs are planted around the mother ball, which is of the best quality. Three-year-old bulbs harvested cut flowers for one season, the growth was weak, the wounds produced by cut flowers were easy to be infected with bacteria, and the incidence of soft rot of bulb roots was high during cultivation.

The treatment of seed ball with gibberellin and fungicide can increase the number of flowering and control soft rot. Generally speaking, gibberellin-treated bulbs have twice as many flowering as untreated bulbs. In addition, gibberellin slightly increased plant height, slightly reduced leaf width, and softened tissue.

Knapsack sprayer can be used to spray gibberellin and fungicide. Avoid soaking seed balls with chemicals to reduce the spread of germs. The pharmaceutical configuration is as follows: 20 ml of copper hydroxide solution is put into each liter of clear water, and gibberellin of 125ppm is added. Adding some disinfectant of copper preparation to gibberellin solution is helpful to control the spread of bacteria and reduce soft rot. Do not stand still after the medicament is mixed. The solution must be stirred to prevent precipitation. The planting ball should be air-dried, not with a fan.

After receiving the seed ball, the grower should immediately open the package, remove the seed ball infected with soft rot, and then wash his hands to avoid spreading the bacteria to other healthy seed balls. If it's green mold or black mold, it doesn't matter. Place the seed ball in a well-ventilated tray under 18 ℃ and plant it two or three days later, so that the wound caused by the seed ball during transportation can be healed before planting. If the storage time is 6 weeks or more, it should be kept in a dark, cool and ventilated place, such as a warehouse with a temperature of 10 ℃ and a relative humidity of 80%. During storage, the seed balls are germinated face down and placed in a single layer in a plastic turnover box.

The container chooses 12 centimeters to 20 centimeters high foot plastic basin, which is beneficial to the drainage and ventilation of the matrix, and one or two kinds of balls are planted in each basin.

The cultivation substrate of color horse is very important. The matrix should be clean and permeable, with pH between 6 and 6.5 and EC below 0.5. Color horse hair root avoid high salt matrix, the best porosity is 20% ±5%. 30% to 50% rough peat soil should be used, mixed with large-grained perlite, coarse sand, fir bark, pumice or slag. Due to the mutual exclusion of pine bark and paclobutrazol, care should be taken or avoided. Coarse sand can stabilize the flowerpot so that it is not easy to pour. Gypsum or lime not only helps balance pH, but also provides calcium that is conducive to the healthy growth of plants.

It is suggested that the matrix formula is as follows: 5 parts of coarse peat soil, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of 3.2 mm to 6.4 mm fir bark and 1 part of coarse sand. Coconut bran and coconut shell fiber are high-quality salt-free matrix mixed materials, which can improve the quality of flowers and stems in cut flower cultivation, but it will increase the incidence of seed bulbs in pot culture. Therefore, it is not recommended to use coconut bran as potted substrate for color horses.

When planting in the pot, put the bud eye of the seed ball upward and the circle facing down. The roots of colored calla lilies grow from around the bud eyes of the upper part of the bulb, so pay attention to the appropriate planting depth. The top of the bulb should be covered with a matrix ranging from 2.5 cm to 3.8 cm deep. If the cover of the bulb is too shallow and the root is exposed to the soil, it is easily threatened by light and dry air; if the bulb is exposed to the surface of the basin soil, it is difficult for the new root to grow.

After sowing the ball in the pot, pour it thoroughly with clean water, put it on the germination cart, promote germination in the germination room or small greenhouse, and keep the temperature at 22 ℃, which is beneficial to germination neatly and reduce the heating cost. Sprouting for about 6 days, when 50% of the potted flowers sprout, they can be removed from the germination chamber, or in two batches. If sprouting in the greenhouse, the shade net should be covered to prevent the temperature from getting too high.

Management of potted calla lily during its growing period

In the first stage, in order to control the disease, the root was irrigated with four-in-one fungicide solution on the 4th day after potting. The four-in-one fungicide solution includes 4 to 8 milliliters per 100 litres of metalaxyl, 98 grams per 100 litres of ethylphosphine aluminum, 30 grams per 100 litres of azoxystrobin, and 60 grams to 120 grams per 100 litres of streptomycin sulfate.

From potting to seedling height 2.5cm to 7.5cm, from 12 to 25 days, keep the temperature at 24 ℃ during the day and 18 ℃ to 19 ℃ at night. In the early stage of winter production, proper heating can improve the vitality and growth of plants. After 6 to 10 days of growth, the seedlings were irrigated with paclobutrazol 6ppm to 8ppm when the height reached 1.25cm to 5cm. The dwarf varieties of small flowers do not apply paclobutrazol; the concentration of compact varieties is lower; the tall stalk growing exuberantly, suitable for large potted flowers and cut flowers should be irrigated twice, and the concentration is higher. If the germination growth of the seed bulb is inconsistent, the flowerpots that germinate to a high level will be irrigated first and marked; the potted flowers that do not germinate high enough will be irrigated after reaching the standard.

The second stage is about a week after budding, or from the first root irrigation with paclobutrazol until the leaves unfold, which should be 14 to 28 days or 50 days, depending on the variety. Keep 21 ℃ to 24 ℃ during the day and 12 ℃ to 15 ℃ at night. Cool nights reduce plant height and delay production.

In the third stage, the buds begin to grow and color. According to different seasons and conditions, it is about 50 to 75 days, with a temperature of 18 ℃ during the day and 10 ℃ to 13 ℃ at night. Under the condition of insufficient light or no paclobutrazol in the second and third stages, the temperature can be reduced by 1 ℃ to 2 ℃. This low temperature can improve the living habits of plants and reduce the use of paclobutrazol, but it will prolong the growth period. It is worth noting that calla lilies stop growing when the temperature is 10 ℃ or slightly below 10 ℃, which can delay its flowering and market.

Negative temperature difference or morning cold stimulation from two to five days after the first use of paclobutrazol, the greenhouse was cooled for 3 ℃ to 6 ℃ in the morning from 5: 00 to 8: 00 in the morning, resulting in a negative temperature difference, that is, cold stimulation, which can reduce the use of paclobutrazol and make the plant healthy and compact. The cold stimulation technique will not prolong the growth period of the plant.

The only way to accelerate the flowering of calla lilies is to increase the average temperature. However, in warm climates, especially in low light, plants can grow and, in severe cases, cause leaves and buds to sag. In the early stage of plant growth, if light-colored yellow leaves appear, it is usually caused by high temperature, so it is best to plant earlier, because low temperature will slow plant growth. this is better than planting later and raising the temperature in the second and third stages.

The growth of color horses needs sufficient light, and it is appropriate to control it at 5000 to 50, 000 Lux, which is insensitive to photoperiod. Many flower growers put colorful horses like pineapples and Anthurium andraeanum, which are overcrowded and poorly ventilated, causing potted flowers to grow weak. For the display density of color horses on the seedbed, it is better that the leaves of the plants do not touch each other and have a slight gap. In winter, the temperature in the Yangtze River basin is low, and it is cloudy and rainy. The plastic film greenhouse should be replaced with a new film, and the fixed second film can not be used. Open the second film during the day to ensure sufficient light.

Humidity and ventilation in the case of poor air circulation, weak light or crowded plants, too much humidity and overheated or cold growth environment will lead to diseases of leaves and roots. In the production of Lunar New year Flowers, it is necessary to turn on the internal circulation fan all night to generate horizontal air flow in the greenhouse and reduce humidity. Spitting water from leaf tips or droplets hanging from leaves can induce bacterial rot. It is worth noting that too dry environment will narrow the leaves, affect the plant growth potential and even the number of flower buds, and finally affect the product quality.

The use of water sources with clean bacteria-free and EC values less than 1.5 is beneficial to the healthy growth of plants. Water supply with high salinity or other problems needs to be treated before use.

Watering depends on the season, temperature and water-holding capacity of the substrate. Keep the basin soil moist to avoid being too wet or too dry. After the first root four-in-one prophylactic fungicide, pour a small amount of water until the leaves unfold, and the second sterilization irrigation is carried out from 14 to 21 days. Avoid stagnant water in basin soil, otherwise it is easy to spread diseases. When slow-release fertilizer is applied under warm conditions, the alternating environment of extreme drought and excessive humidity will damage the root system, which greatly increases the possibility of plant infection.

Too dry the pot soil will cause the buds to wither. Watering should be sufficient and thoroughly, and the water from the bottom of the basin can take away the excessive salt accumulated by the basin soil. Avoid tidal irrigation and bottom seepage irrigation to avoid spreading diseases. Long-term wet basin soil will cause moss on the surface, which is not conducive to the disease management of calla lilies.

The ideal initial fertilization for fertilizer is to mix 15-3-15 slow-release fertilizer with matrix and add trace elements if possible. Keep the basin soil moist and keep the EC value between 1.5 and 2.0. avoid exceeding 2.50. Do not use ammonia nitrogen, it is recommended to use constant 100ppm to 150ppm liquid fertilizer, and add trace elements. In the case of weak light or poor growth conditions, it is necessary to increase the fertilizer concentration, such as fertilizing once a week, using fertilizer with 100ppm concentration; once every two weeks, using fertilizer with 200ppm concentration; if not applying fertilizer regularly, use fertilizer with 300ppm concentration. 1.5 grams of 15-3-15 slow-release fertilizer can be added to each 15cm flowerpot. If the basin soil is too dry and the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the slow-release fertilizer will cause fertilizer damage and salt burn at the edge of the leaf for more than 30 days. Adding 1.78 kg of lime and dolomite per cubic meter of matrix can provide plants with calcium and increase disease resistance. To darken the leaves, 46.9 milliliters of iron chelate can be added to 100 liters of water and sprayed weekly after the leaves unfold. The use of paclobutrazol and lower temperature can also darken the color of leaves.

In order to increase the ventilation and transmittance of large leaf varieties, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of nitrogen and increase phosphorus in fertilizer. The use of 10-30-20 slow-release fertilizer can make the plant grow more robust and smaller complete leaves, and increase the number of flowers.

In the last 6 weeks of the growing period, watering thoroughly with water for three to five times can clean the leaves, prevent the basin soil from accumulating salt and burn the roots.

Paclobutrazol is the most effective growth regulator of calla. When the buds of the color horse grow to 1.25 cm to 5 cm high, the basin soil must be moist when paclobutrazol is sprayed for the first time, preferably one or two days after fertilization or after the second sterilization and root irrigation in the basin soil. The second spray of paclobutrazol is usually 6 to 10 days after the first use. The effect of using paclobutrazol with low concentration (6ppm to 10ppm) in two times was better than that of spraying solution with higher concentration. It is recommended that 177ml be sprayed in 15cm pots and 118ml in 11cm pots. The use of too much paclobutrazol will cause the plant shape to shrink, reduce the number of flowers and delay flowering. The correct use of paclobutrazol can greatly improve the quality of finished flowers and is beneficial to long-distance transportation.

Small flower varieties with narrow leaves should not use dwarf, large flower varieties can be irrigated with 8ppm paclobutrazol twice, and tall cut flower varieties can be irrigated with 10ppm paclobutrazol for two or three times.

In addition to the concentration, there are many factors that affect the effect of paclobutrazol, such as weak light or short sunshine, too high or low temperature, too dry basin soil, spraying dwarf and then watering, and so on. The use of paclobutrazol is not only a science, but also an art. The same concentration will have different effects in different varieties, regions and seasons. In order to accurately grasp the timing and concentration of spraying, it is necessary to record in detail the environmental conditions of each spray, substrate humidity, temperature and light after use, and so on.

The main diseases for the control of color horse diseases and insect pests are seed bulb soft rot caused by Irwin's bacteria, sheath blight and so on. When the plant has yellow leaves, as long as the producer withdraws the plastic basin, the corresponding basin wall root system of the yellow leaf can be seen to show water-stained transparent roots, which is the diseased root, while the healthy root system is white.

Check the plant every week for the following conditions: root browning, uneven growth, plant disease, thin roots and so on. Once the disease is found, prevention and treatment should be carried out in time. For the pretreated corms, the root was irrigated for the first time within two to six days after the initial watering. If it is not the pretreated tuber, the root should be irrigated within two or three days after the initial watering; the second root irrigation should be carried out from 14 to 21 days after the first root irrigation; and the third root irrigation should be carried out from 21 to 28 days after the second root irrigation. All spraying and root irrigation should be carried out in the morning, or early enough so that all leaves can be completely dry overnight.

In the production of Lantern flower, due to the rapid growth of new leaves, closed greenhouse and high humidity, young tissues are prone to bacterial diseases, which need to be sprayed two or three times with copper preparation or azoxystrobin.

Controlling insect vectors such as fungi, mosquitoes, small flies and whiteflies is critical because they can spread bacteria and other diseases. Thrips transmit leaf viruses, such as impatiens necrotic spots and tomato spot wilt, and aphids transmit taro mosaic virus. Generally speaking, calla lilies are resistant to foliar spray, and most pesticides can be used safely.

If the plant is infected with soft rot, the diseased plant in the greenhouse should be removed in time. In addition, greenhouse sanitation is very important, do not mix a variety of plants in a greenhouse to grow. Key points for attention of potted colored calla lilies

The flower language of calla lilies is beautiful, which represents faithful love, so everyone has a special preference for calla lilies. The common calla lilies are white, but there is another kind of calla lilies called colored calla lilies, which I believe you have seen. So what are the main points for attention of potted colored calla lilies? Let's introduce it to you.

Key points for attention in potted colored calla lilies

The pot soil of potted color calla is mainly sandy loam, which can be mixed with garden soil and rotten leaves, and then mixed with organic fertilizer to cultivate color calla. Because the root system grows in the upper part of the sphere, the bottom of the basin soil should be covered with water-permeable slag or coarse-grained sand. Flowerpots should be shallow pots instead of bobbin pots.

Key points for attention of potted colored calla lilies

The fertilization of colored calla lilies is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially when budding, the solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed in time, with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.2%, to make the pedicels stout, straight and resistant to lodging. If you leave the seed, spray once every 10 days, 2 to 3 times after setting the fruit. Potted plant nutrients are limited, so it is necessary to apply thin fertilizer frequently and constantly supplement potted soil nutrients.

Key points for attention of potted colored calla lilies

Like ordinary white calla lilies, colored calla lilies like a warm and humid environment and are not resistant to drought. the basin soil should be kept moist and can not be short of water. If the environment is dry, spray water to the ground and keep a small moist environment.

Colorful calla lilies like the sun, but they are afraid of summer sun exposure. Leaves and flame bracts will burn after direct sunlight. So summer should be shaded with a shading rate of 50%. However, if you grow in a dark and sunny environment for a long time, it will affect flowering, even if it does not blossom, the color is also light, hindering viewing. There is no need to shade the sun in spring and autumn.

Key points for attention of potted colored calla lilies

Colorful calla lilies, not cold-resistant, like warmth. Planting in southern Liaoning, generally in the autumn in September on the pot, each pot with the same diameter of flowering balls, can be planted three, according to the zigzag planting. It can be rooted in autumn, dormant in winter, stored indoors, kept for 5 ℃, and flowerpots can be placed in palletizing. In the coming spring, when the temperature is 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, it should be watered. If the indoor temperature is high and germinates early, it usually blossoms in June or July. Some high temperature and well-managed flowers can be seen at the beginning of June.